Kingdom Animalia

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5IdT_5rLqM

Basic Characteristics

• Multicellular

• Eukaryotic

• Heterotrophic

• Mostly motile (few exceptions)

• Primarily sexual reproduction but some asexual.

Nutrition

• Organisms in the kingdom Animalia are heterotrophs.

• Some organisms are herbivores, carnivores and omnivores.

Asexual Reproduction in Animals

• Budding – a new organism in formed from a bud of the parent

• For example, hydra:

• Regeneration – a new organism develops from fragments of parent

• For example, planaria

Sexual Reproduction in Animals

• Involves the production of a sperm (spermazoa) and an egg (ova) [haploid sex cells] which will fuse during fertilization to create offspring.

Fertilization

Aquatic Animals- External fertilization

where sperm and egg fuse outside the body

- Sharks are an exception

Terrestrial Animals- Internal fertilization

where the sperm and egg fuse inside the body

- Development of offspring can be internal or external

Characteristics Used To Classify Animals into Phyla

• Multicellular• Heterotrophic• Ingest food• Central digestion cavity• Sexual reproduction• Germ layers• Type of digestive tract• Body symmetry• Coelum

The 9 Phyla of Kingdom Animalia

2. Phylum Cnidaria

3. Phylum Platyhelminthes 4. Phylum Nematodapinworm

1. Phylum Porifera

The 9 Phyla of Kingdom Animalia

5. Phylum Annelida 6. Phylum Mollusca

7. Phylum Echinodermata 8. Phylum Arthropoda

The 9 Phyla of Kingdom Animalia

9. Phylum Chordata

Phylum Arthropoda

• Habitat: terrestrial, aquatic, air• Symmetry: bilateral• Body cavity: coelmate• Reproduction: sexual• Motile• Organization: body systems• Digestion: extracellular• Fertilization: internal

Phylum Arthropoda

Arthropoda: Success and Diversity

1. Exoskeleton: protection

2. Body Segments

3. Nervous System: larger brains

4. Nutrition process: can obtain food in many ways

Insects: highly adaptive traits

1. Many feeding methods

2. Small: hiding, small spaces

3. Movement: quickly (3 pairs of legs)

4. Mimicry (hide from predators)

5. Hierarchical social system (roles)

6. Life cycle reduces competition for food and living space

Insects: highly adaptive traits

Phylum Chordata: Invertebrates

• Subphylum Urochordata

- The Tunicates : squat, thick-walled, protective tunic, live on ocean floor

• Subphylum Cephalochordata

- Lancelets: small, knife-like, live buried in sediment near coast

Phylum Chordata

At some stage in their life cycle all chordates have the following:

A dorsal nerve chord A notochord (rod of cartilage) running

length of body Gill slits in pharynx or throat

Vertebrate Chordates

1. Class ChondrichthyesCartilaginous fish like sharks and rays

2. Class OsteichthyesBony fish like salmon, trout and tuna

3. Class AmphibiaBreathers in water and air like frogs

Vertebrate Chordates

4. Class Reptilia (creepers)Most live in dry, hot areas – like snakes

5. Class AvesHave feathers and hollow bones – birds

6. Class MammaliaHave hair, and mammary glands - mammals