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DOCUMENT NO. KIE - TP - R297

REVISION NO. 0

RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE 1 of 35

KIE - QR - A03 - 2(03. 02. Rev. 0) TEL:(02)598-2525

(NAME) (SIGN) (DATE) (Dept)

(PREPARED BY)

KIM, CHAN SIK 2006. 06. 27 QA Engr

(REVIEWED BY)SONG, CHANG HO 2006. 06. 27 LEVEL

(APPROVED BY)KIM, PYONG GOO 2006. 06. 30 QAD MGR

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TABLE OF CONTENDSTABLE OF CONTENDSTABLE OF CONTENDSTABLE OF CONTENDS

PARA & TITLEPARA & TITLEPARA & TITLEPARA & TITLE

1. 0 PURPOSE1. 0 PURPOSE1. 0 PURPOSE1. 0 PURPOSE

2. 0 REFERENCES2. 0 REFERENCES2. 0 REFERENCES2. 0 REFERENCES

3. 0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION3. 0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION3. 0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION3. 0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION

4. 0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION4. 0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION4. 0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION4. 0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

5. 0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS5. 0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS5. 0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS5. 0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

6. 0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS6. 0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS6. 0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS6. 0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

7. 0 EXAMINATION7. 0 EXAMINATION7. 0 EXAMINATION7. 0 EXAMINATION

8. 0 PROCEDURE8. 0 PROCEDURE8. 0 PROCEDURE8. 0 PROCEDURE

9. 0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD9. 0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD9. 0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD9. 0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD

10. 0 RADIATION SAFETY10. 0 RADIATION SAFETY10. 0 RADIATION SAFETY10. 0 RADIATION SAFETY

11. 0 REPAIR REQUIREMENTS11. 0 REPAIR REQUIREMENTS11. 0 REPAIR REQUIREMENTS11. 0 REPAIR REQUIREMENTS

12. 0 EXAMINATION RESULTS12. 0 EXAMINATION RESULTS12. 0 EXAMINATION RESULTS12. 0 EXAMINATION RESULTS

13. 0 EXHIBITS13. 0 EXHIBITS13. 0 EXHIBITS13. 0 EXHIBITS

ATTACHMENT 1ATTACHMENT 1ATTACHMENT 1ATTACHMENT 1

ATTACHMENT 2ATTACHMENT 2ATTACHMENT 2ATTACHMENT 2

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1.0 PURPOSE1.0 PURPOSE1.0 PURPOSE1.0 PURPOSE

This procedure is to describe the minimum requirements for methods, techniques and acceptance

standards to be used when performing the radiographic examination of materials and weldments

for use in Code construction and welder and welding operator performance qualification.

2.0 REFERENCES2.0 REFERENCES2.0 REFERENCES2.0 REFERENCES

2.1 ASME Sec. V 1998 Ed. with 1998 through 2000 Add.

2.2 ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1 1998 Ed. with 1998 through 2000 Add.

2.3 ASME B 31.1 1998 Ed. with 1998 through 2000 Add.

2.4 ASME Sec. I 1995 Ed. with 1995 through 2000 Add.

2.5 ASME Sec. IX 1998 Ed. with 1998 through 2000 Add.

2.6 ASNT SNT-TC-1A 1996 Ed.

3.0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATI3.0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATI3.0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATI3.0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATIONONONON

This procedure shall be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the A.I and QC Dep't Manager of JIMC,

before use.

4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

Personnel performing nondestructive examination shall be qualified in accordance with the KIE

procedure "Personnel Certification Program" which meets the requirements of ASNT Recommended

practice, SNT-TC-1A, and Section V of ASME Code.

5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Surface Preparation

5.1.1 Materials

Surfaces shall satisfy the requirements of the applicable materials specifications, with

additional conditioning, if necessary, by any suitable process to a degree that surfaceirregularities cannot mask or be confused with discontinuities.

5.1.2 Welds

The weld ripples or weld surface irregularities on both the inside (where accessible)

and outside shall be removed by any suitable process to such a degree that the resulting

radiographic image due to any irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the image

of any discontinuity.

5.1.3 Surface Finish

The finished surface of all buttwelded joints may be flush with the base material or may

have reasonably uniform crown, with reinforcement not to exceed that specified in Table1.

5.1.4 All surfaces requiring radiography shall be free of loose rust, scale, dirt, and oil /

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grease in the area of interest and extending approximately 4~6 inch on both sides of the

weld edge or area of interest, both I.D and O.D.

Table 1. Limitation on Reinforcement

Maximum Reinforcement, in.Material Nominal

Thickness, in.Circumferential Joints in

Pipe and Tubing

Other Welds

Less than 3/32 3/32 1/32

3/32 to 3/16, in. 1/8 1/16Over 3/16 to 1/2, in. 5/32 3/32

Over 1/2 to 1, in 3/16 3/32

Over 1 to 2, in. 1/4 1/8

Over 2 to 3, in. 1/4 5/32

Over 3 to 4, in. 1/4 7/32

Over 4 to 5, in. 1/4 1/4

Over 5 5/16 5/16

a) For pressure vessel

Reinforcement of Girth and Longitudinal butt weldsMaximum Thickness of Reinforcement for Design Temperature

> 750(400) > 350-750(175-400) < 350(175)Thickness of Base Metal , in. (mm)

in. mm. in. mm. in. mm.

Up to 1/8(3.0) incl. 1/16 2.0 3/32 2.5 3/16 5.0

Over 1/8 to 3/16(3.0 to 5.0),incl. 1/16 2.0 1/8 3.0 3/16 5.0

Over 3/16 to 1/2(5.0 to 13.0),incl. 1/16 2.0 5/32 4.0 3/16 5.0

Over 1/2 to 1(13.0 to 25.0),incl. 3/32 2.5 3/16 5.0 3/16 4.0

Over 1 to 2 (25.0 to 50.0),incl. 1/8 3.0 1/4 6.0 1/4 6.0

Over 2 (50.0) 5/32 4.0The greater of 1/4 in.(6mm) or 1/8 times the

width of the weld in inches(millimeters).

NOTE : 1) For double welded butt joints, this limitation on reinforcement given above shall apply

separately to both inside and outside surfaces of the joint.

