klumperink-ucd-highly linear mixer-first receivers and n
TRANSCRIPT
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Highly Linear Mixer-First Receivers and N-path Filters
Eric Klumperink
University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Outline
• Introduction• N-path Filter basics• Gm-Assisted & Gain-Boosted N-Path filters• Higher order Passive Filters• Exploit Positive Capacitive-Feedback• Adding Transmission zero’s• Exploit Implicit Capacitive Stacking• Conclusion
2
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Flexible RF Filtering wanted!
• Armstrong 1915 .. to • Trend Analog Digital• ADC feasibility & power:
– RF-filtering– Mix down
• Integration in CMOS• Inductors:
– Large area, poor Q– Limited tuning-range
• Challenges:– Selectivity high Q– Linearity passive R, L, C– Digitally Programmable– “SAW-less” CMOS receivers
ADC DSPRF
3
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Example of a SAW-less diversity receiver
Wanted:• High Selectivity• High linearity• Tunable fcenter
Concepts that fit:• N‐path filters• Mixer‐first RX
4
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
RC>>Ton
Ton = ¼ period
Clocks: fswitch1234
fsine fswitch
Pass/Stop depends on fsine
“Pass”
Basic N-Path Filter Concept (N=4)
5
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
RC>>Ton
fsine =1.5 fswitch
Ton = ¼ period
Clocks: fswitch1234
RC>>Ton
fsine fswitch
Pass/Stop depends on fsine
“Pass”
“Stop”
Basic N-Path Filter Concept (N=4)
6
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Equivalent R-L-C filter model
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Example: differential input4‐path filter @fs=0.5GHz:
[GhaffariJSSC11] [IzukaTCAS16][PavanTCAS17]
If ffs then:
))/2cos(1(2))/2cos(1(
22
2
NNRNNRP
CR
RRNC
p
pp 2
)(
psp Cf
L 2)2(1
Note: extra harmonic responses
N-path filter
7
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
High Q high selectivityQuality factor is high (>>10)!
Q= 2 RC N fclock
BWfQ clock
GHz
MHz
Low pass – Bandpass transformation
RC21BW
RCN21BW
clockf
Shift & shrink by N
8
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Not a new idea ...
• Down-convert + LPF + Upconvert = BPF
[Barber, Wireless Engineer, May 1947]
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Band-Pass Filter (BPF)
Band-Reject Filter (BRF)
“Commutated Networks”
[Smith1953][LePage1953]
10
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
ISSCC 1960: Go solid-state!!
[FranksISSCC60]
11
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
ISSCC 1960 Notch filter
High Q !
KC = 1000Cycles/sec
now CMOS is10.000 x faster
12
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
8-path Notch-Filter
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency [MHz]
S 21 [d
B]
S S OUT
L
P
P
P
[Ghaffari, ISSCC2012; JSSC2013]
Flexible NotchUp to ~1.2GHz
13
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
4-Path band-pass filter
[GhaffariRFIC2010,GhaffariJSSC11]
* Theory: ~1dB; meas. setup dominates
Flexibly programmable & Interference robust
~3dB loss@ 1GHz(65nm)
14
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Balanced
090180
0I+
I-
Q+
Q-
I/Q image rejection
-0.9dB conversion gain 0.9dB NF
Need Mixing? Use BB Capacitor-voltages
onTRC [CookJSSC06][SoerISSCC09]
25%
270
270
90
180R C
C
C
C
15
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Need Z-match? Add RB (or other loss)
[AndrewsJSSC10] [YangTCAS14]
𝑍 𝑅 𝑅 𝑍
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐
𝑁𝑁
[IzukaTCAS16] [PavanTCAS17]
16
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
2
Lower-Noise Z-match? Shunt-feedback
[AndrewsJSSC10]
17
Input noise current variance 1/RfbRBaseband = Rfb/(1+Av)
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Speed limitation? fT matters
• Cut-off frequency limited by MOS-switch parasitics:
• Charge sharing between CL via Cin,total
• Rough model: switched-capacitor resistor to ground (Loss)• Detailed model and analysis of series-inductance benefit:
18
𝐶𝑠𝑏
𝐶𝑔𝑠
𝑓 , 1
𝑅 , 𝐶 ,
𝑓 𝑁 1
[PavanTCAS18-1]S. Pavan, E.A.M.Klumperink, "Analysis of the Effect of Source Capacitance and Inductance on N-Path Mixers and Filters”, TCAS-I, 2017
[YangTCAS15]𝐶𝑖𝑛, 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Performance Limitations
• LO Phase Noise:– essentially an N-path filter is a set of mixers...– so: reciprocal mixing with phase noise is an issue
• Harmonic responses• Folding
19
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Outline
• Introduction• N-path Filter basics• Gm-Assisted & Gain-Boosted N-Path filters• Higher order Passive Filters• Exploit Positive Capacitive-Feedback• Adding Transmission zero’s• Exploit Implicit Capacitive Stacking• Conclusion
20
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
x N
Ro
Gm Rfvin
vinvout
vout x N
a) Increase R-level > 50e.g. Ro = 500 C/10
b) Notch in feedback BPFMiller effect “Gain Boosted”
Gm-Assisted lower power: Increase Z-level!!
