KIDNEY STONESKIDNEY STONES

WHAT IS A KIDNEY WHAT IS A KIDNEY STONE??STONE??

Solid piece of Solid piece of material that forms material that forms in kidney out of in kidney out of substances in the substances in the urine.urine.

Can break loose and Can break loose and travel down the travel down the urinary tracturinary tract

Can get stuck in Can get stuck in ureter, bladder, or ureter, bladder, or urethraurethra

APPEARANCEAPPEARANCE

Small as a grain of Small as a grain of sand or as large as sand or as large as a pearla pearl

Smooth or jaggedSmooth or jagged Usually yellow or Usually yellow or

brownbrown

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS Pain that does not Pain that does not

go away may occur go away may occur in your back or in your back or side if you have a side if you have a kidney stonekidney stone

Blood in urineBlood in urine Fever or chillsFever or chills Burning sensation Burning sensation

when urinatingwhen urinating Urine that smells Urine that smells

bad or looks cloudybad or looks cloudy

TYPES TYPES

1.1. Most common Most common stones contain stones contain calcium (either calcium (either calcium oxalate or calcium oxalate or calcium calcium phosphate)phosphate)

TYPESTYPES

2. Struvite stones 2. Struvite stones are less common are less common and occur after an and occur after an infectioninfection

Contain Contain magnesium and magnesium and ammoniaammonia

TYPESTYPES

3. Uric acid stones 3. Uric acid stones are less commonare less common

Urine contains too Urine contains too much acidmuch acid

If you form this If you form this type of stone you type of stone you need to cut back need to cut back on red meaton red meat

TYPESTYPES

4. Cystine stones are 4. Cystine stones are rarerare

Too much of the Too much of the amino acid cystine amino acid cystine which doesn’t which doesn’t dissolve in urine is dissolve in urine is voided leading to voided leading to formation of stones formation of stones made of cystinemade of cystine

hereditaryhereditary

DiagnosisDiagnosis

TREATMENT TREATMENT (note most (note most stones will pass out on own – stones will pass out on own –

drink lots of water!!)drink lots of water!!)1.1. Shockwaves Shockwaves (usually (usually

use ultrasound or X-use ultrasound or X-rays to 1st pinpoint rays to 1st pinpoint location of stone)location of stone)

2.2. Surgical Surgical (tunnel (tunnel surgery – incision surgery – incision through back to kidney through back to kidney to remove stone)to remove stone)

3.3. UteroscopeUteroscope (fiberoptics and cage (fiberoptics and cage device to catch stone device to catch stone and pull it out) inserted and pull it out) inserted through urethra, through urethra, bladder, and ureter to bladder, and ureter to kidneykidney

PREVENTIONPREVENTION

Avoid high saltAvoid high salt Avoid large amounts of red meatAvoid large amounts of red meat MedicationsMedications