Number 32 November 2001

Lynn Boatner could be called the “king of covers,” but he’s not a supermodel. “Covers”

in this instance refers to the front covers of scholarlyjournals.

Images generated by Lynn and his colleagues inthe Solid State and Metals and Ceramics divisionshave graced many nationally and internationallydistributed scientific publications, and in someinstances, they have been featured in books and oncalendars.

“Scientifically interesting and aestheticallypleasing” is how Lynn, a Corporate Fellow re-searcher, describes the beautifully multi-huedmicroscopic images. Professional society journalsthat have featured these images include the Journalof the American Ceramic Society, Advanced Materi-als & Processes and Science. They’ve also beenincluded in a book about scientific images, in thetraveling Nikon “Small World” exhibit that was ondisplay this past summer at the American Museumof Science and Energy, and in the 1999 calendarfrom Buehler, Ltd., the world’s leading manufac-turer of metallographic equipment.

The color micrographs demonstrate the inherentbeauty in nature, even at microscopic resolution. Butthe eye appeal is a bonus.

Their real value is in the science they reveal. Thepictures of striking geometrical shapes—from orbsto polygons to fractals—are valuable investigativetools that help Lynn and fellow researchers analyzeexperiments and understand the processes respon-sible for their outcomes. They can show why anexperiment didn’t work, and they can reveal themechanisms behind a new material’s properties.

Lynn notes one instance where “microscopy waseverything.” In a 1994 experiment that anticipatedthe current drive toward nanophase materials, aseries of images from an experiment on thesintering of magnesium oxide nanoparticlesshowed why certain structures would notbond with particular contact geometries:Tenuous links at corners of the cubic crystalstructures were unstable and disappearedduring sintering. That series of electronmicroscope images showed the entire processand made the cover of the Journal of theAmerican Ceramic Society, one of a longstring in that publication.

Lynn’s earliest cover hit was a colorphotograph illustrating an article he co-authored with Solid State’s Brian Sales, whichmade the front of Science, one of the leading

scientific journals. “We discovered that by addingiron oxide to ordinary lead phosphate glass, which isnot very durable, it increased its durability by 104.We proposed atthe time that

Continuing a series of articles by members of theLab’s Leadership Team, Associate LaboratoryDirector Jim Roberto discusses the outlook of thePhysical Sciences Directorate.

BY JIM ROBERTO

For more than 50 years, Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory has had a strong tradition in the

physical sciences. This tradition has been docu-mented by broad impacts in many fields, includingneutron scattering, materials science and engineer-ing, condensed matter physics, chemical andanalytical science, and low-energy nuclearphysics—and by significant national and interna-tional recognition including the Nobel Prize, FermiPrize, E.O. Lawrence Award and more than 30R&D 100 Awards.

The physical sciences are central to DOE’smissions in science, energy, environment andnational security. DOE is the nation’s largest sup-porter of research in the physical sciences, and

Physical Sciences Directorate orients its capabilities to ORNL’s futureORNL is among DOE’s largest performers of thisresearch. The physical sciences directorate managesORNL’s core research programs in the physicalsciences, develops and operates unique research

facilities that support theseprograms and partners with otherdirectorates to provide an integra-tion of capabilities acrossdisciplines—an importantcompetitive advantage of thenational laboratories.

Over the next five years, ORNLwill see more investment inphysical sciences infrastructurethan at any other time in ourhistory. The major change will be

in neutron science, but initiatives are also under wayin nanoscale science and engineering, materials andchemical sciences and nuclear physics.

The Spallation Neutron Source and the upgradedHigh Flux Isotope Reactor will transform ORNL.

These are both billion-dollar facilities, and they areunique in the world. ORNL will become the world’sforemost center for neutron scattering research, afield with broad impacts in materials research,chemistry, fundamental physics, biology andengineering. Growing neutron scattering across theLaboratory is a high priority, and a Neutron ScienceDay addressing the new capabilities is being plannedfor the spring.

HFIR successfully completed its OperationalReadiness Review in October and is preparing toresume operations. The scheduled replacement ofthe reflector and cooling tower has been completed,and installation of new and upgraded neutronscattering instrumentation is under way. Construc-tion of the new cold guide hall will begin in the nextfew months, with installation of a high-performancecold neutron source and guide system to follow. Theintense steady-state neutron beams at HFIR willcomplement the pulsed neutron capabilities of SNS.

King of coversLynn Boatner and his colleagues produce images that scientific journal art directors love

Jim Roberto

(See PHYSICAL, page 2)

(See COVERS,back page)

LynnBoatner

2 November 2001

is published for the employees andretirees of Oak Ridge National Labora-tory, which is managed and operatedfor the U.S. Department of Energy byUT-Battelle.

Bill Cabage, editorPhone 574-4399E-mail cabagewh@ornl.gov

Deborah Barnes, associate editorPhone 576-0470E-mail barnesds@ornl.gov

fax: 574-1001

On the Web: www.ornl.gov/reporter

DOE Inspector General Hotline: 1-800-541-1625

In 1998, then Presidential Science Advisor NealLane described nanoscale science and engineeringas the “area of science and engineering that willmost likely produce the breakthroughs of tomor-row.” This emerging field is a high priority atORNL and is expected to have broad impacts acrossthe Laboratory. The focus of this activity will be a$65 million Center for Nanophase Materials

Sciences, one of three nanoscale science researchcenters recommended by DOE forFY 2003 construction funding.

The CNMS will provide 80,000 square feet oflaboratory and office space and state-of-the-artequipment for nanoscale science and engineering.The center will be located adjacent to SNS to takeadvantage of the unique nanocharacterizationcapabilities of neutron scattering and will include a

Nanofabrication Research Laboratory and aNanomaterials Theory Institute. More than 270scientists from 60 institutions attended a planningworkshop for the center October 24–26. Hundredsof researchers from ORNL, universities and otherinstitutions are expected to collaborate annually atthe center.