• ..MHz-BW @50ohm big C, Rsw<<50 & high LO-power• Solution: higher Z-level!
Gm
Ro
[BorremansJSSC2011] [Liempd,JSSC2014][SoerISSCC2014]
[Lin/MakJSSC2014]; [LinISSCC2015] [LinTCAS1-2014][ParkISSCC/JSSC2014]
21
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Filter Shape and Stop-Band Rejection
Desired: low loss, flat in-band shape, sufficient Roll-off(more than “just a single real pole”)
Q : Component Quality Factor
Courtesy Pingyue Song & Hossein Hashemi [SongISSCC18]
22
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
High-order N-path BPFs
• Use N-path filter as parallel LC tank• Synthesize a high-order BPF with gyrator coupling• All-pole singly-terminated 6th-order BPF
Isolate the “resonators”by Gm (Inverters)
[DarvishiJSSC13]
23
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Linearity and NF
[DarvishiJSSC13]
24
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Linearity Limitation
RF
/
[Darvishi, ISSCC2013]
Active circuitlimiting the linearity!
25
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Outline
• Introduction• N-path Filter basics• Gm-Assisted & Gain-Boosted N-Path filters• Higher order Passive Filters• Exploit Positive Capacitive-Feedback• Adding Transmission zero’s• Exploit Passive Gain• Conclusion
26
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Extra filter roll-off by Passive IIR-filtering
27
[XuJSSC16]
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Passive RX N-Path BPF & Mixer architecture
• Passive early BPF for high linearity• V-I, mix & differential current subtraction
Mixer
Quadraturemixingoff-chip
[LienISSCC2017]
28
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
• LC tanks act as ‘’open’’
Current Path for In-band signals
29
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
• LC tanks act as ‘’short’’ • Blocker current circulates in R-network
for Out-of-band (OOB) signals
Mixer
30
[LienISSCC2017]
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Differential Implementation with shared switch
• Switch is shared and RSW is reduced to half• Improves linearity for both in-band and OOB
RF+
RF─
Mixer switches(large W/L)
Set DC(small W/L)
VirtualGND
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
High Linearity “Bottom-Plate Mixing”
Top-plate mixing
Bottom-plate mixing
In-band+6dB
+10dB
• BW of BPF=30MHz• Same W/L for NMOS switches• PSP MOS transistor model• 1GHz fLO• Two-tone test: f1=fLO-∆f f2=fLO-2∆f+500kHz
32
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Measured gain and S11S 1
1
─33dB/dec ─32dB/dec
28nm bulk-CMOS
33
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Outline
• Introduction• N-path Filter basics• Gm-Assisted & Gain-Boosted N-Path filters• Exploit Positive Capacitive-Feedback• Higher order Passive Filters• Adding Transmission zero’s• Exploit Implicit Capacitive Stacking• Conclusion
34
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Synthesize complex poles via feedback
Add positive feedback C2
complex poles !