2) For single welded butt joints, the reinforcement limits given above shall apply to the

outside surface of the joint only.

3) The thickness of weld reinforcement shall be based on the thickness of the thinner of the

materials being joined.

4) The weld reinforcement thicknesses shall be determined from the higher of the abutting

surfaces involved.

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5) Weld reinforcement may be removed if so desired.

b) For Power Piping

5.2 Back-Scatter Radiation Check

A lead symbol "B", with minimum dimensions of 1/2 in. height and 1/16 in. in thickness, shall

be attached to the back of each film holder during each exposure to determine if backscatter

radiation is exposing the film.

If a light image of the "B", appears on a darker background of the radiograph, protection from

backscatter is insufficient and the radiograph shall be considered unacceptable.

A dark image of the "B" on a lighter background is not cause for rejection.

5.3 System of Identification

A system shall be used to produce permanent identification on the radiograph traceable to the

contract, component, weld or weld seam, or part numbers, and repairs (R1,R2,etc) as appropriate.

In addition, the manufacturer's symbol or name and the date of the radiograph shall be plainly

and permanently included on the radiograph. In any case, this information shall not obscure

the area of interest.

5.4 Monitoring Density Limitations of Radiographs

Either a densitometer or step wedge comparison film shall be used for judging film density.

5.5 Radiographic Density

5.5.1 Density Limitations

The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of the body of the appropriate

hole penetrameter and the area of interest shall be 1.8 minimum for single film viewing

for radiographs made with an X-ray source and 2.0 minimum for radiographs made with a

gammaray source.

The maximum density shall be 4.0. A tolerance of 0.05 in density is allowed for variations

between densitometer readings.

5.5.2 Density Variation

a) GeneralIf the density of the radiograph anywhere through the area of interest varies by more

than minus 15% or plus 30% from the density through the body of the hole penetrameter

within the minimum/maximum allowable density ranges specified in 5.5.1, then an

additional penetrameter shall be used for each exceptional area or areas and the

radiograph retaken. When calculating the allowable variation in density, the

calculation may be rounded to the nearest 0.1 within the range specified in 5.5.1.

b) With Shims

When shims are used the plus 30% density restriction of (a) above may be exceeded,

provided the required penetrameter sensitivity is displayed and the density

limitations of 5.5.1 are not exceeded.

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5.6 Geometric Unsharpness

Geometric unsharpness of the radiograph shall be determined in accordance with :

Ug = F.d/DUg = F.d/DUg = F.d/DUg = F.d/D

where

Ug = geometric unsharpness

F = source size : the maximum projected dimension of the radiating source (or effective

focal spot) in the plane perpendicular to the distance D from the weld or object

being radiographed, in.

D = distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radiographed, in.

d = Distance from source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film, in.

Geometric unsharpness of the radiograph shall not exceed the following.

Table 2] Geometric unsharpness

Material

Thickness, in.

Ug

Maximum, in.

Under 2 0.020

2 through 3 0.030

Over 3 through 4 0.040

Greater than 4 0.070

Note : 1. For ASME Sec. I, When it is impracticable to use a combination of radiography

parameters such that a geometric unsharpness of 0.07in. will not be exceed.

2. For ASME B 31.1, The above requirements are to be used as a guide but not

for the rejection of radiographs unless the geometrical unsharpness exceeds

0.070 in.

5.7 I.Q.I Selection

1) Image Quality Indicator Design

Penetrameters shall be either the hole type or the wire type and shall be manufactured and

identified in accordance with the requirements or alternates allowed in SE-142 or SE-1025

(for hole type) and SE-747 (for wire type).and Appendices.

2) Material

IQIs shall be selected from either the same alloy material group or grade as identified

in SE-1025 or from an alloy material group or grade with less radiation absorption than

the material being radiographed.

3) Size

The designated hole IQI or essential wire shall be as specified in Table 4. A thinner or

thicker hole type IQI may be substituted for any section thickness listed in Table 5, provided

equivalent IQI sensitivity is maintained. See para.5.8 2).a) Welds with Reinforcements

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The thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness plus the

estimated weld reinforcement not to exceed the maximum permitted by the referencing

Code Section. Backing ring or strip is not to be considered as part of the thickness

in IQI selection. The actual measurement of the weld reinforcement is not required.

b) Welds without Reinforcements

The thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness. Backing

rings or strips are not to be considered as part of the weld thickness in IQI selection.

5.8 I.Q.I Sensitivity

1) Required sensitivity

Radiographic shall be performed with a technique of sufficent sensitivity to display the

designated hole IQI image and the 2T hole, or the essential wire of a wire IQI. The radiographs

shall also display the IQI identifying numbers and letters. If the designated hole IQI image

and 2T hole, or essential wire, do not show on any film in a multiple film technique, but

do show in composite film viewing.

2) Equivalent Hole-Type Sensitivity

If a thinner or thicker hole-type IQI than listed in table 4 was substituted, an equivalent

IQI sensitivity, as sepecified in table 5, shall have been mailtained as well as all other

requirements for radiographiy having been met.

Table 3] Wire IQI Designation

Set A Set B Set C Set D

Wire

Diameter, in.

Wire

Identity

Wire

Diameter, in.

Wire

Identity

Wire

Diameter, in.

Wire

Identity

Wire

Diameter, in.

Wire

Identity

0.0032 1 0.010 6 0.032 11 0.100 16

0.004 2 0.013 7 0.040 12 0.126 17

0.005 3 0.016 8 0.050 13 0.160 18

0.0063 4 0.020 9 0.063 14 0.200 19

0.008 5 0.025 10 0.080 15 0.250 20

0.010 6 0.032 11 0.100 16 0.320 21

TABLE 4] MATERIAL THICKNESS, PENETRAMETER DESIGNATIONS, AND ESSENTIAL HOLES

Penetrameter

Source Side Film SideNominal single-wall

Material Thickness

Range, in.Hole Type

Designation

Wire-Type

Essential Wire

Hole Type

Designation

Wire-Type

Essential Wire

Up to 0.25, incl 12 5 10 4

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Over 0.25 through 0.375 15 6 12 5