In materials sciences, ORNL’s Advanced Materi-als Characterization Laboratory will be constructedover the next 18 months. This facility, adjacent tothe High Temperature Materials Laboratory, will

house the next generation of highly sensitivemicroanalytical equipment, including two ofthe world’s highest-resolution electronmicroscopes. The next generation of analyti-cal equipment is a priority in the chemicalsciences. Both materials and chemicalsciences are involved in the development ofstate-of-the-art beam lines at the upgradedHFIR and the SNS.

In nuclear physics, plans are under way fora fundamental neutron physics beam line atSNS, and a neutrino physics laboratory hasbeen proposed to take advantage of theintense pulsed neutrino beams available at thefacility. Plans are also being developed toupgrade the Holifield Radioactive Ion BeamFacility as a bridge to the next-generationradioactive ion beam facility.

The physical sciences agenda for the nextfive years is aggressive but achievable,provided we focus our resources and fully

involve our partners. Laboratory-Directed R&D andprogram development investments have alreadypaid off in positioning the Laboratory for thenanoscience center and in winning more than$10 million in new nanoscale science researchprograms over the next several years. Similarfocused investments are strengthening neutronscience, materials science, chemistry and nuclearphysics. Collaborative outreach to other DOE

programs and to university partners is providingleverage and broadening impacts. The outcome willbe a Laboratory with unsurpassed capabilities inkey areas of physical science for DOE and thenation.

ORNL’s proposed Center for Nanophase MaterialsSciences (foreground) will join the complex of buildings atthe Spallation Neutron Source, putting the Lab at theforefront of an emerging field of science.

PhysicalContinued from page 1

Team UT-Battelle volunteers are making theirmark on several major charitable events and

activities this fall.At the October 20 Susan G. Komen Breast

Cancer Foundation Race for the Cure, 169 TeamUT-Battelle members participated, winning thefirst-place award in the “largest corporate team”category. Team co-chairs were Wendell Ely andNina Roberts. Close to 10,000 people took part inthat event, held on the University of Tennesseecampus in Knoxville.

Team UT-Battelle was also a strong presence inthe American Diabetes Association’s 2.5-mileWalk for Diabetes, held the following day. The500-plus participants raised $70,000—Team UT-Bhad 100 participants and turned in about $10,000.In addition, UT-Battelle made a corporate contribu-tion of $3,000. ORNL Director Bill Madia servedas general chairman of the walk.

Team UT-Battelle is also delving into the finearts. A call went out for volunteer stagecraftworkers for the Oak Ridge Playhouse’s upcomingproduction of Peter Pan, which runs November 22through December 2. ORNL’s Bob Wham hasenlisted Team UT-Battelle support for the currentseason of productions for both the playhouse andjunior playhouse, and volunteers are still needed.

Finally, Team UT-B’s Habitat for Humanityproject is now a home for a Heiskell family, a scantfive months after the project began. See the LabNotes item on page 3.

If you’d like to participate in Team UT-Battelleprojects or have a project or cause that you thinkthe team might be able to help, contact BillPardue, 576-0235, or Brenda Hackworth,574-4160.—B.C.

Team UT-Battellevolunteers arrive inforce at local events

ORNL Reporter reader StanHeath is a radiological controltechnician in the OperationalSafety Services Division. Heworks in Building 3019’sRadiochemical DevelopmentFacility.

Cur

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ORNL, was closed to all trucks except those thathave direct business with the Lab on October 30following consultation with DOE.

Trucks affected are defined as all vehicles largerthan a pickup truck or those towing a trailer. Theroad will remain closed to trucks indefinitely.Personal vehicles will still be permitted on BethelValley Road.

The decision is one of a number of securityactions taken following the September 11 terroristattacks.

Bethel Valley Rd. closed to trucks

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 3

Write it downMark Dobbs more or less sits in the captain’s

chair of ORNL’s central computing facility. As thefacility’s manager, he holds a key position in theLab’s shift to “paperless” business and communica-tions over the past decade. The Building4500-North facility runs the Lab’s scientificcomputing and business administration computing,databases, e-mail… you name it. If things getunplugged in central computing, the on-line Labpretty much comes to a standstill.

For that reason, the facility staff keeps a scrupu-lous record of daily routine operations andmaintenance—or just about anything worth noting,including visits by dignitaries. Ironically, in thefacility that has moved ORNL toward electronicoperations, those notes are handwritten in a log-book—just like notes were written when they builtthis place. Just like Columbus used, for that matter.

“The shift log book was started back in the 1960sas a good way to do business,” Mark, an SAICemployee, says. “It’s since been incorporated intoour conduct of operations. It’s valuable for the 12-hour shift workers who come back from longbreaks—they can catch up with what’s happened.”

The logbook, now into its 35th volume, is ahistorical record of just about everything significantthat’s ever happened—computerwise—at ORNL. Itnotes when the workhorsePDP10—the machine that wassystem number one on the old“system select network”—wasshut down, on Dec. 10, 1994. Itnotes when ORNL’s e-mailsystem went down for a day ortwo and when the Lab’s firsttrendsetting supercomputer, theIntel Paragon, was delivered.

It’s all right there. Writtendown on paper. Kind of makesyou think.

ORNL’s own modern marvelsThose who make Modern

Marvels part of their nightly TVfare may soon see some familiarfaces on it. The show is getting

together an episode on theManhattan Project—and gettingthat story obviously involves atrip to Oak Ridge.

ORNL veterans Don Traugerand John Gillette recentlyfilmed a session for the show atthe Graphite Reactor Museum.John, who once directed the

Isotopes Division, described hisrole loading uranium into the

fabled reactor when it first went criticalon the morning of Nov. 4, 1943. Donshared memories from his five-decadecareer in nuclear energy technology,including his first research efforts atORNL involving K-25’s gaseous diffusionprocess.

