Kinds of Union Kinds of Union ArrangementsArrangements

Four General Types of Union Four General Types of Union ArrangementsArrangements Closed ShopsClosed Shops

Employer agrees to only hire union membersEmployer agrees to only hire union members Taft-Hartley Act made closed shops illegalTaft-Hartley Act made closed shops illegal

Union ShopsUnion Shops Do not have to belong to be hiredDo not have to belong to be hired Must join soon after being hiredMust join soon after being hired Cannot require membership Cannot require membership

before 30 days of employment before 30 days of employment 21 states prohibit mandatory 21 states prohibit mandatory

union membership union membership

Kinds of Union Kinds of Union ArrangementsArrangements

Modified Union ShopsModified Union Shops Workers do not have to belong to a union to Workers do not have to belong to a union to

be hiredbe hired Cannot be made to join one to keep their jobsCannot be made to join one to keep their jobs If they choose to join, they must remain If they choose to join, they must remain

membersmembers Agency ShopsAgency Shops

Workers need not be union members to be Workers need not be union members to be hired or keep their jobshired or keep their jobs

Must pay dues to the unionMust pay dues to the union Nonunion workers are subject to contract Nonunion workers are subject to contract

negotiated by the unionnegotiated by the union

Collective BargainingCollective Bargaining Meeting between representatives for labor Meeting between representatives for labor

and managementand management Elected union officials represent laborersElected union officials represent laborers Company officials in charge of labor represent Company officials in charge of labor represent

managementmanagement Grievance procedures are usedGrievance procedures are used

Provision for resolving issuesProvision for resolving issues Mediation – 3Mediation – 3rdrd party trying to come up with a party trying to come up with a

solution both sides likesolution both sides like Neither side has to accept the mediator’s Neither side has to accept the mediator’s

recommendationrecommendation Arbitration – third party decision, which if finalArbitration – third party decision, which if final

Voluntary arbitration – both sides agree Compulsory Voluntary arbitration – both sides agree Compulsory arbitration – one side is forcedarbitration – one side is forced

Collective BargainingCollective Bargaining More Grievance ProceduresMore Grievance Procedures

Fact-FindingFact-Finding Agree to have a 3Agree to have a 3rdrd party investigate issues and party investigate issues and

recommend settlementsrecommend settlements Proves one side over anotherProves one side over another

Injunction and SeizureInjunction and Seizure Injunction – a court order not to actInjunction – a court order not to act

Can direct a union not to strikeCan direct a union not to strike Can direct a company not to lock out workersCan direct a company not to lock out workers

Seizure – government takes over operationsSeizure – government takes over operations Presidential InterventionPresidential Intervention

President will appeal to both sides of a disputePresident will appeal to both sides of a dispute