KINGDOM: Animalia, DOMAIN: Eukarya

Description: Animals are heterotrophs that are multicellular and do not have cell walls.

Description (cont.)

• They are all multicellular• They are all eukaryotes.• They do not have cell walls!.• Most can move at some stage of their life.• Most reproduce sexually; some can reproduce asexually, too.• Require oxygen.

Where do Animals Live?

• Most habitats world wide

Common Examples: Coral, sea star, jellyfish, insects, lobsters, cats, dogs,

whales, sharks, snakes, eagles, frogs

Mode(s) of Nutrition

• Animals are all heterotrophs, but have a variety of diets and methods of eating.

They can be carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, detritivores (eat/decompose dead materials), filterfeeders, predator, prey, symbiotic relationships (parasite/host)

All animals reproduce sexually and some can also reproduce asexually.

• Those that reproduce asexually are usually simpler animals in the invertebrate groups.

Classified by: Type of symmetry, type of embryo development, presence/absence of vertebrae, mode of nutrition, and specialized structures for respiration, excretion, circulation and movement..

1.Vertebrates = have a backbone

- 5%

2. Invertebrates = have no backbone

-95%

Types of Symmetry

Asymmetry

Irregular Body ShapeOften sessile organismsEx. sponges

Radial Symmetry

Can be divided along any plane, into roughly equal halves.Ex. Sea Star

Bilateral Symmetry

Can be divided into similar left and right halves that form mirror images of each other.

Trends in Evolution of Kingdom Animalia

• Complex animals have a high level of cell specialization, internal structures, front end/head with sensory organs and a body cavity

1. Cell Specialization = separate roles for each type of cell in multicellular organisms

• 2. Animals with cephalization, have the brain and their sense organs toward the front / anterior aspect of the body

• Allows them to respond quicker

Embryo Development

• Most develop from a single fertilized egg called a zygote.

• 2 Stages of developmentBlastula- single layer of cells around a fluid-filled space.Gastrula- structure made of two cell layers

Blastula Development Gastrula Development

Protostome vs Deuterstome

Protostome: (from the Greek: first the mouth)

• An animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore (opening in the gastrula)

• Most invertebrates

Deuterostome: (from the Greek: "second mouth" )

• An animal whose anus is formed from the blastopore, mouth formed second

• Ex. Echinoderms and all vertebrates

Tissue (Germ) Layers and what the become in the animal

ENDODERM = innermost germ layer• Becomes: lining of digestive tract and much of

respiratory systemECTODERM = outermost germ layer• Becomes: sense organs, nerve and outer layer

of skinMESODERM = middle germ layer• Becomes: muscles, circulatory system,

reproductive and excretory systems

Animals Main Groups and Examples

Invertebrate Groups by Phylum

Phylum Name Examples

Porifera Sponges

Cnidaria Jellyfish, Coral, Sea Anemone, Hydra

Playtheliminthes Flatworms: Flukes, Tapeworm

Nematoda Roundworms

Annelida Segmented Worms: Earthworms, Leeches

Mollusca Mollusks: Clams, Oysters, Scallops, Snails, Slugs, Octopus, Squid, Nautilus

Arthropoda Crustaceans (Crab Shrimp, Lobsters), Insects,Arachnids (Spiders, ticks, mites), Millipedes, Centipedes

Echinodermata Sea Stars, Sea Lily, Sea Urchin, Sand Dollar, Sea Cucumber

Invertbrates

Invertebrates (cont.)

Invertebrates (Cont.)

Animals Main Groups and ExamplesChordata Phylum and Subphyla

Chordata Phylum Examples

Subphylum Urochordata

Tunicates

Subphylum Cephalochordata Lancelets

Subphylum Vertebrata Vertebrate animals

- Class Agnatha Jawless fish: Lampreys, Hagfish

- Class Chondricthyes Cartilage fish: Sharks, skates, rays

- Class Osteichthyes Bony fish: trout, goldfish, catfish, flounder, angelfish, bass, swordfish, coelacanth, lungfish

- Class Amphibia Amphibians: “Double Life”- Frogs, toads, salamanders, newts

- Class Reptilia Reptiles: Snakes, Lizards, Alligators, Turtles

- Class Aves Birds: Ostrich, Hawk, Cardinal, Duck, Chicken

- Class Mammalia Monotremes: platypus; Marsupials: Kangaroo, Opossum;Placentals: All other mammals (Humans, cats, horses, whales,etc.

Vertebrate Examples

Tunicates

Lancelets

Tunicates& Lancelets

Invertebrate ancestor

Subphylum Vertebrata

How Animals Help Man

• Food – we eat animals and animal products

Ex. Beef, pork, chicken, turkey, rabbit, fish, shellfish, crustaceans, Dairy products, eggs, honey

• Beasts of labor – donkey, oxen, water buffalo, elephants

• Make products from them – leather, medicines (leech anticoagulants and anesthetics), decorative items (Shells, pearls, feathers), silk

•Protection – guard dogs

How Animals Hurt Man

• Animals can be parasites of man and our livestock or crops: tapeworm, flukes, roundworms, ticks. Mites

• Some damage our property: termites, wool moths, barnacles on boats

• Some invade our homes: mice, squirrels, rats, all kinds of insects and spiders

Special Roles in Ecosystems:Most animals have a unique niche in their habitat.

-Ex: They may be in predator/prey relationships-Ex: Pollinators of crops or flowers