kings, conquests, & secular life in medieval europe mr. koch world history a forest lake high...
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Kings, Conquests, & Secular Life in Medieval
Europe
Mr. KochWorld History A
Forest Lake High School
• Improved agricultural technology → increased food production
• More food → increased population (doubled 1000 – 1300)
Medieval English Kingdoms
Medieval English Kingdoms• 1066 – Norman invasion of
England– King Edward does not have
clear heir to throne– Dispute b/w Harold and William
of Normandy– William’s army victorious
• Leads to blending of Norman & Anglo-Saxon culture
• He establishes more firm control over England than most previous kings– Domesday Book
Medieval English Kingdoms
Bayeux TapestryMeasures about ½ meter tall and 70 meters long (believed to be missing ~8 meters)
Just for fun…An animated version of the Bayeux Tapestry
Medieval English Kingdoms
• Henry II (king from 1154 – 1189)– Unifies justice system with
“Common Law”– Established by determining
customs and traveling court– Puts all England under the
same law– Also see early jury system
emerge with these courts
Medieval English Kingdoms• Magna Carta (1215)– King John signs under pressure from
angry barons– Protected the rights and privileges of
nobility, townspeople, church– Established basis of “due process”
• Legal action cannot be arbitrary– Must consult Great Council before
adding new taxes– Guaranteed rights to nobles
(eventually all citizens)• Monarch must obey the law
– Great Council eventually evolved into Parliament• House of Lords and House of Commons• “power of the purse”
Medieval French Kingdoms
Medieval French Kingdoms
• Capetians (beginning 987 – Hugh Capet)– Established hereditary rule– Built bureaucracy – established order
• Philip II (ruled 1180 – 1223)– Vastly expanded lands
• Normandy and Anjou (Eng. controlled) in north and lands in south
Medieval French Kingdoms
• Louis IX (ruled 1226 – 1270)– Very popular and very religious
Christian (made saint)– Religious persecution
– Centralized authority and created sense of nationalism
• Philip IV (ruled 1285 -1314)– Fought w/ Pope Bonafice VIII
– Right to tax clergy without papal consent• Eventually sent troops after the Pope• 1305 – French Pope (Clement V) elected
and decides to move court to Avignon (1309)
– Set up Estates General (clergy, nobles, townspeople)• Never as powerful as Parliament
Hundred Years War(1337 – 1453)
• Series of conflicts between England & France• 1429 – Joan of Arc (17 y.o.) tells French King
Charles VII that God told her to lead army– She had a number of military successes– Burned at the stake for witchcraft by English– Rallied French troops who view her as martyr
• French eventually regained most all French lands
Learning, Literature, & the Arts
Learning, Literature, & the Arts
• Education– Universities popping up– Greek philosophy re-emerges
• Was preserved by Muslim scholars– Scholasticism – use reason to
support Christianity• Literature
• Use of vernacular– Song of Roland, Poem of the Cid,
Divine Comedy, Canterbury Tales• Cathedrals– Romanesque → Gothic
• Taller, flying buttresses, large stained-glass
The Black Death
The Black Death(Bubonic Plague)
• Spreading through Europe by mid-1300s– Rats, fleas, unsanitary
conditions
• 1 in 3 eventually died (35 million in China)– People panicked –
couldn’t explain• Some used Jews as
scapegoat – thousands killed