while also:Low Noise
High Linearity
negative feedback C1+
Note: output impedance: ro // Co
Aa<1
35
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Outline
• Introduction• N-path Filter basics• Gm-Assisted & Gain-Boosted N-Path filters• Exploit Positive Capacitive-Feedback• Higher order Passive Filters• Adding Transmission zero’s• Exploit Implicit Capacitive Stacking• Conclusion
36
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Even more roll-off needed? Add TZs
• Increase filter slope adding transmission zeros (TZs):
Courtesy Pingyue Song & Hossein Hashemi [SongISSCC18]
37
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Implementation Problem: Charge Sharing
Courtesy Pingyue Song & Hossein Hashemi [SongISSCC18]
38
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Transmission zeros in gain boosted N-path filter
• Notch by CSE in FB(s) Overall Band-pass transfer• Add CSH: introduces notches in the transfer
39
[QiJSSC18][LuoMTT16]
Notches Transmission zero (albeit less close to the pass-band)
=0 if:
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Outline
• Introduction• N-path Filter basics• Gm-Assisted & Gain-Boosted N-Path filters• Exploit Positive Capacitive-Feedback• Higher order Passive Filters• Adding Transmission zero’s• Exploit Implicit Capacitive Stacking• Conclusion
40
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
RFIC 2019 - MO2B-4
A Sub-mW All-Passive RF Front End with Implicit Capacitive Stacking Achieving 13 dB
Gain, 5 dB NF and +25 dBm OOB-IIP3Vijaya Kumar Purushothaman, Eric Klumperink,
Berta Trullas Clavera, and Bram NautaIC Design group
University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
41[PurushothomanRFIC19]
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Typical performance N-path front-ends
42
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Objective: bring power dissipation down
43
Large power consumptionClock-generation & LO drivers• Large switches High linearity• Low phase noise Reciprocal
mixing
Low-power Mixer-first RX with similar performance
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Existing technique
44
[Lien, ISSCC 2017]
Single-ended(Ideal switch)
-
+VIN
Rs
Rs
VA+
VA-
Read-out from the top-plate of C
Φ0
C
Φ90
C
Φ180
C
Φ270
CVIN
Rs
VA
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Proposed technique - 1
45
Capacitive stacking 6 dB Conversion gain (V-V)
Read-out from the bottom-plate of C
[Lien, ISSCC 2017]
VINRs
Φ90
CVA1 VA2
Φ0
C
Φ270
CVA3 VA4
Φ180
C
Φ0
C
Φ90
C
Φ180
C
Φ270
CVIN
Rs
VA
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Voltage at the top-plate of the Capacitor
46
RC >> Ton
fin ≈ 1.0 x fLO
VINR
Φ90 C
Φ0 C
Φ270 C
Φ180 C
VRF
Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270 Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270
For ideal switches same as for top-plate mixing
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Voltage at the bottom-plate of the Capacitor
47
RC >> Ton
fin ≈ 1.0 x fLO
VRF
Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270 Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270
VINR
Φ90 C
Φ0 C
Φ270 C
Φ180 CVA1
VA1
Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270 Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Bottom-plate read out
48
Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270
RC >> Ton
fin ≈ 1.0 x fLO VB180
CB
Φ180 VA1
VINR
Φ90 C
Φ0 C
Φ270 C
Φ180 CVA1
VRF
Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270 Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270
VA1
Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270 Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270
Read out VA1 on capacitor CB during 180
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Bottom-plate read out – Capacitive stacking
49
RC >> Ton
“Implicit Capacitive stacking”(no extra switches, just re-use existing ones)Doubled voltage referred to ground!
fin ≈ 1.0 x fLO
VINR
Φ90 C
Φ0 C
Φ270 C
Φ180 CVA1
+- +
- VB180
CB
Φ180 VA1
VRF
Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270 Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270
VA1
Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270 Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270
Φ0 Φ90 Φ180 Φ270
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Summary
50
Compared to Top-plate mixer with same ‘C’• 6 dB more In-band V-V gain • Lower bandwidth
Additional 6dB conversion gainrelaxes baseband LNA design
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Out-of-band linearity–Passive mixer-first RX
