Kingdom of CambodiaNational Committee for Disaster

Management

Regional workshop on Methodologies of Assessment

of Social Economic Impacts of Disaster in Asia

Prepared by Khun Sokha

NCDM

Country Profile

Consisting of 20 provinces and 4 municipalities Capital City – Phnom Penh Land area of 181,035 sq. km. km. Arable & permanent crop land – 13% Permanent pasture – 11% Forests and Woodland – 66%

Climate is tropical dominated by 2 monsoons Southwest Monsoon (mid-May to October) Northeast Monsoon (October to April)

Population of 13.4 million90 to 95% are Ethnic Khmer51.8%: Male 48.2%Rural Population – 84%

Average annual population growth rate of 2.4% (2nd Highest among ASEAN countries)

Productive age group (18 to 60 yrs old) – 43% Population 18 yrs old and below – 52% (Imbalance due to Khmer Rouge period)

Demographics

Social Development Indicators

Human Development Index (out of 174) 136

Population living below poverty line 36% (75% are farmer-headed Households)

Life Expectancy 56 yrs.

Adult Literacy Rate 67.3%

Real GDP Growth Rate - 4%Per

Capita Income - US$ 266Exports

- US$ 1.13 billion Balance of

Payment Surplus - US$ 71 million Present Value of Debt

- US$ 1.9 billionExchange Rate

- US$1.00 = Riel 3855

Economic Indicators

Profile of Economy

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector

43% of GDP - 80% of labor force

Industrial Sector

Share in GDP increasing from 18.3% in 1998 to 23.5% in 2000

Manufacturing 78.5%Construction 18.3%

Most dynamic sub-sector is Garments Industry (leading source of exports) with annual growth rate of 65% for period 1995 to 2000

Profile of Economy

Tourism Sector

Tourism plays a very important role in the rebuilding of the economy

Growth rate of 18.4% in 1999

Annual increase in tourist arrivals of 30% during the period 1998 to 2001

Hotel construction increased by 10% during the period 1993 to 2000

Natural Disasters Natural Disasters in in CambodiaCambodia

Royal Government of Cambodia National Committee for Disaster

Management (NCDM)

MEKONG RIVER COMMISSION REPORTED Laos PDR, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand affected The deaths in Cambodia 43% of total deaths 800 persons 40% of total damages $ 400 million Cambodia the most affected

Flood 2000

In Cambodia the most frequent and severe disasters are caused by flooding

Cambodia is naturally susceptible to annual river flooding during the main monsoon season. Localized flooding caused by monsoon thunderstorms is also a serious threat as they periodically sweep the country

Severe flooding has occurred in 1961, 1966, 1978, 1984, 1991, 1996, 2000 and most recently in 2001

LIVING WITH FLOOD

Mekong River

Tonle Sap Lake

Flood of 2000Flood of 2001

Floods of 1996

In the 1996 floods, continuous heavy rainfall in China, Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia inundated the Mekong River affecting 1.3 million Cambodians with 600,000 hectares of crops and 50,000 homes damaged or destroyed

Impact of Disasters

Floods of 2000

Worst flood to hit the country in more than 70 years.

Total physical and direct damage was estimated at US$ 150 million, 40% of the total estimated damages of US$ 400 Million in the four countries in the Mekong River basin including Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand.

Death toll at 347 (80 percent of whom were children).

Some 750,618 families (3,448,629 individuals) affected by flooding, about 85,000 families had to had to be evacuated.

