kinematics describes human movement in three-planes · pdf filekinematics describes human...

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Knee Joint Movement 101 -- Osteokinematics and Arthrokinematics There are two joints at the knee -- tibiofemoral and patellofemoral. The tibiofemoral joint experiences forces between the femur and tibia and operates as a modified hinge joint; whereas, the patellofemoral saddle joint operates primarily as an extensor mechanism to increase quadriceps leverage. Kinematics describes human movement in three-planes and three-axes. The relationship between a plane and its axis can be easily seen as plane/axis in the context of a 3D coordinate system.

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Page 1: Kinematics describes human movement in three-planes · PDF fileKinematics describes human movement in three-planes and three ... Osteokinematics pertains to the voluntary bone movements

KneeJointMovement101--OsteokinematicsandArthrokinematics

Therearetwojointsattheknee--tibiofemoralandpatellofemoral.Thetibiofemoraljointexperiencesforcesbetweenthefemurandtibiaandoperatesasamodifiedhingejoint;whereas,thepatellofemoral

saddlejointoperatesprimarilyasanextensormechanismtoincreasequadricepsleverage.

Kinematicsdescribeshumanmovementinthree-planesandthree-axes.

Therelationshipbetweenaplaneanditsaxiscanbeeasilyseenasplane/axisinthecontextofa3Dcoordinatesystem.

Page 2: Kinematics describes human movement in three-planes · PDF fileKinematics describes human movement in three-planes and three ... Osteokinematics pertains to the voluntary bone movements

Anexampleoftheseplanes/axesappliedtothekneejoint.

Page 3: Kinematics describes human movement in three-planes · PDF fileKinematics describes human movement in three-planes and three ... Osteokinematics pertains to the voluntary bone movements

Itisimperativetounderstandhowbonesmoveinrelationtojoints(Osteokinematics)andthemannerinwhichjointsurfacesmoveinrelationtoadjoiningjoint-surfaces(Arthrokinematics)tounderstandthe

complexityofkneefunction.

Osteokinematicspertainstothevoluntarybonemovementsatsynovialjointsrelativethejoints’centralaxisofrotation.

Thetibiofemoraljointisconsideredtriaxial,movinginthreeplanesaroundthreeaxes,givingitthree

degreesoffreedom–flexion/extension,adduction/abductionandinternal/externalrotation.

Page 4: Kinematics describes human movement in three-planes · PDF fileKinematics describes human movement in three-planes and three ... Osteokinematics pertains to the voluntary bone movements

Arthrokinematicsisconcernedwithhowjointsurfacesmoveinrelationtoeach-other–primarilyinvoluntaryroll,glideandspincharacteristicsthatensurestabilityandjointcongruenceduring

movement

Tibiofemoralroll&glidearenecessaryforeffectivetibiofemoralflexionandextension–withoutthemthelargerfemurwouldsimplyrolloffthetibiaand/orvice-versa.

Patellofemoralmovementsareprimarilyarthrokinematicbecauseitisasynovialglidejoint.

Page 5: Kinematics describes human movement in three-planes · PDF fileKinematics describes human movement in three-planes and three ... Osteokinematics pertains to the voluntary bone movements

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CombinedOsteokinematicandArthrokinematicMovementsoftheKneeJoint

CoronalTibiofemoralJoint

Page 6: Kinematics describes human movement in three-planes · PDF fileKinematics describes human movement in three-planes and three ... Osteokinematics pertains to the voluntary bone movements

SagittalTibiofemoralJointMovement

CoronalPatellofemoralJointMovement

Page 7: Kinematics describes human movement in three-planes · PDF fileKinematics describes human movement in three-planes and three ... Osteokinematics pertains to the voluntary bone movements

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