Kingdom ProtistaThis is some WEIRD, WILD stuff!

Evolution of Eukaryotic Cell- Endosymbiotic Theory

Bacteria is living inside of another bacteria, overtime they became a eukaryotic cell

• Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own DNA

• DNA looks similar to prokaryotic DNA--plasmid

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-6dzU4gOJo

Where is Protista?

Due to new molecular and DNA evidence…Protista can be divided into 7 kingdoms:

• Parabasala• Alveolates• Cercozoa• Radiolarians• Amoebozoa• Euglenozoa• Diplomonadida

3 major types of protistsPlant- Like (algae), Animal- Like (protozoa), Fungi-Like

Protista—Common Characteristics

• Eukaryotes

•Most are unicellular, few are Multicellular

•Heterotrophic or Autotrophic

• They don’t have cell differentiation (no tissues), or embryonic development (seeds, spores, embryo)

Supergroup Excavata

Unicellular flagellates with a oral groove.

Euglena, Metamonda, Kinetoplastids—Feeding groove lets them phagocytize bacterial prey items

Examples of Excavata• Euglena– use flagella to propel themselves, Autotrophic

Giardia lamblia-present in water, animal like, parasitic

Red Algae (Rhodophyta)• Plant-Like

• Photosyntheic, Autotrophic

• No green pigments, no flagella

• Important for human use. Sushi anyone?

Porphyra

Super Group Green Algae– Grandmother of Land Plants?• Occurs in ponds, lakes, oceans.

• Autotrophic

• Photosynthetic algae• Same photosynthetic pigments as land plants –Related to land plants?

• DNA evidence shows land plants descended from algae. Many want to include them in Kingdom Plantae.

Ecology of Algae

• Algae is also responsible for the large amounts of oxygen in the atmosphere.

• Can also cause harmful algae blooms.

Alveolata

• Ciliates, Apicomplexa, Dinoflagellates

• Ciliates move using cilia – short hair like projections

• Dinoflagellates move using flagella- long tail like structure

Paramecium

Bioluminescence inNoctiluca scintillans

Stramenopila

• Diatoms, Brown algae, Water molds (fungus like)

• Brown algae

Sargassum

Histrio histrio-- sarb

Plasmodium– causes malaria Toxoplasma gondiicauses toxoplasmosis

Amoebozoa• Includes many amoebas which move using a pseudopodia.

Heterotrophic

food vacuole - a cavity which food is digested (broken down in order to be absorbed by the amoeba).

contractile vacuole - a cavity that excretes excess water and waste; the waste is brought to the cell membrane and is then eliminated from the amoeba.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6rnhiMxtKU