Floods of 2001

Affected Provinces/Municipalities: 14, Districts: 84, Communes: 595

Victims Affected: 429,698 families, equivalent to 2,121,952 people

Affected population who had food shortage caused by flood: 192,284 families, equivalent to: 945,665 people

Rice partially damaged by flood: seedling 7,739 Has, Transplanted 23,7275 Has

Rice totally destroyed by flood: seedling 5,732 Has, Transplanted 144,386 Has

Floods of 2001

People killed: 14 (70% were children)

Houses destroyed: 2,251 houses

National roads destroyed: 39Km

Rural roads destroyed: 7,937Km

Bridges destroyed: 175 places

Schools affected by flood: 911

Health centers affected by flood: 45

Irrigation systems destroyed: 201 places

Floods of 2002

Affected Provinces/Municipalities: 5, Districts: 39, Communes: 296

Victims Affected: 263,264 families, equivalent to 1,005,694 people

Affected population who had food shortage caused by flood: 192,284 families, equivalent to: 945,665 people

Rice partially damaged by flood: seedling 7,739 Has, Transplanted 23,7275 Has

Rice totally destroyed by flood: seedling 5,732 Has, Transplanted 144,386 Has

Prolonged drought was experienced in 1997 to 1998. And in 2001, while still recovering from the effects of the flood of 2000, Cambodia was also affected by severe drought

In recent years, there has been an imbalance in the distribution of monsoon rainfall which has resulted in drought in some parts of the country

A short dry spell of 20 to 30 days during the rainy season ( May – November ) can result to extensive damage to crops

Drought in 2001

Affected population who had food shortage caused by drought: 132,711 families, equivalent to: 530,844 people

Rice partially damaged by drought: seedling 13,361 Has, Transplanted 89,787 Has

Rice totally destroyed by drought: seedling 8,696 Has, Transplanted 45,291 Has

In 2000, a series of typhoons caused similar damage in 5 provinces of the country

In 2001, six (6) provinces were hit by typhoons resulting to destruction of 743 houses, 6 school buildings and 2 temples resulting to 1 death and 11 injured

In 1992, two (2) typhoons hit several districts in Phnom Penh City and Kandal province resulting to the destruction of some 500 homes.

Typhoons in Cambodia

Other disasters include Fires that occur in some of the major cities and cause extensive damage due to the lack of sufficient fire fighting equipment

In 2001, there were 46 cases of house fires that caused the destruction of some 3,316 houses, the deaths of 5 people and 20 injured

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

National Committee for Disaster ManagementNational Committee for Disaster Management(NCDM)(NCDM)

Disaster ManagementDisaster Managementin Cambodiain Cambodia

Royal Government of CambodiaRoyal Government of Cambodia

National Committee for Disaster ManagementNational Committee for Disaster Management

Mission

To lead the Disaster Management in the Kingdom of Cambodia. 

Functions and Responsibilities

To coordinate with the Ministries of the Royal Government, UN agencies, IOs, NGOs, International Communities, National Associations, and Local Donors in order to appeal for aid for Emergency Response and Rehabilitation.

To make recommendations to the Royal Government and issue principles, main policies and warnings on Disaster Preparedness and Management cum the measures for Emergency Response and interventions in evacuating people to haven.

Royal Government of CambodiaRoyal Government of Cambodia

National Committee for Disaster ManagementNational Committee for Disaster Management

To disseminate Disaster Management work to Communities and strengthen the line from the National level (Ministries / Institutions concerned) to the provincial/ Municipal/ District/ Precinct level along with human resource development aiming to manage Disaster works firmly and effectively.

T To put forward a proposal to the Royal Government on reserves, funds, fuel, means of working, equipment and human resources for Disaster Prevention and intervention in Emergency Response and Rehabilitation before, during, and after disaster,  

NCDM Organizational Structure

National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM)

Audit Unit

Cabinet General Secretariat

DM Working Groups of Ministries/Institutions

Provincial Committee for Disaster Management (PCDM)

PCDM Secretariat

Commune Disaster Management Team

District Committee for Disaster Management

Executive Committee (President, First Vice President, Secretary General)

HE. NHIM VANDA First Vice President

Secretary General HE.PEOUV SAMY

Department of Administration and

Finance

Department of Information &

Relation

Department of Emergency Response &

Rehabilitation

Department of Preparedness and

Training

Department of Search & Rescue

Administration Bureau

Accounting Bureau

Logistic Bureau

Information &Prediction Bureau

International Relation Bureau

Newsletter &Publishing Bureau

Emergency Bureau

Rehabilitation Bureau

Training Bureau

Planning Bureau

Program Bureau

Searching Coordination Bureau

Rescue Coordination Bureau

Operation Bureau

NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Samdech Prime Minister HUN SEN President