Over 0.375 through 0.50 17 7 15 6

Over 0.5 through 0.75 20 8 17 7

Over 0.75 through 1.00 25 9 20 8

Over 1.00 through 1.50 30 10 25 9

Over 1.50 through 2.00 35 11 30 10

Over 2.00 through 2.50 40 12 35 11

Over 2.50 through 4.00 50 13 40 12Over 4.00 through 6.00 60 14 50 13

Over 6.00 through 8.00 80 16 60 14

Over 8.00 through 10.00 100 17 80 16

Over 10.00 through 12.00 120 18 100 17

Over 12.00 through 16.00 160 20 120 18

Over 16.00 through 20.00 200 21 160 20

TABLE 5] DIAMETER OF WIRE PENETRAMETER CORRESPONDING TO HOLE TYPE(1T, 2T, 4T)

Equivalent Hole Type DesignationHole Type Designation2T Hole 1T Hole 4T Hole

10 15 5

12 17 7

15 20 10

17 25 12

20 30 15

25 35 17

30 40 20

35 50 25

40 60 30

50 70 35

60 80 40

80 120 60

100 140 70

120 160 80

160 240 120

200 280 140

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5.9 Use of Penetrameters to Monitor Radiographic Examination.

5.9.1 Placement of Penetrameter

a) Pemetrameter Location for Welds - Hole penetrameters.

The penetrameter(s) may be placed adjacent to or on the weld. The identification

number(s) and, when used, the lead letter "F" shall not be in the area of interest,

except for the conditions described in (1) or (2) below:

1) When geometric configuration makes it impractical to place the penetrameter(s) as

outlined in 5.9.1 (a) ; or

2) When the weld metal is not radiographically similar to the base material (as

categorized in SE-142, Annex A1)

b) Penetrameter Location for Welds - Wire Penetrameters.

The penetrameter(s) shall be placed on the weld so that the length of the wires

is perpendicular to the length of the weld. The identification numbers and, when

used, the lead letter "F" shall not be in the area of interest, except for the

condition described in (a)(1) or (2) above.

c) Penetrameter Location for Materials other than Welds.

The penetrameter(s) with the penetrameter identication number(s), and, when used,

the lead letter "F", may by placed in the area of interest.

5.9.2 Number of Penetrameters

For components where one or more film holders are used for an exposure, at least one

penetrameter image shall appear on each radiograph except as outlined in 5.9.2(b) below.

a) Multiple Penetrameters

If the requirements of 5.5 are met by using more than one penetrameter, one shall

be representative of the lightest area of interest and the other the darkest area

of interest ; the intervening densities on the radiograph shall be considered as

having acceptable density.

b) Special Cases1) For cylindrical vessels where the source is placed on the axis of the object and

one or more film holders are used for a single exposure of a complete circumference,

at least three penetrameters shall be spaced approximately 120 deg. apart. Where

sections of longitudinal welds adjoining the circumferential weld are radiographed

simultaneously with the circumferential weld, an additional penetrameter shall be

placed on each longitudinal weld at the end of each section most remote from the

junction with the circumferential weld being radiographed.

2) For cylindrical vessels where the source is placed on the axis of the object and

four or more film holders are used for a single exposure of a section of the

circumference, at least three penetrameters shall be used. One penetrameter shall

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be in the approximate center of the section exposed and one at each end. When the

section of the circumference exposed exceeds 240deg., the rules of 5.9.2 (b) (1)

apply. Additional film locations may be required to obtain necessary penetrameter

spacing ; otherwise at least one penetrameter image shall appear on each radiograph.

3) For spherical vessels, where the source is located at the center of the vessel and

one or more film holders are used for a single exposure of a complete circumference,

at least three penetrameters shall be spaced approximately 120 deg. apart. For other

welds radiographed simultaneously, one additional penetrameter shall be placed on

each other weld.

4) For segments of spherical vessels where the source is located at the center of the

vessel and four or more film holders are used for an exposure of a circumferential

weld, at least three penetrameters shall be used. One penetrameter shall be in the

approximate center of the portion exposed and one at each end. When the portion

exposed exceeds 240 deg., the rules of 5.9.2(b)(3) above apply. Additional film

locations may be required to obtain necessary penetrameter image shall appear on

each radiograph.

5) When an array of objects in a circle is radiographed, at least one penetrameter

shall show on each object image.

6) In order to maintain the continuity of records involving subsequent exposures, all

radiographs exhibiting penetrameters which quality the techniques permitted in

accordance with 5.9.2 (b)(1), (2), (3) or (4) above must be retained.

5.9.3 Shims Under Hole Penetrameters

A shim of material radiographically similar to the weld metal shall be placed between

the part and the penetramerter, if needed, so that the radiographic density throughout

the area of interest is no more than minus 15% from (lighter than) the radiographic density

through the penetrameter. The shim dimensions shall exceed the penetrameter dimensions

such that the outline of at least three sides of the penetrameter image shall be visiblein the radiograph and shimed penetrameter shall be placed so as not to overlap the backing

strip or ring.

5.10 Location Markers

Location markers (see Fig 1), which are to appear as radiographic images on the film, shall

be placed on the part, not on the exposure holder/cassette. Their locations shall be

permanently marked on the surface of the part being radiographed when permitted, or on a map,

in a manner permitting the area of interest on a radiograph to be accurately traceable to

its location on the part, for the required retention priod of the radiograph. Evidence shall

also be provided on the radiograph that the required coverage of the region being examined

has been obtained. Location markers shall be placed as follows.

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5.10.1 Single-Wall Viewing

a) Source Side Markers

Location markers shall be placed on the source side when radiographing the following :

1) Flat components or longitudinal joints in cylindrical or conical components.

2) Curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the

"source-to-material" distance is less than the inside radius of the component;

3) Curved or spherical components whose convex side is toward the source.

b) Film Side Markers

1) Location markers shall be placed on the film side when radiographing either curved

or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the

"source-to-material" distance is greater than the inside radius.

2) As an alternative to source side placement in 5.10.1(a) (1)above, location markers

may be placed on the film side when the radiograph shows coverage beyond the location

markers to the extent demonstrated by Fig. 1(e).

c) Either Side Markers

Location markers may be placed on either the source side or film side when radiographing

either curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and the

"source-to-material" distance equals the inside radius of the component.

5.10.2 Double-Wall Viewing

For double-wall viewing, at least one location marker shall be placed on the source side

surface adjacent to the weld (or on the material in the area of interest) for each

radiograph.