51
CVINR LO
Simplified equivalent model
[Yang, TCAS2015]
𝐎𝐎𝐁 𝐈𝐈𝐏𝟑 ∝𝐑
𝐑𝐒𝐖
𝟑
ZCTVINR Rsw
Low Rsw Large Cgs Power
E.g. [Lien, ISSCC2017]
Rsw = 2 ohm OOB-IIP3 = +44 dBmClock power = 30 mW / GHz
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Impedance up-conversion
52
CVINR LO
CVINR
1:N
NVINN2R RswZCT
Source impedance, R N2R
• High OOB linearity • Low-power clock drivers • Extra V-V conversion gain
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Implementation – Top level
53
Process: GF22nm FDSOITransformer: Off-chipTurn ratio: 1:2
Clock-divider + buffer – Only power consuming blocks
NMOS Switches - 9.6um/20nm
RF capacitors (CR1 – CR8)• 6.4 pF for 50 ohm matching at 1 GHz
BB capacitors (CB1-CB4)• 4 pF Bandwidth = 15 MHzCB2
N2 N8
Φ2 Φ4 BBQ+
CB3
N3 N5
Φ3 Φ1 BBI-
Φ1 Φ2 Φ3 Φ4
2LO+
2LO- ÷2
Φ4
N4
N8
CR4
CR8
Φ3
N3
N7
CR3
CR7
Φ2
N2
N6
CR2
CR6
Φ1 N1
N5
CR1
CR5
VRF
Rs c
RF-
RF+
On-chip
CB1
N1 N7
Φ1 Φ3 BBI+
1:N
CB4
N4 N6
Φ4 Φ2 BBQ-
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Conversion gain and S11 vs LO
54
fLO : 0.6 – 1.3 GHzV-V Gain: 10 – 15 dB
Degrades at high fLO :
• Parasitic capacitance at RF terminals
• Limited bandwidth of Transformers
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Gain and Noise figure vs IF
55
Features ResultsV-V Gain ~14 dB
IF BW-3dB 16 MHz
DSB NF 5 – 6 dB
Power 0.6 mW
At fLO = 1 GHz
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Linearity and blocker tolerance
56
Features ResultsOOB – IIP3 +25 dBm
OOB – IIP2 +66 dBm
B1dB 0 dBm
Δf = 10 x IF-BW3-dB
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Comparison (High-performance mixer-first RX)
57
Features AndrewsJSSC10
NejdelRFIC15
LinISSCC15
WesterveldRFIC16
LienRFIC17
This Work
Technology (nm) 65 65 65 65 45 SOI 22 FDSOI
Frequency (GHz) 0.1 – 2.4 2 – 3 0.1 - 1.5 0.03 – 0.3 0.2 - 8 0.6 – 1.3
Power (mW) 37-70 27-75 11 @ 1.5 G 21-36 50 + 30 / 1G 0.6 @ 1G
Gain/BW (dB/MHz) 40-70 / 10 7.5 / 3 38 / 2 21-36 / 2-40 21 / 10 13 - 14 / 16
DSB NF (dB) 3 - 5 2.5 - 4.5 2.9 6 2.3 - 5.4 5 – 6
IIP3 (dBm@∆f/BW ) 25 @ 10 26 @ 10 13 @15 41 @ 20 39 @ 8 25 @ 10
IIP2 (dBm@∆f/BW ) 56 @ 10 65 @ 10 47 @ 15 90 @ 20 88 @ 8 66 @ 10
LO leakage (dBm) -65 -60 N.A. N.A. -65 < -70
Active Area (mm2) 0.75 0.23 0.028* 0.8* 0.8* 0.23
* Total area
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Comparison (Low power RF front-end)
58
Features Bryant RFIC12
LinISSCC14
SelvakumarJSSC15
LeeTMTT18
Krishnamurthy ESSCIRC18
This Work
Technology (nm) 65 65 130 28 28 22 FDSOI
Frequency (GHz) 2.45 0.43 – 0.96 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.6 – 1.3
Power (mW) 0.4 1.15 0.6 0.64 0.58 0.6 @ 1G
Gain/BW (dB/MHz) 27.5 / NA 50 / NA 55.5 / 2 50 / 1 19 / 3.6 13 - 14 / 16
DSB NF (dB) 9 8.1 15.1 6.5 11.9 5 - 6
IIP3 (dBm@∆f/BW ) -21 @ NA -20.5 @ NA
-15.8 @ 2.5 0.9 @ 10 3.3 @ 13.9 25 @ 10
Blocker NF (dB / dBm @ MHz)
NA 13.7 / -20 @ 50
NA NA NA 10 / -15 @ 80
Active Area (mm2) 0.08 0.2* 0.25 0.25 NA 0.23
Matching network LC Q=5 None LC LC Q=50 XFMR 1:4 XFMR 1:2
* Total area
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Conclusions RFIC’19 Paper
• Novel fully-passive bottom-plate mixer with differential readout– Capacitive stacking passive 6 dB voltage gain
• Impedance up-conversion via transformer– Large OOB IIP3 performance with smaller switches– Voltage amplification combined with impedance match
• A sub-mW 1-GHz RF front-end with 14 dB gain, NF < 6 dB, and +25 dBm OOB-IIP3
59
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
Overall Conclusions
• N-path filter and mixers allow for high-Q, high-linearity receivers with a digitally programmable center-frequency
• N-path Filter suppression and shape can be improved by:– Higher order filter via Transconductor/Gyrator coupling– Gain-Boosting– Adding extra switched-capacitor IIR-filtering– Exploit positive capacitive feedback– Adding transmission zeros
• Low-power variants are possible exploiting:– Gain-boosted techniques– Exploit implicit capacitor stacking and passive gain
60
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
IIP3 versus normalized offset-frequency
Note: RF-3dB BW = Equivalent RF-referred (double side-band) -3dB bandwidth
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
B1dB vs. normalized offset-frequency
Note: RF-3dB BW = Equivalent RF-referred (double side-band) -3dB bandwidth
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
• [AndrewsJSSC10] C. Andrews and A. C. Molnar, "A Passive Mixer-First Receiver With Digitally Controlled and Widely TunableRF Interface," IEEE JSSC, pp. 2696-2708, 2010.