Working Group on Disaster Coordination Response and RehabilitationLead: National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM)In Cooperation withCambodian Red Cross (CRC)international Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)United Nation Disaster Management Team (UN-DMT)

Emergency Relief Assistance Sub-groupLead: NCDM and CRC with support of IFRC

Food Security Sub-groupLead: ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fishery with Support of WFP, FAO

Health Sub-grouplead: Ministry of Health with support of WHO,UNICEF

Small Scale Infrastructure , Water and Sanitation Sub-groupLead: Ministry of Rural Development with Support of WHO, UNICEF, WFP

Preparedness and Mitigation Sub-groupLead: Ministry of Public work and Transport and Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology with Support of Partners

National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) Disaster Management & Countermeasures

Coordination with NGOsCoordination with NGOsCambodian Red Cross (CRC) – Community-based Disaster Preparedness, Small-scale mitigation projects, Safe area development, disaster response and relief

CARE Cambodia – Community-based Disaster Preparedness project in Prey Veng province, disaster planning and training for DCDMs, donation of equipment (i.e., radios and boats), relief

Action Against Hunger (AAH) – Disaster Preparedness, Small- scale mitigation projects, Proposed Community-based Early Warning project in Kampong Cham province

OXFAM Cambodia – Disaster preparedness, response and relief, proposed Community-based Disaster preparedness in Takeo province.

Areas of Coordination and Cooperation with Areas of Coordination and Cooperation with NGOs/IOsNGOs/IOs

Capacity building ActivitiesCapacity building Activities-conduct of trainings and -conduct of trainings and capacity building to member of the NCDM as well as to capacity building to member of the NCDM as well as to the Provincial Committee for Disaster Management the Provincial Committee for Disaster Management (PCDM) and District Committee for Disaster Management (PCDM) and District Committee for Disaster Management (DCDM)(DCDM)

Damages and Need Assessment-Disaster Preparedness / Damages and Need Assessment-Disaster Preparedness / Small scale mitigation projects Community based Early Small scale mitigation projects Community based Early Warning Projects in Compong Cham ProvinceWarning Projects in Compong Cham Province

Emergency Relief Assistance-provision of relief goodsEmergency Relief Assistance-provision of relief goods Disaster Preparedness-conduct of community planning Disaster Preparedness-conduct of community planning Resource Mobilization-provision of relief goodsResource Mobilization-provision of relief goods

Coortination with NGOs on Coortination with NGOs on Capability building ActivityCapability building Activity

Cambodian Red Cross (CRC)-Community-based Cambodian Red Cross (CRC)-Community-based DisasterDisaster Preparedness, Small-scale mitigation Preparedness, Small-scale mitigation projects, safe area development, disaster response projects, safe area development, disaster response and relief.and relief.

CARE Cambodia-Community-based Disaster CARE Cambodia-Community-based Disaster Preparedness project in Prey Veng province, Preparedness project in Prey Veng province, disaster planning and training for DCDMs, disaster planning and training for DCDMs, donation of equipment (i.e., radiosdonation of equipment (i.e., radios

Action Against Hunger (AAH)-Disaster Action Against Hunger (AAH)-Disaster Preparedness, Small-scale mitigation projects, Preparedness, Small-scale mitigation projects, Community-based Early Warning project in Community-based Early Warning project in Kampong Cham provinceKampong Cham province

Coordination With NGOs onCoordination With NGOs on

Capability Building ActivityCapability Building Activity OXFAM Cambodia-Disaster preparedness, OXFAM Cambodia-Disaster preparedness,

response and relief, proposed Community-based response and relief, proposed Community-based Disaster preparedness in Takeo province.Disaster preparedness in Takeo province.

Concern Worldwide-Disaster preparedness, Concern Worldwide-Disaster preparedness, response and relief projects. It has also provided response and relief projects. It has also provided NCDM vehicle.NCDM vehicle.