5.10.3 Mapping the Placement of Location Markers

When inaccessibility or other limitations prevent the placement of markers as stipulated

in 5.10.1 and 5.10.2, a dimensioned map of the actual marker placement shall accompany

the radiographs to show that full coverage has been obtained.

5.11 Verification of Source SizeThe equipment manufacturer's or supplier's publications, such as technical manuals, decay

curves, or written statements documenting the actual or maximum source size or focal spot,

shall be acceptable as source size verification.

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t

Source side marker alternate Flat

component or longitudinal seam

x = (t / D) (Mf/ 2)

x = additional required coverage,in.beyond filmside location marker

t = component thickness, in.

Mf= filmside location marker interval, in.

D = source to component distance,in.

[See para.5.10.1 b) 2)]

(e)

D

Mfx x

Flat component or longitudinal

seam[See para. 5.10.1 a) 1)]

[See sketch (e) for alternate]

(a)

Filmside

unacceptable

Source side

acceptable

Curved components with radiation source to

filmdistance less than radius of component

[See para. 5.10.1 a) 2)]

(b)

Filmside

unacceptableSource side

acceptable

Curved component with convex

surface towards radiation source

[See para. 5.10.1 a) 1)]

(c)

Source side

acceptable

Filmside

unacceptable

Curved components with radiation

source to filmdistance greater than

radius of curvature

[See para.5.10.1 b) 1)](d)

LEGEND

Radiation source -

Location marker -

Component center -

Filmside

acceptable

Source side

unacceptable

Curved component with radiation

source at center curvature

[See para.5.10.1 c)]

(f)

Either side

location marker

is acceptable

Fig. 1 Location maker sketches

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5.12 Step Wedge Film and Densitometer

5.12.1 Densitometer

Densitometer shall be calibrated at least every 90 days during use as follows:

a) A national standard step tablet or a step wedge calibration film, traceable national

standard step tablet and having at least 5 steps with neutral densities from at least

1.0 through 4.0, shall be used. The step wedge calibration film shall have been

verified within the last year by comparison with a national standard step tablet.

b) The densitometer manufacturer's step-by-step instructions for the operation of the

densitometer shall be followed.

c) The density step closest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 on the national standard step tablet

or step wedge calibration film shall be read.

d) The densitometer is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by more than 0.05

density units from actual density stated on the national standard step tablet or step

wedge calibration film

5.12.2 Step Wedge Comparison Films

Step wedge comparison films shall be verified prior to first use, unless performed by

the manufacturer, as follows:

a) The density of the steps on a step wedge comparison film shall be verified by a

calibrated densitometer.

b) The step wedge comparison film is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by

more than 0.1 density units from the density stated on the step wedge comparison

film.

5.12.3 Periodic Verification

a) Densitometer

Periodic calibration verification checks shall be performed as described in 5.12.1

at the beginning of each shift, after 8 hr of continuous use, or after change of

apertures, whichever comes first. The densitometer is acceptable if the densityreadings are within 0.05 of the calibration readings determined in 5.12.1 c).

b) Step Comparison Films

Verification check shall be performed annually per 5.12.2.

5.12.4 Documentation

a) Densitometer calibration readings required by 5.12.1 c) shall be recorded in an

appropriate calibration log.

b) Periodic verification reading required by 5.12.3 do not have to be recorded.

5.13 Direction of Radiation

The direction of the central beam of radiation should be centered on the area of interest

whenever practical.

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5.14 Quality of Radiographs

All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other blemishes to the extent that

they cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the area of interest

of the object being radiographed.

a) fogging

b) processing defects such as streaks, water marks, or chemical stains

c) scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, static marks, smudges, or tears

d) loss of detail due to poor screen-to-film contact

e) false indications due to defective screens

5.15 Radiographic sensitivity

All radiographs shall be obtained the requirements of 5.5, 5.6, 5.8. To obtained the

requirements of 5.5, 5.6, 5.8, vary the following factor.

5.15.1 Source size

The maximum source size shall be determined to obtain 5.6, 5.8. To obtain the requirements

of Ug, more than smaller source shall be used.

5.15.2 Source to object distance

Minimum source to object distance shall be determined to obtain 5.5, 5.6, 5.8. To obtain

the 5.5, 5.6, 5.8, take the longer source to object distance.

5.15.3 Source side of object to the film distance.

The distance from source side of object to the film shall be decrease to obtain the

radiographic sensitivity.

5.15.4 Film

The type I or II film shall be used as described in 6.1.

6.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS6.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS6.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS6.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

6.1 Film

6.1.1 SelectionRadiographs shall be made using industrial radiographic film. The film brand and

designated used are as follows.

Type of industrial Radiographic Film

FILM DESIGNATIONTYPE

KODAK AGFA FUJI

M, T, R D-4,D-5 #50, #80

AA D-7 #100

6.2 Screen

Lead intensifying screen may be used in direct contact with the film. The front and back screens

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shall be 0.005 inches or 0.01 inches thick.

6.3 Facilities for Viewing of Radiographs

Viewing facilities shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not

cause troublesome reflections, shadows, or glare on the radiograph. Equipment used to view

radiograph for interpretation shall provide a variable light source sufficent for the essential

penetrameter hole or designated wire to be visible for the specified density range. The viewing

conditions shall be such that light from around the outer edge of the radiograph or coming

through low-density portions of the radiograph does not interfere with interpretation.

6.4 Selection of Energy of Radiation

6.4.1 Radiation

Gamma ray equipment such as Ir-192 or Co-60 may be used. The minimum thickness range used

in gamma ray radiography shall be as specified in Table 6.

Table 6] Minimum Thickness

Material Iridium 192 Cobalt 60

Steel 6mm 38mm

Copper or High Nickel 16.5mm 33mm

Aluminum 63.5mm ...

Note) Overal radigraphic sensitivity is primary influenced by factors such as:

1) film selection

2) intensifying screen selection

3) geometric unsharpness

4) film density

The maximum thickness for the use of radioactive isotopes is primarily dictated by exposure

time; therefore, upper limit are not shown. The minimum recommended thickness limitation

may be reduced when the radiographic techniques used demonstrate that the required

radiographic sensitivity has been obtained.

