1

A. Eukaryotic cells (true nucleus - contains nuclei and

membrane enclosed organelles).

B. Most are single celled (unicellular).

C. Live in wet environments oceans, ponds, swampsSome live in wet soil, rotting logs, or watery

tissues inside other organisms

2

D. Have cilia or flagella at one time in the life cycle

E. All are aerobic (need Oxygen)

F. Can reproduce sexually or asexually

3

1. Protozoans (4 types) – Animal-like protists; “first animals”.

2. Algae (6 types) – Plant-like protists; contain chlorophyll; capable

of photosynthesis.

3. Slime Molds (2 types) – Fungus-like protists.

4. Water Molds (1 types) – Fungus-like protists.

4

Classified by method of locomotion

Characteristics of ProtozoansEukaryotic

Have a nucleus and membrane bound organellesUnicellularHeterotrophic

Consumer

5

Size 2 - 100 micrometers Parasitic protozoa are most facultative

anaerobes; Mostly heterotrophic, chemorganotrophs

Nutrients assimilated via phagocytosis, pinocytosis, diffusion

Digestion may be both extracellular and intracellular

Two life stagesTrophozoiteactive pathogenic vegetative

stageCyst latent survival form

Sites of pathogenesis Intestinal, Urogenital, Blood and Tissue

6

AmoebasFlagellates

CiliatesSporazoans

Phylum Sarcodina - pseudopodia.Move by pseudopods - “false feet”

Ex. Amoeba Captures food by phagocytosis

(surround and engulf with pseudopodia) Reproduction by binary fission. No cell walls Trophozoite

Motile vegetative stageCyst

Latent survival stage

Entamoeba histolytic - causes amoebic dysentery (harmful to humans) vomiting, diarrhea, possible brain damage 8

10

Amoebic Movement and Phagocytosis

Phylum Zoomastigina - flagellates.Move by flagella - “whip-like tail”

Absorb food directly through cell membrane

Ex. Trypanosoma - causes African sleeping sickness

Ex. Trichonympha - lives in digestive system of termites (mutualism - both organisms benefit)

11

12

13

Trichomonas foetus : cow disease

Trichomonas vaginalis: an STD

Phylum Ciliophora - ciliatesFree living

Move beating tiny hairs called ciliacilia

Ex. Paramecium.- contains two nuclei. 1. Micronucleus (small) - controls reproduction. 2. Macronucleus (large) - directs metabolic

functions.

16

Parts of the Paramecium.a. Oral groove - cilia sweep food into this area.b. Mouth pore - food travels to mouth.c. Gullet - stores food.d. Food vacuole - digests food.e. Contractile vacuole - regulates water

balance.

Protectiontricocysts - bottle -shaped structures

embedded in the cell membrane that discharge when a cell is damaged or shocked; barbed projections that can damage predators.

17

Phylum Sporozoa - sporazoansNon-motile - cannot move

All are parasites

Move from one host to the next through spores

Ex. Plasmodium - causes Malaria.

20

21

Malaria in red blood cells

Pneumonia in aids patients

DiseaseMalaria, African-sleeping

sickness, ameobic dysentary

Red- tidesKills fish (protists make

toxin)Home destruction

Termites (protists in guts digest wood)

Oxygen to atmosphereGreen algae do photosynthesis

Food for humansSeaweed

Food “smootheners”Toothpaste, ice cream, etc…

Food source in oceansPlankton are base of aquatic food chains

26