It’s not the first time a cable-TV produc-tion has used Oak Ridge and the GraphiteReactor for a backdrop. British historianJames Burke filmed an episode here for hisDiscovery Channel Connections2 series back in1993.

ORNL Director Emeritus Alvin Weinberg andLab Director Bill Madia were interviewed for theHistory Channel show at Weinberg’s home on theridge. Six other interviewees gave accounts of lifeand work in Oak Ridge during the Manhattan years.Whatever makes the final cut, it should be aninteresting show. Check local listings.

Moving day arrives for HFH coupleTeam UT-Battelle’s Habitat for Humanity house,

a project that began in May, was dedicated onOctober 20. The structure, located in the Heiskellcommunity with a priceless view of theCumberlands, represents the toil of up to 250volunteers from around a dozen ORNL divisions,who helped a regular crew of Habitat volunteerswith the construction.

Jerry and EllenGoodman, formerly ofOliver Springs,contributed their own“sweat equity” andwill own and occupythe home with theirdaughter Ellie, who istickled with her newWinnie-the-Pooh bluebedroom. TheGoodmans receivedthe keys, a tool kit anda Bible from the TeamUT-Battelle organizersled by Jim and BrendaHackworth.

Team UT-Battelle’sparticipation in theHabitat build came asthe result of a chal-lenge by Lab

Modernization Project Director Tim Myrick, whoproposed that UT-Battelle match a $15,000 contri-bution from Tim and his wife, Teresa. Half ofUT-B’s $15,000 went to the Habitat build, and therest was applied to the Aid to Distressed Families ofAppalachian Counties project that refurbishesexisting houses.

“The Habitat organization commented on howsmoothly this build went,” says Tim. “We hadgood-sized, dedicated crews whenever needed, andthey didn’t have to bring in professionals to fixmuch of what we had done!”

The Team UT-Battelle project was the 23rd homebuilt by the Anderson County Habitat organization,and it was a project that went safely.

“Probably the most amazing aspect of this buildwas that none of the Team UT-Battelle volunteersgot hurt or hurt each other during the construction,”Tim says. “We should also feel good that Lee(Riedinger) only ruined one power tool.”

United Way goal topped againORNL staff members have again pushed the

annual ORNL United Way campaign over its goal.The goal for the August 1–September 14 drive for2001 was $565,000. By the close of the campaign,the total raised was $601,181.98, marking 106percent of the goal. UT-Battelle Corporationcontributed an additional $55,000, includingdesignations of $19,100 for Anderson County and$20,300 for Knox County, making the grand total$656,181.98.

Calling this year’s campaign “a great teameffort,” ORNL campaign chairman Harvey Grayexpresses his sincere thanks to “all—the campaigncommittee, division coordinators, solicitors, and,especially, you, the contributors—for making thecampaign a success.”

Reported by Bill Cabage

Jerry, Ellen and Ellie Goodman (withHabitat for Humanity official HeideCroce) now live in their home inHeiskell.

ORNL veterans John Gillette (left) and Don Trauger(seated) ham it up for the Modern Marvels camera crew onlocation at the Graphite Reactor Museum.

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4 November 2001

Art of the possibleNational Security Directorate’s trio explores a cornucopia of Oak Ridge technologies

All three are retired colonels, so they are well versed in the role science and technology play

in warfare and national security. For the past threemonths the former Army officers have been learninghow well ORNL can plug into the national securitymission’s ever-increasing S&T needs and require-ments.

The task of effectively applying new ideas andcapabilities to national defense has attained a new-found urgency.

“ORNL is an untapped resource for the Depart-ment of Defense and other U.S. governmentagencies,” says Rich Stouder, who recently com-pleted, along with his compatriots Bob Leicht andGary Steimer, an intensive orientation they refer toas “boot camp.”

The boots actually “hit the road running” aboutthree months ago in support of a U.S Army programcalled Objective Force Warrior, a Defense Depart-ment initiative to explore “technologies the soldier ofthe near future will need to be dominant on thebattlefields of the future.”

The events of September 11 have added timelinessto their task. Since that day, the three have beenworking on a plan to demonstrate how Oak Ridgetechnologies can assist in counterterrorism, cyberwarfare and homeland security.

In fact, shortly after the terrorist attacks, theNational Security Directorate asked Lab researchersto “apply your creativity” toward technologies forthe fight against terrorism. The respondents filled anauditorium and their deliberations resulted in a thickbook of ideas and proposals.

Last month Associate Lab Director for National

Security Frank Akers and ORNL Corporate FellowsCouncil Chairman Tom Wilbanks invited Labresearchers to a series of brainstorming sessions,organized into subject areas, to gather innovativeideas. That’s where the work will really start for thethree ex-colonels and their colleagues, who includeDick Davis, Harvey Gray, Vivian Baylor and ArtClemons.

“We have to figure out when and where thesetechnologies might apply to this long-term fight,develop a marketing plan for them and tailor thatplan for each customer—the Immigration andNaturalization Service, FBI or Defense Department,for instance,” says Bob.

The three were invited by Akers to come asadvocates and business developers for ORNL to theDefense Department and other government agencies.“We’ve all enjoyed this transition from our previous

careers to the life and community surrounding OakRidge,” says Rich.

NSD’s Tim Vane set up the boot camp, anintensive introduction to ORNL’s technologicalcapabilities. They spent a week in October goingthrough the Lab, talking to different directors andprincipal investigators, or PIs—the researchers wholead the projects.

“We consider ourselvesin direct support of the PIs,to assess their technolo-gies, see if there is acustomer and then matchthem up to bring thoseapplications home,” Bobsays.

The Army’s ObjectiveForce Warrior programrepresents a new approachby the military in goingoutside for new technolo-gies that can be applied onthe battlefields of the newcentury. It has becomereadily apparent that manytraditional concepts ofwarfare no longer apply.