The minimum recommended thickness limitation of above table 6 (limitation for steel by

Ir-192) was verified by demonstrate to obtaine the required radiographic sensitivity.

7.0 EXAMINATION7.0 EXAMINATION7.0 EXAMINATION7.0 EXAMINATION

7.1 Radiographic Technique

A single-wall exposure technique shall be used for radiography whenever practical. When it

is not practical to use a single-wall technique, a double-wall technique shall be used. An

adequate number of exposures shall be made to demonstrate that the required coverage has been

obtained.

7.1.1 Single-Wall TechniqueIn the single-wall technique, the radiation passes through only one wall of the weld

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(material), which is viewed for acceptance on the radiograph.

7.1.2 Double-Wall-Technique

When it is not practical to use a single-wall technique, one of the following double-wall

techniques shall be used.

a) Single-Wall Viewing

For materials and for welds in components, a technique may be used in which the radiation

passes through two walls and only the weld (material) on the film side wall is viewed

for acceptance on the radiographic. When complete coverage is required for

circumferential welds(materials), a minimum of three exposures taken 120 deg. to each

other shall be made.

b) Double-Wall Viewing

For materials and for welds in components 3 1/2 in. or less in nominal outside diameter,

a technique may be used in which the radiation passes through two walls and the weld

(material) in both walls is viewed for acceptance on the same radiograph. For double-

wall viewing, only a source side penetramenter shall be used. Care should be exercised

to ensure that the required geometric unsharpness is not exceeded. If the geometric

unsharpness requirement cannot be met, then single-wall viewing shall be used.

1) For welds, the radiation beam may be offset from the plane of the weld at an angle

sufficient to separate the images of the source side and film side portions of the

weld so that there is no overlap of the areas to be interpreted. When complete

coverage is required, a minimum of two exposures taken 90 deg. to each other shall

be made for each joint.

2) As an alternative, the weld may be radiographed with the radiation beam positioned

so that the images of both walls are superimposed. When complete coverage is

required, a minimum of three exposures taken at either 60 deg. or 120deg. to each

other shall be made for each joint.

3) Additional exposures shall be made if the required radiographic coverage cannotbe obtained using the minimum number of exposures indicated in (b) (1) or (b)

(2) above.

8.0 PROCEDURE8.0 PROCEDURE8.0 PROCEDURE8.0 PROCEDURE

8.1 Preparation Prior to Examination

1) Obtain procedure, drawing and other information.

2) Confirm the area to be examined with the drawings or any other informations.

8.2 Material and Equipment

1) Use following materials and equipment listed below, and record type or KIECO registered

No. on the Examination Report.

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a) X-Ray (or Gamma Ray) b) Film

c) Screen d) Penetrameter

e) Shim f) Other information (if necessary)

8.3 Examined Areas

1) Confirm examined areas on the part, exposure number, and film number.

2) Mark film location line, film No. on inner and outer surfaces of weld examined.

3) Confirm film direction and film top side on inner and outer surface of weld examined.

8.4 Surface Preparation of Weld

1) Check on that the weld ripples or weld surface irregularities which mask or be confused

with the images of any discontinuities had been remove.

2) Check on that weld reinforcements on both inner and outer vessel surface shall not over

the specified in this procedure.

8.5 Identification Markers

1) Check all identification marker on each film.

8.6 Exposure Condition

1) The film density on examined areas shall be covered in 2.0 to 3.5 (min 1.8 to max 4.0 for

X-Ray and max 2.0 to max 4.0 for gamma-Ray)

2) Determine exposure technique.

3) Determine SFD (F.F.D)

4) Determine exposure time using exposure chart (or calculator).

8.7 Placement of Penetrameter

1) Determine essential shim thickness so that the film density on penetrameter shall be equal

to the examined area adjoining it.

2) One penetrameter shall be placed on the nearly center of the examined area and the other

penetrameter with shim shall be placed on the opposite side of the penetrameter.

8.8 "B" Markers

Attach "B" marker for checking the back scattered radiation on the back of the each film holder.8.9 Processing

8.9.1 Mannual processing

1) The developer shall be maintained at a temperature of 68. Development time shall

be adjusted if the temperature is changed more than 2. See manufactuler's

recommendations.

2) Solutions shall be stirred prior to the start of processing.

3) Hanger shall be separated by at least 1/2 in. during processing.

4) Film shall be agitated at the start of developing to obtain complete even wetting of

the film and remove any air bubbles. It shall also be agitated periodically during

the development stage increasing to agitation every minute when the developer becomes

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old.

5) Manufacturer's recommendations for development time shall be followed. (This is usually

5 minutes. It is better to expose the film for the shorter development time.)

6) After the development is complete, rinse the film in water for a few seconds and plunge

into the stop bath to halt the action of the developer. Agitate the film in the stop

bath for the period of time recommended by the manufacturer.

7) Rinse the film in water for a few seconds and plunge it into the fixer. Agitate it

for about 10 seconds. After about one minute agitate again. Normally 10-15 minutes

is the fixing time.

8) The washing efficiency decreases rapidly with decreasing temperatures below 68.

Washing time at 68 shall be 30 minutes increasing to 40 minutes at 68. For

temperatures above 68 the washing time shall be decreased to about 20 minutes at

78. When the water temperature is above 68 the film shall be removed from the wash

immediately following the wash cycle since the film gelatin softens in warm water.

The water flow shall be sufficient to change the volume four times in one hour.

9) When the washing cycle is completed the film shall be agitated in a wetting agent.

10) Film shall be left on their hangers for drying.

8.9.2 Auto processing

The essence of the automatic processing system is control. The processor maintains the

chemical solutions at the proper temperature, agitates and replenishes the solutions

automatically and transports the films mechanically at a carefully controlled speed

throughout the processing cycle. Film characteristics must be compatible with processing

conditions. It is, therefore, essential that the recommendations of the film processor,

and chemical manufactures be followed.

8.10 Checking of Finished Film

1) Check on that the finished film are free of excessive chemical and processing defects.

2) Check on that the film density of the examined area are within 2.0 to 3.5, using densitometer.3) Check on that the film density through the weld examined do not varies more than 15% or

+30% from the density through the each penetrameter.

4) Check on that the image of "B" mark is not appeared on the each film.

