Kim CornelissenRegional and International

Development ConsultantBebop et cie

The car industry’s global situation

Major world challenges«peak» oil and climate changesAn explosion of «green» solutionsPresure on more sustainable mobilityDemanding and well-informed customersA food crisis linked with energy questions

The car industry is in crisisSaturated markets and new marketsNon-flexible production and marketing structuresStricter demands from customers/governments2500 $ carsInnovation:A major element in competitivenessHard to achieve (platforms, risk management)Major differences between needs and final productsImportance of the life cycle analysis

Life cycle analysisWell-to-wheel approachMulti-sector approachPublic-private responsibilityIndividual and NGO’S watch on

companies’s behavior and ‘green’ claimsIntegration of the 3R-V: reduce, re-use,

recycle, find new uses

3 categories of impact (energy production)

Negative(extraction of

production needed to produce energy)

Neutre(captures the

available energy)

Positive(diminishes energy

production)

• Petrol and oil• Natural gaz• Agrofuels• Coal• Nuclear

• Wind• Solar• Geothermy• Tides

• Waste• Lower consumption• Negawatts• Energy sharing

Nb km pour mêmes émissions CO2

Low-consumption hybrid High-consumption hybrid

«Plug-in made in Québec» «Plug-in» and motorwheels(concept)

Examples of electric propulsion cars

Hybrids and «plug-in»Hybrid technology now common but risks of

greenwashingPlug-in/motorwheel mostly at the R&D levelRestricted uses (i.e.: maximum speed: 40 km Zenn )Many sources for electric production

Hydro-electricityCoalNuclear

Multi-propulsion (concept)

Biogaz and natural gas (100 %)Petrol 15% /ethanol 85 %

Low petrol consumption

Examples of fuel propulsion cars

Ethanol Confusion between biofuels/agrofuelsMajor land use conflicts with agrofuelsSubsidies create market distortion (Canada/É-U):

mandatory 5 % and 10 % (Canada/Québec)Cellulose ethanol (farm/forest waste)Mandatory labelling (energy source, country,

environment,human rights)Importance of life cycle analysis

BiogasMultiple environmental solutionMultiple uses: heating, electricity and transportDouble replacement of petrol (green gas)Need of more expertise to capture and purifyNeed of many different kinds of

infrastructures(bioreactors/fuelling stations, special gas tanks in cars- bi-fuel)

Biofuel market threathened by the ethanol market (less infrastructures)

CO2 Emissions

2268

3120

1968

34563160

4464

2400

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Smartdiésel

Yaris Prius Golf TDI GrandCaravan

E85

Volvo S-60

Volvo S-60 bi-fuel

*Source: Natural Resources Canada 2006Gröna Bilister (Volvo bi-fuel)

Petrol consumption

0

5

10

15

20

Smart diésel Prius Grand Caravan E-85

Volvo S-60 bi-fuel *

4,67,1

47,5

18,5

10,9

0

3,85,8

4,02 5,1

12,5

7,4

0

ville

autoroute

Source: Natural Resources Canada 2006Gröna Bilister (Volvo bi-fuel)

City

Highway

Swedish law on ecocars50 % increase in sales in 2007Includes many vehicle types competing for the same marketsBased on CO2 ‘tailpipe’ emission and not well-to-wheel analysisNo concern for sustainable development

Local economy and innovative energy marketsPublic-private partnership, rural/urbanHuman rights (sugarcane from Brazil, Sénégal, etc.)

Parking and toll problemsBi-fuel market still growing even with the replacement of Volvo

‘bi-fuel’ by ethanol Flexifuel

The situation in QuébecEnergy production is exportedDamaged road infrastructuresNo car productionNo ecocar lawNatural gas infrastructures (mostly Gaz

Métro)

Need of a global vision

Public solutionsSupport local production for multi-uses energy:

ElectricityBiogas

Label energy sourcesDevelop multi-choice transportation based on confort:

Cost of petrol, toll and parking managementCar sharing/public transport/multi-modal links

Rethink the notion that highway are investissements and public transport are spendings

Private solutions (car industry)Lobby for higher safety and environmental norms (world-

level) Analyze and work on elements that hinder innovationUse lighter material and tiresRethink dealers’ profits methodologyPromote the enterprise and not only the productsGet involved in communities and in sustainable mobility

projects

Individual solutions(Low consumption, negawatts and sharing)

Buy smaller but safe carsRather than own a car, use car-sharing such as CommunAutoFind out about the fun of eco-driving and eco-maintenanceManage efficiently your needs of transport

Transport: a question of comfort!

Thank you!