Says Bob, with justenough militaryspeak:“Our ultimate objective isto see if there are ‘leapahead’ technologies that can create a force over-match that makes the U.S. soldier far superior. Healready is, but we want to see how we can stretch

that overmatch with potential andfuture adversaries. An open aim is toexpose a group of outside experts to the‘art of the possible’—in technologicalterms in the next 5 to 10 years—ofwhat can be adopted for use by the

Army.”Rich characterizes Oak Ridge’s participation in

Objective Force Warrior as a seminal event. “Thechief scientist for the Army went to a science andtechnology center—Oak Ridge—and asked for anoutside-the-Army look at Objective Force War-rior—help the Army learn the art of the possiblewith a fresh set of eyes.”

The three note that forging links with nationalsecurity is not new to ORNL. Their presence doesrepresent a stronger thrust toward establishing thosevital relationships and discovering where thetechnologies and needs fit together. “There arepeople here who have done this job before and arestill doing it,” Bob says. “We’re here to help focusthe effort back to the Department of Defense andother agencies. We’ve doubled the National Secu-rity Directorate’s capacity here in terms of

Work-For-Others business development.”Those efforts are targeted toward continuing and

building on ORNL’s prestige and reputation with itscustomer base—raising consciousness of thecapabilities the Oak Ridge complex represents, bothfor its intellectual capital and in bringing togetherdiverse competencies.

“We’d only been here acouple of weeks when wewere tasked to go out andfind ORNL matches for 20technologies,” Garyrecounts. “These PIs wereamazing. They not onlydescribed their own butwent out and found othersin the research communi-ties. The capabilities thatare available here are trulyamazing.”

Gary, Rich and Bobrepresent nearly 100 yearsof military experience.Says Gary: “We’ve allexperienced instances inour careers where we’vesaid, ‘Boy, if we just hadthis, we could solve thisproblem.’ In the short timewe’ve been here we’veseen those opportunities

jumping up all over the place. We see things thatcould solve problems, in time, that we faced whenwe were on active duty.”

Some of the ORNL technologies the trio notes arein the areas of logistical systems and in softwaresuch as CFAST. This system for the first timeallows a commander to build and rapidly deploy amilitary force with the necessary coordination oftroops, equipment and supplies—an extremelycomplicated task—in an integrated fashion, and onthe fly. “In the old days,” says Bob, “you loaded anairplane with a diagram and little cutouts of trucksand supplies that you fit together.”

They also cite ORNL’s chem-bio detectionresearch, thermal management technologies such asgraphite foam, wireless sensor technology, ultra-wideband communications systems and scalableweapons such as frangible ammunition and vari-able-speed bullets.

“The PI’s are at the nucleus of everything we do.They are the heart of the Lab. We’ve come to learnthat very quickly,” Gary says, speaking for thegroup.”

“Especially since September 11, there is a tremen-dous amount of patriotism that runs through theLab,” says Rich. “Those scientists truly want tocontribute their science to the nation.”—B.C.

The National Security Directorate’s newtriumvirate are (from left) Bob Leicht, GarySteimer and Rich Stouder.

“We see things that could solve problems, in time,that we faced when we were on active duty.”

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory 5

2000 BenefitPlansSummary AnnualReportPlan Participants and Beneficiaries:

(The 2000 benefit plans report has been prepared in accordance withinstruction from the U.S. Department of Labor and is required by theEmployee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.)

This report summarizes the annual reports of the benefit plansprovided by the sponsoring employers, BWXT Y-12, L.L.C. (EmployerIdentification Number: 54-1987297) and UT-Battelle, L.L.C. (EmployerIdentification Number: 62-1788235). The report is written in languagespecified under regulations prepared by the U.S. Department of Labor.

The sponsoring employers offered benefit plans under three structuresduring calendar year 2000. The qualified retirement and savings plansare multiple employer plans, with both employers participating andunder an administrative services agreement, BWXT Y-12, L.L.C.serving as the plan sponsor and plan administrator. Five health andwelfare plans (The Group Health Plan, The Dental Assistance Plan, TheGroup Life Plan, The Special Accident Plan, and the Travel AccidentPlan) were provided under a Multiple Employer Welfare Agreement,with an administrative services agreement that has BWXT Y-12, L.L.C.serving as the plan administrator. The individual companies sponsoredseparate health and welfare plans for Long Term Disability, EmployeeAssistance, Education Assistance, Cafeteria Plan and a Severance Planfor Salaried Employees.

Complete annual reports for all the offered plans have been filed withthe Internal Revenue Service as required by the Employee RetirementIncome Security Act of 1974.

Summary Annual ReportMultiple Employer Plans

Retirement Program Plan for Employees of Certain Employers of theU.S. Department of Energy Facilities at Oak Ridge, Tennessee (TheRetirement Plan).

The following is a summary of the annual report for the RetirementPlan for 2000.

Basic financial statementBenefits under the plan are provided by group annuity contracts and

separate trust investment accounts. Plan expenses were $149,682,394.These expenses include $128,962,777 paid to participants andbeneficiaries and $20,719,617 in administrative expenses. A total of22,502 persons were participants in or beneficiaries of the plan at theend of the plan year, although not all of these persons had yet earned theright to receive benefits.

The value of plan assets after subtracting liabilities of the plan, were$2,858,201,427 as of December 31, 2000, compared to $2,845,771,334as of January 1, 2000. During the year, the plan experienced an increaseof $12,430,093. The plan had total income of $237,219,895, includingearnings from investments. During the plan year, the plan transferred$75,107,408 to other pension plans.

The plan has contracts with the Metropolitan Life InsuranceCompany and the Prudential Insurance Company of America thatguarantee the liabilities of all participants retiring before July 1998. Theassets of the plan are invested in Separate Accounts of the insurancecompanies or in separate trust accounts in accordance with the contractterms.

Minimum funding standardsAn actuary’s statement shows that enough money was contributed to

the plan to keep it funded in accordance with the minimum fundingstandards.