5) Check on that the image of the identification markers were clealy appeared on the each

film.

Note : If the results of each description mentionded above could not be accepted, results

shall be taken appropriately.

8.11 Film Checking Prior to Judgement

1) Check the film quality, image of identification with film cover sheet, image of "B" mark,

film density limitation and variation through the each penetrameter.

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2) If the results of each description mentioned above could not be accepted, reshoot shall

be taken.

8.12 Acceptance Standard

1) Evaluation shall be performed by Level II or III.

2) Acceptance standard shall be in accordance with Para 9.0 of this Procedure.

3) When any images that could interfere with proper interpretation of radiography appeared

on, reshoots for performing proper interpretation shall be taken.

8.13 Report and Record

1) Report results and sign and date on the format with black ball-pen (when accepted)

2) Describe detail of Nonconformance and submit it to Q.C personnel. (when not accepted)

9.0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD9.0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD9.0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD9.0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD

Welds that are shown by radiography to have any of the following types of discontinuities are

unacceptable ;

9.1 ASME Sec. I

1) Any indication characterized as a crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration;

2) Any other elongated indication on the radiograph that has length greater than :

(1) 1/4 in.(6mm) for t up to 3/4 in.(19mm)

(2) 1/3 t for t from 3/4 in.(19mm) to 2 1/4 in.(57mm)

(3) 3/4 in.(19mm) for t over 2 1/4 in.(57mm)

3) Any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length

of 12 t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6 L where

L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group.

4) Rounded indications in excess of that specified by the acceptance standards attached (See

Attachment 1).

9.2 ASME Sec.

9.2.1 ASME Sec. Div. 1(Full Radiographic Examination)1) Any type of crack, or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration.

2) Any elongated slag inclusion which has length greater than :

a) 1/4 in. for t up to 3/4 in.

b) 1/3 t for t from 3/4 in. to 2 1/4 in.

c) 3/4 in. for t over 2 1/4 in.

where ; t = the thickness of the weld

3) Any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in

a length of 12 t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds

6 L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group.

4) Rounded indications in excess of that specified by the acceptance standards attached

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(See ATTACHENT 1).

9.2.2 ASME Sec. Div 1(Spot Radiographic Examination)

Spot radiographing of a welded joint is recognized as an effective inspection tool. The

spot radiography rules are also considered to be an aid to quality control. Spot radiographs

made directly after a welder or an operator has completed a unit of weld proves that the

work is or is not being done in accordance with a satisfactory procedure. If the work is

unsatisfactory, corrective steps can then be taken to improve the welding in the subsequent

units, which unquestionably will improve the weld quality. Spot radiography in accordance

with these rules will not ensure a fabrication product of predetermined quality level

throughout. It must be realized that an accepted vessel under these spot radiography rules

may still contain defects which might be disclosed on further examination. If all

radiographically disclosed weld defects must be eliminated from a vessel, then 100%

radiography must be employed.

(a) Butt welded joints which are to be spot radiographed shall be examined locally as provided

herein.

(b) Minimum Extent of Spot Radiographic Examination

(1) One spot shall be examined on each vessel for each 50 ft increment of weld or fraction

thereof for which a joint efficiency. However, for identical vessels, each with less

than 50 ft of weld for which a joint efficiency, 50ft increments of weld may be

represented by one spot examination.

(2) For each increment of weld to be examined, a sufficient number of spot radiographs

shall be taken to examine the welding of each welder or welding operator. Under

conditions where two or more welders or welding operator. Under conditions where two

or more welders or welding operators make weld layers in a joint, or on the two sides

of a double-welded butt joint, one spot may represent the work all welders or welding

operators.

(3) Each sot examination shall be made as soon as practicable after completion of theincrement of weld to be examined. The location of the spot shall be chosen by the

Inspector after completion of the increment of welding to be examined, except that

when the Inspector has been notified in advance and cannot be present or otherwise

make the selection, the fabricator may exercise his own judgment in selecting the spots.

(c) Standards for Spot Radiographic Examination.

Spot examination by radiography shall be made in accordance with the technique prescribed

in this procedure. The minimum length of spot radiograph shall be 6in. Spot radiographs

may be retained or be discarded by the Manufacturer after acceptance of the vessel by the

Inspector. The acceptability of welds examined by spot radiography shall be judged by

the following standards.

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(1) Welds in which indications are characterized as cracks or zones of incomplete fusion

or penetration shall be unacceptable.

(2) Welds in which indications are characterized as slag inclusions or cavities shall be

unacceptable if the length of any such indication is greater than t where t is the

thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining

two members having different thicknesses at the weld, t is the thinner of these

two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness

of the throat of the fillet shall be included in t. If several indications within the

above limitations exist in line, the welds shall be judged acceptable if the sum of

the longest dimensions of all such indications is not more than t in a length of 6t

(or proportionately for radiographs shorter than 6t) and if the longest indications

considered are separated by at least 3L of acceptable weld metal where L is the length

of the longest indication. The maximum length of acceptable indications shall be 3/4in.

Any such indications shorter than 1/4in. shall be acceptable for any plate thickness.

(3) Rounded indications are not a factor in the acceptability of welds not required to

be fully radiographed.

(d) Evaluation and Retests

(1) When a spot, radiographed as required in (b)(1) or (b)(2) above, is acceptable in

accordance with (c)(1) and (c)(2) above, the entire weld increment represented by this

radiograph is acceptable.

(2) When a spot, radiographed as required in (b)(1) or (b)(2) above, has been examined

and the radiograph discloses welding which does not comply with the minimum quality

requirements of (c)(1) or (c)(2) above, two additional spots shall be radiographically

examined in the same weld increment at locations away from the original spot. The

locations of these additional spots shall be determined by the Inspector or fabricator

as provided for the original spot examination in (b)(3) above.

(a) If the two additional spots examined show welding which meets the minimum qualityrequirements of (c)(1) and (c)(2) above, the entire weld increment represented

by the three radiographs is acceptable provided the defects disclosed by the first

of the three radiographs are removed and the area repaired by welding. The weld

repaired area shall be radiographically examined in accordance with the foregoing

requirements of para. 9.2.

