know the different types of energy systems finished
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When the body makes a movement energy is required and the body gets this
energy from food and transfers it. The methods which are used to generate theenergy is determined by the intensity and duration of the activity that the
participant is performing. Activities such as 100 metre sprints and jumpingrequire the body to produce large amounts of energy over a short period of time,
Unlike an activity such as cycling or long distance running which requires the
body to provide continuous energy production over a longer period of time at aslower rate. The energy transfer of energy is caused by thousands of chemical
reactions occurring , the body then maintains a continuous supple of energy by
using adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP.( Adams, Barker, Gledhill,Lydon, Mulligan, Phillippo, Sutton (2010). )
(Sprinter Usian Bolt will use large amounts over a short period, whilst Cyclist
Andy Schleck uses slow rate continued energy production over longer periods)
ATP is made up of a base of adenine and three phosphate groups. It is createdwhen a reaction between an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) molecule and a
phosphate .
ATP is a molecule that can be used for a number of things, Energy is storedwithin chemical bonds in the molecules and when the bond brakes the result is
that the energy is released and when a bond is made energy is stored. Another
way energy can be stored is when ADP binds with another phosphate energy and
then this energy stored can be used later when needed .
The energy systems of the human body can function both aerobically andanaerobically . Movements that will require sudden fast burst of effort are
powered by an energy system that does not require oxygen( anaerobic) Unlike
prolonged activities which are aerobic which means they require oxygen.
Energy is key to movement as it is required to make the muscle fibres contractsand its gained from oxidation of foods in an individuals diet and particularly
found in carbohydrate and fat.( Adams, Barker, Gledhill, Lydon, Mulligan,Phillippo, Sutton (2010).)
Carbohydrates are broken down to a sugar called glucose, which if not required
immediately by your body is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and
muscles whilst fat broken down by the body and forms free fatty acids.
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As a result of carbohydrates and fat being burned up in the body and the muscles
ATP is created, and when ATP gets broken down the result is that energy is givenoff for the movement and contractions of a muscle or groups of muscles. It is a
molecule that can supply energy that is used in contractions of the bodies musclefibres and is created in three ways . These three ways are
· Thecreatine phosphate energy system
· Lactic acid energy system· The aerobic energy system
Creatine Phosphate energy systemATP and creatine phosphate make up an energy system called ATP-PCr. Creatine
phosphate is a compound of high energy and when exercise intensity is high orthe bodies needs energy instantly the creatine phosphate that is stored in the
muscles is broken down to provide energy and makes ATP. When the high
energy bond that is stored in PCr is broken the result is that the energy that gets
realesed is used and reproduces ATP.( Adams, Barker, Gledhill, Lydon,Mulligan, Phillippo, Sutton (2010). )
Within this process ATP is usually created without oxygen or it works
anaerobically and is used for up to 10 seconds worth when working at maximum
intensity due to a limited supply of PCr. This energy system gives of energy is
short time periods but in large amounts, Athletes that require this energysystem use explosive movements such as weighlifters and 100 metre sprinters
will use this energy system as they require quick burst of large amounts of energy over a short period of time.
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ATP and energy release from the breakdown of ATP
1) %�6�66 =%�6�6�6
ATP is formed when adenisinedi hos hat e (ADP) binds wit phosphat e t o creat eATP
2) %�6�6{� }6
Whilst exercise occurs the body does not swit ch between energy syst ems the
energy that is gi en off at any time is gi en off from all three syst ems However
the emphasis changes depending on the int ensit y of the activit y relevant t o the
eff iciency of an individuals aerobic f it ness
3) %�6�66
when a cell needs energy, it break s the bond between the phosphat e groups t o
form ADP and a free phosphat e molecule
(below is a comput er creat ed diagram from google images)
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All three energy syst ems are active at any given time, but depending on the
int ensit y and duration of the activit y undert aken, different energy syst ems will
be the primary energy provider . below is a t able showing the different t ypes of
sports and the cont ributions from the three energy syst ems
Sport Creatine
Phosphat e energysyst em
Lactic acid energy
syst em
Aerobic energy
syst em
Basket ball High Moderat e Low
Rugby High Moderat e Low
Foot ball High Moderat e Low
Archery High Low -
Track sprinting
events
High High/Moderat e -
Road Cyclist Low Moderat e High
Pictures souced from google images www.google.com and
htt p://www.dailymail.co.uk /sport/othersports/article-1020573