Your right to additional informationParticipants have the right to receive a copy of the full annual report,

or any part of it, upon request. The items listed below are included inthat report.

• an accountant’s report• assets held for investment• insurance information

• actuarial information regarding the funding of the plan• transactions in excess of five percent of plan assets

Savings Program for Employees of Certain Employ-ers at the U.S. Department of Energy Facilities atOak Ridge, Tennessee (The Savings Plan)

This is a summary of the annual report of the Savings Plan for2000, including basic financial statements.

Benefits under the Savings Plan are provided by a trust fund. Planexpenses were $100,988,149; including benefits paid to participantsof $100,228,042 and administrative expenses of $760,107. A total of10,877 were participants in or beneficiaries of the Plan at the end ofthe plan year, although not all these persons had yet earned the rightto receive company matching contributions.

The value of plan assets as of December 31, 2000, after subtractingliabilities of the plan, was $1,023,397,618 compared to$1,024,206,373 as of January 1, 2000. During the year, the planexperienced a decrease in net assets of ($808,755). This decreaseincludes the unrealized appreciation or depreciation in the value of theplan assets; that is the difference between the value of plan assets atthe end of the year and the value of assets at the beginning of the yearor the cost of assets acquired during the year. The plan had totalincome of $118,129,628; including employer contributions of$15,345,166; employee contributions of $39,604,162; realized andunrealized gains of $31,916,101; and other earnings from investmentsof $31,264,199. Transfers to other plans totaled ($17,950,234) duringthe year.

Your right to additional informationParticipants have the right to receive a copy of the full annual

report, or any part of it, upon request. The items listed below areincluded in that report.

• an accountant’s report• assets held for investment• transactions in excess of five percent of plan assets

Multiple Employer Welfare Agreement (MEWA)Under this agreement, the participating employers jointly offer

health and welfare plans. Insurance policies for the plans included inthe MEWA are held in trust by the Oak Ridge Insurance BenefitTrust. This is a summary of the plans included in the MEWA.

Group Health PlanThe health plan operates under contracts between the participating

employers and various health care providers which include trueinsurance contracts (premiums paid for services provided) and otherinsurance arrangements that require that the participating companieswill supply funds for the payment of all claims due under the terms ofthe contracts, up to a specified maximum determined each plan year.For the plan year 2000, the maximum was $57,208,267. Thecompanies share the cost of the group health plans with theparticipants by charging premiums to the employees.

For the plan year ended December 31, 2000, the total premiumspaid were $34,261,451, the total claims paid were $74,510,546 andadministrative expenses were $899,565. $22,127,180 of funds wereprovided by employees to pay these claims and expenses and$88,444,382 was provided by the employers.

The financial statements of the Group Health Plan also reflect thepostretirement benefit obligations of the employers. This obligationrepresents the present value of future benefits to be paid to coveredparticipants. The benefit obligation is determined by the planactuaries. As of December 31, 2000, the benefit obligation was$721,149,440 as compared to the benefit obligation at January 1,2000 of $707,767,087. The increase in benefit obligation of$13,382,353 is attributed to a change in benefit obligation of$13,331,000 and an increase in claims incurred but not yet reported of$51,353.

Group Life PlanThe group life plan operates under true insurance contracts

between the participating employers and Metropolitan Life InsuranceCompany. The companies share the cost of the group life plan withthe participants by charging premiums to the employees.

For the plan year ended December 31, 2000, the total premiumspaid were $3,284,149. $2,583,894 of funds were provided byemployees to pay these claims and $700,255 was provided by theemployers. Actual claims incurred and charged by the insurancecompany totaled $6,358,242. The insurance company released$4,306,106 of the Premium Stabilization Reserve during the year.

The financial statements of the Group Life Plan also reflect thepostretirement benefit obligations of the employers. This obligation

represents the present value of future benefits to be paid to coveredparticipants. The benefit obligation is determined by the plan actuaries.As of December 31, 2000, the benefit obligation was $97,506,000 ascompared to the benefit obligation at January 1, 2000 of $97,235,000.The increase in benefit obligation of $271,000 is attributed to a changein benefit obligation.

Additional MEWA PlansThis is a summary of the Dental Assistance Plan, The Special

Accident Plan and The Travel Accident Plan. The plans have contractswith the insurance companies as indicated and the insurance companiesare obligated to pay all claims incurred under the terms of thecontracts.

Plan Name Insurance Total premium Total claimsprovider paid in 2000 paid in 2000

Dental Metropolitan $ 4,958,076 $ 6,014,941assistance Life Ins. Co.plan of North America

Travel Life Insurance $ 17,250 0accident Co. of Northplan America

Special Life Insurance $492,169 $ 88,615accident Co. of Northinsurance Americaplan

Plans maintained separately by the sponsoringcompanies

BWXT Y-12, L.L.C.In addition to the multiple employer plans above, BWXT Y-12,

L.L.C. sponsors the following Plans: Special Medical Plans for LMUSRetirees, Long Term Disability Plan, Cafeteria Plan, EmployeeAssistance Plan, Educational Assistance Plan, Prescription Drug Plan(financial data included in The Group Health Plan) and The SeverancePlan for Salaried Employees.

Annual reports are filed for each of these plans.

UT-Battelle, L.L.C.In addition to the multiple employer plans above, UT-Battelle,

L.L.C. sponsors the following Plans: Prescription Drug Plan (financialinformation is included in The Group Health Plan), Cafeteria Plan,Long Term Disability Plan, Employee Assistance Plan, EducationalAssistance Plan and The Severance Plan for Salaried Employees.

Annual reports are filed for each of these plans.

For more detailed informationTo obtain a copy of the full or partial annual reports for the

insurance plans, retirement program plan or savings program, write toPlans Administrator: BWXT Y-12, L.L.C., 104 Union Valley Road,Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6497. Copying costs are 25 cents per individualpage; $4 for the complete insurance plans; $5 for each savings planannual report; and $10 for the entire retirement program plan annualreport.