(b) If either of the two additional spots examined shows welding which does not comply

with the minimum quality requirements of (c)(1) or (c)(2) bove, the entire

increments of (c)(1) or (c)(2) above, the entire increment of weld represented

shall be rejected. The entire rejected weld shall be removed and the joint shall

be rewelded weld shall be removed and the joint shall be rewelded or, at the

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fabricators option, the entire increment of weld represented shall be completely

radiographed and only defects need be corrected.

(c) Repair welding shall be performed using a qualified procedure and in a manner

acceptable to the Inspector. The rewelded joint, or the weld repaired areas, shall

be spot radiographically examined at one location in accordance with the foregoing

requirements of para. 9.2.

9.3 ASME B 31.1

1) Any type of crack, or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration.

2) Any other elongated indication which has a length greater than :

(1) 1/4 in.(6.0mm) for t up to 3/4 in.(19.0mm), inclusive;

(2) 1/3 t for t from 3/4 in.(19.0mm) to 2 1/4 in.(57.0mm) inclusive;

(3) 3/4 in.(19mm) for t over 2 1/4 in.(57mm)

where ; t = the thickness of the thinner portion of the weld

3) Any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length

of 12 t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6 L where L

is the length of the longest imperfection in the group.

4) Porosity in excess of that specified by the acceptance standards attached(See ATTACHMENT 1).

5) root concavity when there is an abrupt change in density, as indicated on the radiograph.

9.4 Welder and Welding Operator Qualification

1) Linear Indications

a) Any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration ;

b) Any elongated slag inclusion which has a length greater than ;

(1) 1/8 in. for t up to 3/8 in., inclusive

(2) 1/3 t for t over 3/8 to 2 1/4 in., inclusive

(3) 3/4 in. for t over 2 1/4 in.

c) any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in

a length of 12t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group.

2) Rounded Indications

a) The maximum permissible dimension for rounded indications shall be 20% of t or 1/8 in.,

whichever is smaller.

b) For welds in material less than 1/8 in. in thickness, the maximum number of acceptable

rounded indications shall not exceed 12 in a 6 in. length of weld. A proportionately

fewer number of rounded indications shall be permitted in welds less than 6 in. in length.

c) For welds in material 1/8 in. or greater in thickness, the charts in ATTACHMENT 2 represent

the maximum acceptable types of rounded indications illustrated in typically clustered,

assorted and randomly dispersed configurations. Rounded indications less than 1/32 in.

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in maximum diameter shall not be considered in the radiographic acceptance tests of

welders and welding operators in these ranges of material thickness.

10.0 RADIATION SAFETY10.0 RADIATION SAFETY10.0 RADIATION SAFETY10.0 RADIATION SAFETY

10.1 Personnel performing radiographic examination shall be trained by the Radiological Officer's

License Holder.

10.2 Safety practice shall be applied as outlined in KIECO'S regulation approved by the Manistry

of Science and Technology for control of radiation hazards.

11.0 REPAIR REQUIREMENT11.0 REPAIR REQUIREMENT11.0 REPAIR REQUIREMENT11.0 REPAIR REQUIREMENTSSSS

Repair shall be examined by the same procedure used for detection of the discontinuities.

Acceptability of repairs shall be determined by the same acceptance standards.

12.0 EXAMINATION RESULTS12.0 EXAMINATION RESULTS12.0 EXAMINATION RESULTS12.0 EXAMINATION RESULTS

Radiographic examination results must be reported on the attached form by the certified Level

II or Level III certifying the results of the examination.

13.0 EXHIBITS13.0 EXHIBITS13.0 EXHIBITS13.0 EXHIBITS

1) Radigraphic Examination Report ----- KIE - TR - R - 31 (03. 10. Rev.1)

2) Radigraphic Examination Report ----- KIE - TR - R - 32 (03. 01. Rev.0)

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ATTACHMEMT 1ATTACHMEMT 1ATTACHMEMT 1ATTACHMEMT 1

ROUNDED INDICATIONS CHARTSROUNDED INDICATIONS CHARTSROUNDED INDICATIONS CHARTSROUNDED INDICATIONS CHARTS

ACCEPTANCE STANDARD FORACCEPTANCE STANDARD FORACCEPTANCE STANDARD FORACCEPTANCE STANDARD FOR

RADIOGRAPHICALLY DETERMINED REUNDED INDICATIONS IN WELDSRADIOGRAPHICALLY DETERMINED REUNDED INDICATIONS IN WELDSRADIOGRAPHICALLY DETERMINED REUNDED INDICATIONS IN WELDSRADIOGRAPHICALLY DETERMINED REUNDED INDICATIONS IN WELDS

1. APPLICABILITY OF THESE STANDARDS1. APPLICABILITY OF THESE STANDARDS1. APPLICABILITY OF THESE STANDARDS1. APPLICABILITY OF THESE STANDARDSThese standards are applicable to ferritic, austenitic, and nonferrous materials.

2. TERMINOLOGY2. TERMINOLOGY2. TERMINOLOGY2. TERMINOLOGY

(a) Rounded Indications(a) Rounded Indications(a) Rounded Indications(a) Rounded Indications. Indications with a maximum length of three times the width or less

on the radiograph are defined as rounded indications. These indications may be circular,

elliptical, conical, or irregular in shape and may have tails. When evaluating the size of

an indication, the tail shall be included. The indication may be from any imperfection in

the weld, such as porosity, slag, or tungsten.

(b) Ali(b) Ali(b) Ali(b) Aligned Indicationsgned Indicationsgned Indicationsgned Indications. A sequence of four or more rounded indications shall be considered

to be aligned when they touch a line parallel to the length of the weld drawn through the

center of the two outer rounded indications.

(c) Thickness(c) Thickness(c) Thickness(c) Thickness tttt. t is the thickness of the weld, excluding any allowable reinforcement. For

a butt weld joining two members having different thickness at the weld, t is the thinner of

these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of

the throat of the fillet shall be included in t.

3333.... ACCEPTANCE CRITERIAACCEPTANCE CRITERIAACCEPTANCE CRITERIAACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

(a) Image Density(a) Image Density(a) Image Density(a) Image Density. Density within the image of the indication may vary and is not a criterion

for acceptance or rejection.