• [Barber1947] N. F. Barber, "Narrow Band-Pass Filter Using Modulation," Wireless Engineer, pp. 132-134, 1947.• [CookJSSC06] B.Cook, A.Berny, A.Molnar, S.Lanzisera, K.Pister, “Low-power 2.4-GHz transceiver with passive RX front-end
and 400-mV supply”, IEEE JSSC, pp. 2757–2766, Dec. 2006.• [DarvishiJSSC13] M.Darvishi, R. van der Zee, B.Nauta, "Design of Active N-Path Filters," IEEE JSSC, pp.2962-2976, Dec.2013.• [FranksISSCC60] L. Franks and I. Sandberg, “An alternative approach to the realizations of network functions: The N-path filters,”
Bell Syst. Tech. J., pp. 1321–1350, Sep. 1960.• [GhaffariJSSC11] A. Ghaffari, E. Klumperink, M. Soer, and B. Nauta, “Tunable high-Q N-path band-pass filters: Modeling and
verification,” IEEE JSSC, pp. 998–1010, May 2011.• [GhaffariJSSC13] A. Ghaffari, E.A.M. Klumperink, B. Nauta, "Tunable N-Path Notch Filters for Blocker Suppression: Modeling
and Verification," IEEE JSSC, vol.48, no.6, pp.1370,1382, June 2013• [HedayatiJSSC15] H. Hedayati, W. F. A. Lau, N. Kim, V. Aparin, and K. Entesari, "A 1.8 dB NF Blocker-Filtering Noise-Canceling
Wideband Receiver With Shared TIA in 40 nm CMOS," IEEE JSSC, vol. 50, pp. 1148-1164, 2015.• [HedayatiVLSI14] [Hedayati, V. Aparin, and K. Entesari, "A +22dBm IIP3 and 3.5dB NF wideband receiver with RF and
baseband blocker filtering techniques," in 2014 Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers, 2014, pp. 1-2.• [IzukaTCAS16] T. Iizuka and A. A. Abidi, "FET-R-C Circuits: A Unified Treatment - Part I: Signal Transfer Characteristics of a
Single-Path," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 63, pp. 1325-1336, 2016; Part II: Extension toMulti-Paths, Noise Figure, and Driving-Point Impedance,”,--, vol. 63, pp. 1337-1348, 2016.
• [LePage1953] W. R. LePage, C. R. Cahn, and J. S. Brown, "Analysis of a comb filter using synchronously commutatedcapacitors," American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part I: Communication and Electronics, Tr. of the, vol. 72, pp. 63-68, 1953.
• [LuoMTT16] C. k. Luo, P. S. Gudem, and J. F. Buckwalter, "A 0.4 - 6-GHz 17-dBm B1dB 36-dBm IIP3 Channel-Selecting Low-Noise Amplifier for SAW-Less 3G/4G FDD Diversity Receivers," IEEE MTT, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 1110-1121, 2016.
• [LinTCAS14] Zhicheng Lin; Pui-In Mak; Martins, R.P., "Analysis and Modeling of a Gain-Boosted N-Path Switched-CapacitorBandpass Filter,“, IEEE TCAS-I, vol.61-9, pp.2560,2568, Sept. 2014
• [LinISSCC15] Zhicheng Lin; P.-I. Mak; R.P. Martins, "2.4 A 0.028mm2 11mW single-mixing blocker-tolerant receiver with double-RF N-path filtering, S11 centering, +13dBm OB-IIP3 and 1.5-to-2.9dB NF" ISSCC, 22-26 Feb. 2015.
