kingdoms. bacteria prokaryotes (no true nucleus) unicellular autotrophic (makes own food)...
DESCRIPTION
Bacteria Most bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fissionTRANSCRIPT
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KINGDOMS
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Bacteria• Prokaryotes (no true
nucleus)• Unicellular• Autotrophic (makes
own food)• Heterotrophic
(consumes others)• Chemoautotroph
(break down inorganic compounds to make food)
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Bacteria
• Most bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission
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Archaebacteria• Archaebacteria
(ancient bacteria) – no peptidoglycan in cell wall
• Live in some of the most extreme environments such as hot springs, steam vents, intestines of animals. Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park
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Eubacteria
• Eubacteria (true bacteria) – most common; has peptidoglycan in cell wall;
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Eubacteria
• Knowing the amount of peptidogylcan will determine what kind of Gram stain the bacteria will “take”; knowing this can help to administer the correct antibiotics
Gram Positive Gram Negative
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Bacteria are classified by shape
• Round (cocci)• Rod (bacilli)• Spiral (spirilla)
Streptococcus
Bacillus
Cholera spirilla
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ANTIBIOTICS = chemicals that interfere with the life processes of bacteria
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Protista
• Mostly unicellular, some are multicellular (algae)
• Can be heterotrophic and autotrophic• Most live in water• All are eukaryotic• A protist is any organism that is not a
plant, animal or fungus; this is why it is known as the “junk drawer” kingdom
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Animal-like Protists : Protozoans
• Four phyla of Protozoans– Zooflagellates– Sarcodines– Ciliates– Sporozoans
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Zooflagellates
• Move using one or two flagella
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Sacrodines• Moves using pseudopodia (“false feet”),
which are like extensions of the cytoplasm• Ingests food by surrounding and engulfing
food (endocytosis)• Can cause diarrhea and stomach upset
from drinking contaminated water.• Example – amoebas
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Ciliates
• Move using cilia• Has 2 nuclei• Food is gathered in a mouth pore and
wastes are removed from an anal pore• Exhibits avoidance behavior• Example – paramecium
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Sporozoans
• Do not move on their own• Parasitic• Malaria is caused by a sporozoan
(Plasmodium), which infects the liver and blood; transmitted by mosquitoes
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Plant-like Protists - Algae
• All are photosynthetic• Classified based on pigment
– Green– Red– Brown
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Green Algae
• Most diverse group of algae• Has chlorophyll• Example - Volvox
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Red Algae
• Has a red pigment that allows them to grow at greater depths
• Used for food in some Asian countries
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Brown Algae
• Important source of food in ocean • Common problem for aquariums• Example - Kelp
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Fungi
• Eukaryotic• Cell wall with chitin• Unicellular and
multicellular• Heterotrophic• Decomposers
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Fungi
• Most are made of thin filaments called hyphae.
• One cell thick and look like threads under the microscope
• What gives mold a fuzzy texture
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Fungi
• As the hyphae continue to grow, it becomes tangled and produces mycelium.
• This continues until the food source is gone.
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Fungi
• Reproduce asexually and sexually.
• Asexual –budding, fragmentation and spores
• Sexually –hyphae fuse to form a diploid cell
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Fungi
• Yeast is the only unicellular fungus.
• Mushrooms and molds are multicelluar.
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Plantae
• Eukaryotic• Cell wall with
cellulose• Multicellular• Autotrophic• Has chloroplasts• Reproduce asexually
and sexually
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Plantae
• Divided into 2 divisions– Nonvascular and
Vascular• Nonvascular lacks
vascular tissue• Vascular has vascular
tissue
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Plantae
• Nonvascular plants are very small and live on land in a moist environment.
• Mosses are the most common along with liverworts and hornworts
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Plantae
• Vascular plants have true roots, stems and leaves and xylem and phloem.
• Separated into 2 groups – seedless and seed producing plants
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Plantae
• Seedless Vascular Plants – ferns, club mosses, horsetails and whisk ferns.
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Plantae
• Two Groups – gymnosperms and angiosperms
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Plantae• Gymnosperms – means “naked seed”
because seeds are exposed in a cone. Includes cycads, gingkos and conifers
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Plantae
• Angiosperms – are flowering plants and produce seed that are enclosed by a fruit
• Most dominant type of plant on earth
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Animalia
• Eukaryotic• No cell wall• Multicellular• Heterotrophic• Reproduce sexually
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Animalia
• Divided into 2 major groups based on the presence of internal skeleton– Invertebrate– Vertebrates
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Animalia• Invertebrates are animals without a
backbone• Sponges, jellyfish, worms, snails, insects
and starfish
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Animalia• Vertebrates are animals that have a
backbone.• Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals
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Animalia
• Two types of symmetry – Radial– Bilateral