With regard specifically to the retirement program plan and savingsplans, participants have the right to receive from the plan administrator,on request and at no charge, a statement of the assets and liabilities ofthe plan and accompanying notes, a statement of income and expensesof the plan and accompanying notes, or both.

For each participant requesting a copy of the full annual report,these two statements and accompanying notes will be included as partof that report. The copying cost previously mentioned does not includea charge for duplicating these portions of the report because they arefurnished without charge.

Participants also have the legally protected right to examine theinsurance, savings or retirement program plan annual reports at themain office, located at 104 Union Valley Road, Rm. 126, Oak Ridge,Tenn., and at the U.S. Department of Labor in Washington, D.C.

Participants also may obtain copies from the U.S. Department ofLabor upon payment of copying costs. Requests to the Department ofLabor should be addressed to: Public Disclosure Room, N4677,Pension and Welfare Benefit Programs, Frances Perkins Department ofLabor Building, 200 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC20216.

6 November 2001

The Stars and Stripes, never out of vogue, are hotfashion nowadays, adorning offices, t-shirts,

mailboxes and pickup trucks. But flying the colorsentails certain responsibilities and protocols. Itwouldn’t be a bad time to review what every Boy orGirl Scout knows about caring for and showingrespect for the nation’s emblem.

Our flag information was gathered from a NationalFlag Foundation pamphlet, Our Flag, the Sons ofUnion Veterans of the Civil War Website(suvcw.org/flag.htm) and consultation with KayeJohnson, ORNL’s nearest thing to a vexillologist.

Care and handlingHold the flag carefully. Never

let it touch the ground, floor,water or merchandise.

There is a certain way to foldthe flag—a two-person operationresulting in a triangular shapewith only the stars showing.

Always carry the flag aloft andfree. Never fly or carry ithorizontally.

Keep the flag clean. Never letit become torn, soiled or dam-aged.

Worn or damaged flags shouldbe disposed of in a dignifiedmanner, preferably by burning.Old Glory should never berelegated to the landfill.

The flag must never be usedfor advertising purposes. Neverembroider it on household itemsor pieces of clothing. It shouldnever be used as part of acostume or athletic uniform.However, it is proper to attach aflag patch to the uniform ofmilitary personnel, firefighters,police and members of patrioticorganizations, provided the patchis properly affixed.

Displaying the bannerOn a wall, the flag should be displayed with the

blue field to the observer’s top left.Always display the flag with the blue star field up.

The flag is to be flown upside down only as adistress signal.

Displayed with other countries in the UnitedStates, it should be displayed “to its own right”(observer’s left). In times of peace, no nation’s flagshould be higher than another’s.

With subordinate flags, such as state flags, the U.S.flag should be at the center and should be highest onthe staff. The only state flag allowed to be flown ashigh as the U.S. flag is that of Texas, because it wasonce a sovereign nation.

When flown on a staff, the flag should be hoistedbriskly and lowered ceremoniously.

Unless it’s an “all-weather” flag, it should not beflown in bad weather. Unless it is properly illumi-nated, it should be lowered at night.

The flag should not be draped over the hood, top,sides or back of a vehicle. When the flag is dis-played on a motorcar, the staff must be fixed firmlyto the chassis or clamped to the right front fender.

The flag is traditionally flown at half-staff onlyupon the death of a prominent federal or stategovernment figure. However, changes in the flagcode in 1976 offer much leeway. Essentially, it is

flown at half staff byPresidential order. Whenflown at half staff, it shouldbe raised to the peak for aninstant and then lowered tothe halfway point of themast.

There are myriad intricaterules about various ways todisplay the flag. A good ruleof thumb is that, on Ameri-can soil, it should never besuperceded by any otherbanner.

Showing respectFlag pins, currently very

popular, should be worn onthe left lapel, close to theheart.

Face the flag with the righthand placed over the heartwhen it is is raised orlowered, when the pledge ofallegiance is recited, whenthe national anthem is playedand when it passes in review.

This may be one of themost-often ignored proto-cols: Men’s hats and other

headdress, including and especially ball caps, shouldbe removed and held in the right hand, which is thenplaced above the heart, any time the pledge ofallegiance is recited, when the national anthem isplayed and when the colors pass by during proces-sions or parades, including the Santa Claus parade.

The flag code appears to discourage disposablerenditions of the banner, such as those printed onpaper napkins or boxes. However, “toy” flags, suchas those reproduced on newsprint and mounted ontoothpicks, are commonly accepted. While notsubject to as stringent a code as an authentic U.S.Flag, they should be accorded the same due respectand treatment as the national emblem.

Fly your flag any time. Fly it properly. Fly itproudly. —B.C.

Colors coordinatedDisplay and care for the Stars and Stripes properly

ORNLpeople

Members of the ORNL ProtectiveForce raise the flag during a pastVeterans Day ceremony.

ORNL’s Values Committee is entering its holidaymode. The committee organized a special

Veterans’ Day program at the Lab on November 8.A Thanksgiving Food Drive runs through Novem-

ber 15. Food collected in boxes at various locationswill be delivered to families in need.

For Christmas, the committee is again sponsoringan Angel Tree, through which employees canvolunteer to purchase gifts for needy children fromthe surrounding counties. Last year ORNL employ-ees purchased gifts for 181 children in the area. Thisyear they would like to help even more kids have agood Christmas. For details on these projects, see theValues homepage at home.ornl.gov/values.

Values kicks off holiday programs

Ward Plummer, distinguished scientist in theSolid State Division and distinguished professor ofphysics at the University of Tennessee, has earnedthe 2001 Medard W. Welch Award from the Ameri-can Vacuum Society. The award is the highest honorpresented by the society.

Ron Klueh of the Metals and Ceramics Divisionrecently published the book, High-ChromiumFerritic and Martensitic Steels for Nuclear Applica-tions (American Society for Testing and Materials,West Conshohocken, PA, 2001), with co-authorDonald R. Harries.

