kittel chapter 9 - department of physics, nthuspin/course/105s/ch 9-1.pdf · · 2016-02-24kittel...
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Kittel Chapter 9
Part 1
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Few people would define a metal as “ a solid with a Fermi surface.”
This may nevertheless be the most meaningful definition of a metal
one can give today; It represents a profound advance in the
understanding of why metals behave as they do. The concept of the
Fermi surface, as developed by quantum physics, provides a precise
explanation of the main physical properties of metals.
A. R. Mackintosh
(1936-1995) Magnetism and neutron scattering; rare-earth metals; solid-state physics
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Periodic boundary conditions
Exp (ikL) = 1
k = ± n 2p / L
FREE ELECTRON GAS IN THREE DIMENSIONS
Wave functions satisfying the free particle Schrödinger equation,
and the periodicity condition are of the form of a traveling plane wave:
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At the surface 𝝐f , Kf Fermi Sphere
Fermi Surface
at the Fermi surface 𝝐F, kf
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The shape of Fermi surface of copper is deformed by interaction with the lattice.
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Octahedron
Brillouin zone:
Truncated Octahedron
fcc reciprocal lattice bcc
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Cu Al
The shape of Fermi surface of copper is deformed due to the interaction with the lattice.
Also see page 20, Fig. 8
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Reduced Zone Scheme
k = k’ + G
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1st zone, 2nd zone, 3rd zone
Extended zone scheme
A’ A
C
Reduced zone scheme
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Extended
Reduced
Periodic
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in Fig. 6
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Periodic zone scheme
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electron-like hole-like
gradk
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Eq. 13
Shift from (a) by (-1/2 ky, 1/2 kz)
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Ashcroft Mermin Chapter 9 Electrons in a weak periodic potential
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bcc fcc
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