Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Protista

If you look at a drop of pond water If you look at a drop of pond water under a microscope, all the "little under a microscope, all the "little creatures" you see swimming around creatures" you see swimming around areare protistsprotists..

All protists have a nucleus and are All protists have a nucleus and are thereforetherefore eukaryotic. .

Are either plant-like, animal-like or fungus-Are either plant-like, animal-like or fungus-like.like.

What is a Protist?

Animal-like and fungus-like protists Animal-like and fungus-like protists and are and are heterotrophsheterotrophs. They are . They are organisms that cannot make its own organisms that cannot make its own foodfood

Plant-like protists are Plant-like protists are autotrophsautotrophs – – they contain chloroplasts and make they contain chloroplasts and make their own food.their own food.

Heterotrophs vs. Autotrophs

ProtozoansProtozoans are animal-like protistsare animal-like protists ((heterotrophsheterotrophs)) grouped according to grouped according to how they move.how they move.

The wordThe word protozoaprotozoa means "little means "little animal." They are so named because animal." They are so named because many species behave like tiny many species behave like tiny animals—specifically, they hunt and animals—specifically, they hunt and gather other microbes as food.gather other microbes as food.

Animal Like Protists

All protozoa digest their food in stomach-All protozoa digest their food in stomach-like compartments called vacuoleslike compartments called vacuoles.. As As they chow down, they make and give off they chow down, they make and give off nitrogen, which is an element that plants nitrogen, which is an element that plants and other higher creatures can use. and other higher creatures can use.

Protozoa can be classified into three Protozoa can be classified into three general groups based on how they general groups based on how they move:move: PseudopodsPseudopods FlagellumFlagellum CiliaCilia

Pseudopods: or “false foot” Pseudopods: or “false foot”

Cell membrane Cell membrane pushespushes in one in one direction & the cytoplasm direction & the cytoplasm flowsflows into into the bulge. This allows the protozoan the bulge. This allows the protozoan to move, to move, draggingdragging the rest of the cell the rest of the cell behind it engulfing food as they gobehind it engulfing food as they go

PseudopodsPseudopods

Amoebae Amoebae Aquatic – lives in ponds, ditches, or slowly Aquatic – lives in ponds, ditches, or slowly

moving streams.moving streams. Just visible to the naked eyeJust visible to the naked eye UnicellularUnicellular Obtain nutrition by feeding on other animalsObtain nutrition by feeding on other animals have a thin cell membrane but no cell wall.have a thin cell membrane but no cell wall. no definite shapeno definite shape

EXAMPLE OF HOW PSEUDOPODS MOVE

PUSH

FLOW

DRAG

It can form 2 pseudopods to surround & trap food. Then form a food vacuole to break down food in the cytoplasm.

The smallest of the protozoaThe smallest of the protozoa Flagellates (FLAJ-uh-lits) use their Flagellates (FLAJ-uh-lits) use their

flagella to move, whip-like flagella to move, whip-like projections poking out of their cells, projections poking out of their cells, providing a back and forth movement providing a back and forth movement

Can have one or several long flagellaCan have one or several long flagella UnicelluarUnicelluar Has characteristics of both plants Has characteristics of both plants

and animalsand animals

FlagellumFlagellum

Move freely and feed on other Move freely and feed on other organismsorganisms

Makes its own food and also obtains Makes its own food and also obtains nutrients by feeding as well.nutrients by feeding as well.

Has an eyespot (to see)Has an eyespot (to see)

When an eyespot detects light it When an eyespot detects light it uses flagellum to move toward the uses flagellum to move toward the light so that its chloroplast can carry light so that its chloroplast can carry out photosynthesisout photosynthesis

Euglena (yoo-glee-nuh)Euglena (yoo-glee-nuh)

Generally the largest protozoaGenerally the largest protozoa

Unicellular, slipper shapedUnicellular, slipper shaped

Cilia – hair-like structures - help Cilia – hair-like structures - help organisms move, get food and sense organisms move, get food and sense environmentenvironment

CiliaCilia

Feeds with the help of a structure Feeds with the help of a structure called an oral groove – where food is called an oral groove – where food is drawn in by external and internal cilia drawn in by external and internal cilia to form a food vacuole to form a food vacuole

Will eat the other two types of Will eat the other two types of protozoa as well as bacteria.protozoa as well as bacteria.

Anal pore sends out wasteAnal pore sends out waste

Aquatic - common in ponds and slow Aquatic - common in ponds and slow moving streamsmoving streams

ParameciumParamecium

ORAL GROOVE

AlgaeAlgae are eukaryotic autotrophs. are eukaryotic autotrophs.

They, along with other eukaryotic They, along with other eukaryotic autotrophs, form the foundation of autotrophs, form the foundation of Earth’s food chains.Earth’s food chains.

They produce much of Earth’s oxygen.They produce much of Earth’s oxygen.

Found in ponds and ditches, and even Found in ponds and ditches, and even in shallow rain puddlesin shallow rain puddles

Plant-like protists Plant-like protists

Unicellular protists that has chloroplasts Unicellular protists that has chloroplasts that can carry out photosynthesisthat can carry out photosynthesis

Does not live aloneDoes not live alone Forms groups called coloniesForms groups called colonies Two small flagella that are used to Two small flagella that are used to

move them move them Cells near the surface are specialized to Cells near the surface are specialized to

move the entire colony through watermove the entire colony through water Food source – makes its nutrients. Food source – makes its nutrients.

VolvoxVolvox

A VolvoxA Volvox is a hollow boll composed of is a hollow boll composed of hundreds of flagellated cells in a single hundreds of flagellated cells in a single layerlayer.