Coordination with NGOs onCoordination with NGOs onCapability Building ActivityCapability Building Activity

Lutheran world FederationLutheran world Federation Church World ServiceChurch World Service Catholic Relief ServiceCatholic Relief Service Pact CambodiaPact Cambodia

Coordination with InternationalCoordination with InternationalOrganizations (IO) on Capability Organizations (IO) on Capability

Building ActivityBuilding Activity

Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) International Institute for Disaster RiskInternational Institute for Disaster Risk Management (IDRM, International)Management (IDRM, International) Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)

Coordination with UN Agencies on Coordination with UN Agencies on Capability Building ActivityCapability Building Activity

European Commission Humanitarian Office European Commission Humanitarian Office (ECHO) (ECHO)

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)Affairs (OCHA)

World Food Programme (WFP)World Food Programme (WFP) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF)United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) World Health Organization (WHO)World Health Organization (WHO)

Inter-agency Inter-agency CoordinationCoordination

Coordination With NGOs onCoordination With NGOs onDamage and Needs AssessmentDamage and Needs Assessment

Conducted joint Damage and Needs Assessment Conducted joint Damage and Needs Assessment as well as Food Security Assessment during the as well as Food Security Assessment during the

Flood and Drought in Cambodia for year 2002 Flood and Drought in Cambodia for year 2002 with with

World Food Programme (WFP), CARE, Action World Food Programme (WFP), CARE, Action Against Hunger (AAH), and Oxfam of Great Against Hunger (AAH), and Oxfam of Great

Britain in CambodiaBritain in Cambodia

Flood Early WarningFlood Early Warning

andand

Development Development

The weather forecast and predicting the The weather forecast and predicting the extent and severity of flood disaster was not extent and severity of flood disaster was not accurate. As a consequence, the level of accurate. As a consequence, the level of preparedness was inadequate.”preparedness was inadequate.”

Prior to the flood season of 2000, 2001 Prior to the flood season of 2000, 2001 flood prediction was based on manual flood prediction was based on manual calculation.calculation.[i[i]] During the flood season of During the flood season of 2000, the hydrological flood forecast model 2000, the hydrological flood forecast model (FFM) which is based on computer (FFM) which is based on computer spreadsheet (Excel) software was used. spreadsheet (Excel) software was used.

Despite of this improvement, flood prediction was Despite of this improvement, flood prediction was for one day forewarning only. Indeed, from a for one day forewarning only. Indeed, from a preparedness perspective, the length of preparedness perspective, the length of forewarning was not adequate. Additionally, forewarning was not adequate. Additionally, although television broadcasts provide situational although television broadcasts provide situational update on the damages of flood, no public update on the damages of flood, no public awareness about its consequences and what local awareness about its consequences and what local actions need to be taken before and during the actions need to be taken before and during the flood were provided. flood were provided.

During the flood season, an emergent During the flood season, an emergent organization was established. The National organization was established. The National Committee for Flood Protection and Committee for Flood Protection and Management of the RGC was established in Management of the RGC was established in September 8, 2000 as a framework for flood September 8, 2000 as a framework for flood forecasting and response. The Committee is forecasting and response. The Committee is headed by the Ministry of Water Resources headed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology and Meteorology

Cooperative Project on Flood Early Cooperative Project on Flood Early Warning at the community baseWarning at the community basebetween NCDM and AAH in Kampong between NCDM and AAH in Kampong Cham and Kampong Spue ProvinceCham and Kampong Spue Province-Provided training to the local authority -Provided training to the local authority and stakeholder and stakeholder -Build up the staff gauges in the flood -Build up the staff gauges in the flood prone areas (2003 and 2004)prone areas (2003 and 2004)

Damage and Needs AssessmentDamage and Needs Assessment

Mobile Home ProjectMobile Home Project

Disaster ReliefDisaster Relief

Safe Area DevelopmentSafe Area Development

National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) Disaster Management & CountermeasuresResource MobilizationResource Mobilization

ORKUNORKUN

Thank You for your attention Thank You for your attention