Marie Walsh, currently of the EnvironmentalSciences Division, won the Science and Technologycategory at this year’s Knoxville YWCA Tribute toWomen. Two other ORNL staff members, PatriciaHu (EST Division) and Betty Mansfield (LifeSciences Division), were finalists in that category.Marie is an internationally renowned researcher onbiomass energy systems.

Former ORNL researcher and National Medal ofTechnology winner Bill Manly has given theUniversity of Notre Dame $350,000. Two endow-ments establish the William D. Manly Award forExcellence in Materials Research, which willrecognize one undergraduate and one graduatestudent annually, and the William D. Manly Endow-ment for Excellence in Material Research, to supportthe university’s new engineering building.

Two journal articles published last year by ORNLauthors are included among a group of six listed bythe editor of the American Chemical Society journalEnergy & Fuels that illustrate the quality and impactof papers published in the journal. Principal authorsare Jonathan Woodward, Phillip Britt and A.C.Buchanan, all from the Chemical Sciences Divi-sion. Jonathan contributed to the article, “EnzymaticHydrogen Production: Conversion of RenewableResources for Energy Production”; Phillip and A.C.contributed to “Impact of Restricted Mass Transporton Pyrolysis Pathways for Aryl Ether ContainingLignin Model Compounds.”

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 7

ServiceAnniversariesNovember 2001

45 years: Rodney W. Knight, Research Reactors43 years: Althea S. Tate, Physics

35 years: Linda A. Dockery, Nuclear Science &Technology; J. C. Mitchell, Health Services

30 years: Stephanie B. Floyd, EnvironmentalSciences; Debbie S. Queener, Nuclear Science &Technology; Kaye F. Russell, Metals & Ceramics

25 years: James R. Beene and Dan Shapira, Physics;Thomas B. Conley, Pat B. Fox, Sharon K.Lichtenwalter and Jennifer B. Manneschmidt,Nuclear Science & Technology; Gary W. Kelly,Operational Safety Services; Helmut E. Knee,Engineering Science & Technology; Ronny D.Lomax and Michael R. Rogers, Metals & Ceramics;Kathy F. Rosenbalm, Spallation Neutron SourceProject; Gerald L. Scott, Engineering; Ronnie K.Shockley, Craft Resources

20 years: Allen E. Ekkebus, SNS ExperimentalFacilities; Wayne H. Gregory, Craft Resources;Christy W. Griffith, Business & Information ServicesDir; Brenda A. Johnson, Networking & ComputingTechnologies; David A. Rasmussen, Fusion Energy

UT-Battelle is committed to performing its business activities with the highest standards

of integrity, honesty and professional compe-tency. As a UT-Battelle employee, you play animportant role in our commitment to maintainingthe highest business standards through yourindividual commitment to excellence.

Further, you have the responsibility to providenotice of inappropriate activities which threatenour joint dedication to integrity in the workplaceand which may prevent us from meeting theexpectations of DOE and our other customers.

For work done under the DOE contract, UT-Battelle employees have a number of options forexpressing their concerns about activities theymay view as inappropriate on the job. Anyemployee with information about alleged fraud,waste, abuse, corruption or mismanagementrelating to DOE programs, operations, funds orcontracts may provide information directly to thefollowing.

• Scott Branham, director of the Audit andManagement Advisory Services Directorate(241-7614 or home.ornl.gov/offices/audit_management_advisory_services/).

• The Office of Inspector General (IG), 1-800-541-1625. The toll-free hotline number isoperated 24 hours a day to permit immediateaccess by any employee.

• The DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office. TheORO point of contact for filing a complaint,

making a disclosure, or receiving additionalinformation on how to file a complaint is themanager, Diversity Programs and EmployeeConcerns, Oak Ridge (576-4988).

In addition, ethics inquiries may be directed toSteve Stow, Quality of Work Life coordinator andOmbudsman, 576-7802, or to Scott Branham, aspreviously listed. Employees who believe theirhealth or safety concerns have not been addressedafter being reported through normal channels mayprovide that information to the IG or to KellyBeierschmitt, director of Environment, Safety,Health, and Quality (241-7600).

All such disclosures may be made without fearof employer reprisal. Employees are entitled toprovide information to DOE, Congress, or UT-Battelle concerning violations of law; danger tohealth and safety; or matters involving misman-agement, gross waste of funds or abuse ofauthority. Employees are also free to refuse toengage in illegal or dangerous activities which theemployee believes to be unsafe; to violate laws,rules or regulations; or to involve fraud, misman-agement, waste or abuse.

Also, it is important that all employees workcooperatively with internal and external auditorsand investigators.

Scott BranhamAudit and Management Advisory ServiceDirectorate

Report your concerns

ORNL Reporter received word of the recentdeaths of two ORNL retirees. James Richard TarrantII died on August 12 in Oak Ridge. He was 75.During his career as a scientist that included 34years of service at ORNL, he participated with agroup that identified the 104th element on theperiodic chart, known as unnilquadium orrutherfordium, and worked in the transuraniumresearch laboratory.

Charles Martin Blood died on September 30. Hehad lived in Oak Ridge since the 1940s and workedat ORNL for 23 years as an associate researchchemist. He was a contributing author on severalpublications.

The Department of Labor and DOE have estab-lished an Energy Employees Compensation

Resource Center in Oak Ridge to assist current orformer workers who have suffered from exposure toberyllium, silica or radiation while working forDOE, its contractors or subcontractors in the nuclearweapons industry.

The Energy Employees Occupational IllnessCompensation Program Act was passed in October2000 and went into effect on July 31, 2001. Itprovides $150,000 in lump-sum compensation, aswell as related medical expenses. For the Oak Ridgearea, the work locations are X-10, K-25 and Y-12.

Diseases covered include cancer caused byradiation, chronic beryllium disease and chronicsilicosis. If you had cancer and are currently inremission, you can also file. In addition, medicalmonitoring is provided for workers with berylliumsensitivity.