(b) Relevant(b) Relevant(b) Relevant(b) Relevant Indications.(See Table 1 for examples)Indications.(See Table 1 for examples)Indications.(See Table 1 for examples)Indications.(See Table 1 for examples) Only those rounded indications which

exceed the following dimensions shall be considered relevant.

1/10t for t less than 1/8in.

1/64 in. for t form 1/8 in. to 1/4 in., include.

1/32 in. for t greater than 1/4 in. to 2 in., include.

1/16 in, for t greater than 2 in.

(c) Maximum Size of Rounded Indication.(See Table(c) Maximum Size of Rounded Indication.(See Table(c) Maximum Size of Rounded Indication.(See Table(c) Maximum Size of Rounded Indication.(See Table 1111 for examples)for examples)for examples)for examples) The maximum permissible

size of any indication shall be 1/4t, or 5/32in., whichever is smaller, except that an isolated

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indication separated from an adjacent indication by 1 in. or more may be 1/3t, or 1/4in.,

whichever is less. For t greater than 2 in. the maximum permissible size of an isolated

indication shall be increased to 3/8 in.

(d) Aligned Rounded Indications(d) Aligned Rounded Indications(d) Aligned Rounded Indications(d) Aligned Rounded Indications. Aligned rounded indications are acceptable when the summation

of the diameters of the indications is less than t in a length of 12t. See Fig.1-1. The length

of groups of aligned rounded indications and the spacing between the groups shall meet the

requirements of Fig.1-2.

(e) Spacing.(e) Spacing.(e) Spacing.(e) Spacing. The distance between adjacent rounded indications is not a factor in determining

acceptance or rejection, except as required for isolated indications or groups of aligned

indications.

(f) Rounded Indication Charts(f) Rounded Indication Charts(f) Rounded Indication Charts(f) Rounded Indication Charts. The rounded indications characterized as imperfections shall

not exceed that shown in the charts. The chart in Figs.1-3 through 1-8 illustrate various

types of assorted, randomly dispersed and clustered rounded indications for different weld

thicknesses greater than 1/8 in. These charts represent the maximum acceptable concentration

limits for rounded indications. The charts for each thickness range represent full scale

6 in. radiographs, and shall not be enlarged or reduced. The distributions shown are not

necessarily the patterns that may appear on the radiograph, but are typical of the

concentration and size of indications permitted.

(g) Weld Thickness t less than 1/8 in.(g) Weld Thickness t less than 1/8 in.(g) Weld Thickness t less than 1/8 in.(g) Weld Thickness t less than 1/8 in. For t less than 1/8 in. the maximum number of rounded

indications shall not exceed 12 in. a 6 in. length of weld. A proportionally fewer number

of indications shall be permitted in welds less than 6 in. in length.

(h) Clustered Indications.(h) Clustered Indications.(h) Clustered Indications.(h) Clustered Indications. The illustrations for clustered indications show up to four times

as many indicaitons in a local area, as that shown in the illustrations for random indications.

The length of an acceptable cluster shall not exceed the lesser of 1 in. or 2t. Where more

than one cluster is present, the sum of the lengths of the clusters shall not exceed 1in.

in a 6in. length weld.

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Maximum Size of Acceptable Rounded Maximum Size of

Thickness t, Indication, in. (mm) Nonrelevatn

in. (mm) Random Isolated Indication, in. (mm)

Less than 1/8 (3.2) 1/4t 1/3t 1/10t

1/8 (3.2) 0.031 (0.79) 0.042 (1.07) 0.015 (0.38)

3/16 (4.8) 0.047 (1.19) 0.063 (1.60) 0.015 (0.38)

1/4 (6.4) 0.063 (1.60) 0.083 (2.11) 0.015 (0.38)

5/16 (7.9) 0.078 (1.98) 0.104 (2.64) 0.031 (0.79)

3/8 (9.5) 0.091 (2.31) 0.125 (3.18) 0.031 (0.79)

7/16 (11.1) 0.109 (2.77) 0.146 (3.71) 0.031 (0.79)

1/2 (12.7) 0.125 (3.18) 0.168 (4.27) 0.031 (0.79)

9/16 (14.3) 0.142 (3.61) 0.188 (4.78) 0.031 (0.79)

5/ 8 (15.9) 0.156 (3.96) 0.210 (5.33) 0.031 (0.79)

11/16 (17.5) 0.156 (3.96)

0.230 (5.84)

0.031 (0.79)

3/4 to 2, incl. 0.156 (3.96) 0.250 (6.35) 0.031 (0.79)

Over 2 0.156 (3.96) 0.375 (9.53) 0.063 (1.60)

NOTE : This table contains examples only.

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SumofL1

toLX

shallbelessthantinalength

of12t.

FIG.4-1A

LIGNEDROUNDEDINDICA

TIONS

TheSumofgr

ouplengthsshallbelessthantinalengthof12t.

MaximumGroupLength

MinimumG

roupSpacing

L=1/4in.

fortlessthan3/4in.

3LwhereListhe

L=1/3t

for

t3/4in.

to2-1/4in.

longest

L=3/4in.

forgreaterthan2-1/4in.

FIG.4-2GROU

PSOFALIGNEDROUNDED

INDICATIONS

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RANDOM ROUNDED

Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. length of weld

ISOLATED

Maximum size per Table 5

CLUSTER

FIG. 4-5 CHARTS FOR t OVER 3/8 in. to 3/4in.,

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RANDOM ROUNDED


CLUSTER

FIG. 4-6 CHARTS FOR t OVER 3/4 in. to 2in.,

ISOLATED


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RANDOM ROUNDED


ISOLATED


CLUSTER

FIG. 4-7 CHARTS FOR t OVER 2 in. to 4in.,

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RANDOM ROUNDED


ISOLATED


CLUSTER

FIG. 4-8 CHARTS FOR t OVER 4

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ATTACHMEMT 2ATTACHMEMT 2ATTACHMEMT 2ATTACHMEMT 2

Typical quantity and size permitted in 6 in. length o

1/8 in. to 1/4 in. thickness

Typical quantity and size permitted in 6 in. length o

1/8 in. to 1/4 in. thickness

Typical quantity and size permitted in 6 in. length of

over 1/4 in. to 1/2 in. thickness


over 1/2 in. to 1in. thickness


over 1in. thickness

ROUNDED INDICATION CHARTS

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