References
63
Eric Klumperink – UCD 12 Aug 2019: High Linearity N-path Filters & Mixers
• [LienISSCC17] Y. Lien, E. Klumperink, B. Tenbroek, J. Strange, and B. Nauta, "A high-linearity CMOS receiver achieving+44dBm IIP3 and +13dBm B1dB for SAW-less LTE radio," ISSCC, pp. 412-413 , 2017.
• [LienJSSC18] Y. C. Lien, E. A. M. Klumperink, B. Tenbroek, J. Strange, and B. Nauta, "Enhanced-Selectivity High-Linearity Low-Noise Mixer-First Receiver With Complex Pole Pair Due to Capacitive Positive Feedback," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1-13, 2018.
• [MirzaeiTCAS11] A. Mirzaei, H. Darabi, "Analysis of Imperfections on Performance of 4-Phase Passive-Mixer-Based High-QBandpass Filters in SAW-Less Receivers," IEEE TCAS-I, pp.879,892, May 2011.
• [PavanTCAS17-1] S. Pavan, E.A.M.Klumperink, "Simplified Unified Analysis of Switched-RC Passive Mixers, Samplers, and N -Path Filters Using the Adjoint Network, IEEE TCAS-I, Vol.64, Issue 10, pp. 2714-2725, 2017.
• [PavanTCAS18-1] S. Pavan, E.A.M.Klumperink, "Analysis of the Effect of Source Capacitance and Inductance on N-Path Mixersand Filters, IEEE TCAS-I, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 1469-1480, May 2018..
• [PavanTCAS18-2] S. Pavan, E.A.M.Klumperink, “Generalized Analysis or Higher Order N-Path Mixer and Filters using the AdjointNetwork”, accepted for IEEE TCAS-I, 2018 (prepublication doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2018.2816342) .
• [PurushothomanRFIC19] Vijaya Kumar Purushothaman, Eric Klumperink, Berta Trullas Clavera, Bram Nauta, "A Sub-mW All-Passive RF Front End with Implicit Capacitive Stacking Achieving 13 dB Gain, 5 dB NF and +25 dBm OOB-IIP3“, RadioFrequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), 2019.
• [QiJSSC18] G. Qi, B. van Liempd, P. I. Mak, R. P. Martins and J. Craninckx, "A SAW-Less Tunable RF Front End for FDD andIBFD Combining an Electrical-Balance Duplexer and a Switched-LC N-Path LNA," IEEE JSSC,doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2018.2791477
• [Smith1953] B. D. Smith, "Analysis of Commutated Networks," Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics, Transactions of the IREProfessional Group on IRE Trans., vol. PGAE-10, pp. 21-26, December 1953.
• [SoerISSCC09] M.C.M.Soer, E.A.M.Klumperink, Z.Ru, F.E.van Vliet, B.Nauta,"A 0.2-to-2.0GHz 65nm CMOS Receiver WithoutLNA Achieving >11dBm IIP3 and <6.5dB NF," ISSCC, pp.222-223, Feb. 2009.
• [SoerTCAS10] M.C.M.Soer, E.A.M.Klumperink, P.T. de Boer, F.E.van Vliet, B.Nauta, "Unified Frequency-Domain Analysis ofSwitched-Series-RC Passive Mixers and Samplers," IEEE TCAS-I, pp. 2618-2631, 2010.
• [SongISSCC2018] Pingyue Song, Hossein Hashemi, “A 13th-Order CMOS Reconfigurable RF BPF with Adjustable TransmissionZeros for SAW-Less SDR Receivers”, ISSCC, pp.416-418, Feb. 2018.
• [XuJSSC16] Y. Xu and P. R. Kinget, "A Switched-Capacitor RF Front End With Embedded Programmable High-Order Filtering,"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1154-1167, 2016.
• [WesterveldRFIC16] H. Westerveld, E.A.M. Klumperink, B. Nauta, "A cross-coupled switch-RC mixer-first technique achieving+41dBm out-of-band IIP3“, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC) pp. 246-249, 2016.
• [YangTCAS2015] D. Yang, C. Andrews, and A. Molnar, "Optimized Design of N-Phase Passive Mixer-First Receivers inWideband Operation," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 2759-2770, 2015.
References
64