If you are a surviving spouse and/or dependentchild of a worker who died of one of these diseases,you may be eligible for compensation.

Current or former workers or survivors may beeligible to file a request for review by a medicalpanel. If approved, DOE will provide assistance in

filing a claim for compensation with the appropriatestate workers’ compensation system.

Assistance for this program is being provided toclaimants at the Energy Employees CompensationResource Center, located at 800 Oak Ridge Turnpike,Suite C-103, Jackson Plaza Office Complex. Phone(865) 481-0411 or toll-free at 1-866-481-0411 forinformation or to schedule an appointment.

Office established for compensation claim assistance

Two retired researchers die

Benefits Delivery’s open enrollment for the dental and medical plans began on October 22

and continues through Nov. 16, 2001. Employeeswishing to make any change in their dental ormedical participation should do so during thisperiod. Appropriate changes include adding eligibledependents, switching medical plan options(CIGNA or Healthsource) or changing tax status(before- or after-tax). For employees who take noaction, current participation will be continued incalendar year 2002.

Employees who wish to participate in the FlexibleSpending Accounts (dependent care or health care)must submit new forms. Participation in these plansdoes not automatically continue from year to year.Employees may contribute up to $5,000 in eachaccount annually.

Employees and retirees received letters at homewith details on the open enrollment. Call OneCall,574-1500, with any Benefits questions.

Benefits’ open enrollmentwraps up November 16

DeathsKenneth L. Walker, of the Nuclear Science and

Technology Division, died on October 25. He livedin Oak Ridge. Kenneth worked in the RemoteSystems Development group in the former Roboticsand Process Systems Division.

PRSRT STDU.S. Postage

PAIDPermit #37Powell, TN

P.O. Box 2008Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6146

Inside

Number 32, November 2001

King of covers, page 1

Physical sciences, page 1

Lab Notes: Habitat house, logbook, local marvels, page 3

National Security’s trio, page 4

Flag etiquette, page 5

Benefits’ annual summary, page 6

Report your concerns, page 7

such glasses could be used to incorporate nuclearwaste, and the image accompanying the article wasused on the cover of Science.”

The micrographs are obtained in a number ofways and with a number of instruments, includingsome of Solid State’s owntransmission electronic micro-scopes as well as opticalmicroscopes owned by otherdivisions, and at other institu-tions when specializedequipment is required. Lynnand his Solid State colleagueshave enjoyed a long-term,fruitful collaboration with staffmembers in both the Metalsand Ceramics Division andORNL’s graphics group.

The micrographs are usuallystrikingly colorful, but not all ofthem start out that way. Micro-graphs taken using transmissionor scanning electron micros-copy are originally black andwhite, but digital imageprocessing can now be used to“colorize” these images—muchlike colorizing some of the oldblack and white movies.

Although the electron microscope images onlyshow colors after different hues are computer-assigned to the grey scale of the image, Lynn saysthat the optical images taken with interference-contrast microscopy show a “visual smorgasbord ofbeautiful colors from the moment that you look intothe microscope.”

One black and white scanning-electron-micro-scope image produced this year by Lynn, Dorothy

Coffey and David Norton shows changes in thesurface of ceramic materials after they are hit byintense pulses of excimer laser light. The patterns areinteresting enough, but one unmistakably resemblesthe head of an eagle . . . “like the children’s game oflooking for faces and animals in the clouds,” Lynnsays.

Other images resemble abstract designs, paisleysand cubist fantasies. Animage they are preparingto unveil, which he callsone of his favorites, has aDr. Strange-ish, other-dimension feel to it. Infact, whatever designsartists and designers havecreated over the yearsseem to already becovered by nature underthe microscope.

The journal editors whoselect the ORNL imagesfor their covers sometimessee them at poster-paperpresentations and micro-graph competitions held atscientific professionalsociety meetings. ButLynn, who may haveacquired his appreciationfor beautiful pictures from

his father, a master photographer, has no doubtearned a reputation as a supplier of quality scientificimages that are also fun to look at.

“Sometimes our entries don’t win anything in thecompetitions and then wind up on the covers. It’s amatter of taste and judgment,” says Lynn.

“But they also keep the Lab in the forefront of thescientific community.” —B.C.

CoversContinued from page 1

UT-Battelle is seeking applicants for its second scholarship award. The grant, which goes

annually to a child of a UT-Battelle employee, isaimed at encouraging careers in science. Therenewable scholarship to the University of Tennes-see–Knoxville is granted on a competitive basis.

If you have a child interested in applying for theFall 2002 class, complete an entry form by Novem-ber 30.

The scholarship is worth $4,000 per academic yearand is renewable for four years if the student main-tains full-time enrollment, a strong grade-pointaverage and steady progress toward a baccalaureatedegree.

Students may select a major course of studyleading to a baccalaureate degree offered throughUT in science, engineering or mathematics. Inaddition, UT-Battelle scholars will spend at least onepracticum term at ORNL. Applicants must meet thefollowing eligibility criteria, which parallel UT’sBicentennial Scholarship Program:• Son or daughter of a current UT-Battelle employee• High school diploma held by the end of the current

school year• Resident of Tennessee• Acceptance to the University of Tennessee–

Knoxville for the following fall term• Minimum high school grade point average of 3.75

in a 4.0 system• ACT test score of 31

Applicants will be considered based on academicperformance in high school; ACT scores; academicreferences and awards; and activities, communityservice and leadership.

For more information on the program for nextyear’s class, contact Brenda Hackworth, 574-4160,or Gail Beyersdorf, 241-9515, in the Communica-tions and Community Outreach office by Nov. 30,2001.

UT-Battelle announces 2002UTK scholarship competition

This eagle-head image resulted from aceramic surface’s being subjected to intensepulses from a laser. The microscope imagealso revealed changes in the material’ssurface.