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DESCRIPTION
Identify the parts of the neuron on the slide: Cell Body Nucleus Dendrites- Carry impulses TO CELL BODY Axons- Carry impulses AWAY FROM CELL BODY. Know this model. Know the Meninges. Dura Mater- outter most Arachnoid Mater- middle Pia Mater- innermost. Parts of the Spinal Chord. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Identify the parts of the neuron on the slide:Cell BodyNucleusDendrites- Carry impulses TO CELL BODYAxons- Carry impulses AWAY FROM CELL BODY
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Know this model
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Know the Meninges
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Dura Mater- outter mostArachnoid Mater- middlePia Mater- innermost
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Parts of the Spinal Chord
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3. Know the parts of the Spinal Cord ModelPosterior Median SulcusAnterior Median FissureCentral Canal – filled with CSF
Gray Matter-Posterior hornLateral hornAnterior hornGrey commisure- connects two halves of gray matter
White Matter-
Poterior funiculusLateral funiculusAnterior funiculus
Spinal NerveDoral root- carries sensory impulse INTO spinal cord (afferent) Dorsal root ganglion- contains SENSORY NEURON CELL BODIESVentral root- carries motor impulse AWAY from spinal cord (efferent)
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4. Know the Periphereal NervesPeripheral Nerves
ARM: Radial - outsideUlnar - insideMedian –middle
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LEG: Sciatic – can only see on the left footObturator- pass through the foramenFemoral- runs down the femur
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Know the Central Canal and the White and Gray Matter
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Know the parts of the brain modelCerebrum
Cerebral hemispheres seperated by LONGIDUTINAL FISSURECorpus Callosum- connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres
Gyri- Precentral – motor areaPostcentral – sensory area
Sulci- Central SulcusLateral Sulcus
Central Lobes-FrontalParietalTemporalOccipital
Broca’s Area- Motor speech area
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Ventricles
Lateral Ventricles 3rd Ventricle 4th Ventricle
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DiencephalonThalamus – gateway for sensory impulse (except smell)Hypothalamus- PITUITARY GLAND and PITUITARY STALKPineal Gland – Melatonin
CerebellumTransverse fissure – separate cerebrum from cerebellumArbor Vitae- pattern of white matter in cerebellum
Brain StemMidbrainPonsMedulla Oblongata
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Know the Cranial Nerves
I. Olfactory- SmellII. Optic – VisionIII. Oculomotor- 4 eye musclesIV. Trochlear- 1 eye muscleV. Trigeminal- sensory nerve of faceVI. Abducens- 1 eye muscleVII. Facial- muscles for facial expressionsVIII. Auditory- equilibrium and hearingIX. Glossopharyngeal- innervates muscle of throatX. Vagus- All major organsXI. Accesory- muscles of neck and shoulderXII. Hypoglossal- muscle of tongue
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Know the reflex arc
1. Receptor2. Sensory Neuron3. Inner Neuron4. Motor Neuron5. Effector
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Experiments
• Two point discrimination test – determines the density of touch receptors in different areas of the body.
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Pressure sense acuteness – determine the distribution of touch receptors
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Adaptation of Touch Receptors – number and strength of sensory impulses changes overt
time
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Referred Pain – where pain is felt in one part of the body when the stimulus is elsewhere
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Experiments
• Localization of Taste – mapping of the taste buds
• Hearing testsRinne’s – detects conduction deafnessWeber’s – detects nerve deafness
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Visual Acuity- 20/20 1st number is your eye, 2nd number is healthy eye
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What is this chart used for
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Accommodation- Tests how old your eyes are
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Blind Spot Determination- The blind spot is created by the area where the optic nerve connects to the retina.
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Photopupillary Reflex- Whenever the light shines in the eye the iris constricts
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• Negative Color After Image – resynthesize the pigments opposites
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Know the anatomy of the earAuricleExternal Auditory Meatus Tympanic Cavity holds
MalleusIncusStapes
Tympanic MembraneAuditory TubeOval WindowVestibuleSemicircular canalCochleaRound WindowAuditory Nerve (Vestibulocochlear)
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Know the anatomy of the EyeEyelidLacrimal GlandLacrimal Sac MUSCLES OF THE EYE
Obicularis Oculi- surrounds eyeSuperior Rectus – rolls eye upInferior Rectus- rolls eye downLateral Rectus- rolls eye outwardMedial Rectus- rolls eye inward
Superior Oblique- rolls eye downInferior Oblique- rolls eye up
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Outer tunic (layer)Sclera- whiteCornea- transparent
Middle Tunic (layer)Choroid coat- darkCiliary body with ciliary musclesSuspensory ligamentsLens- transparentIris- color varies
Pupil- hole in iris, allows light waves to reach retina, size of pupil determined by iris
Inner Tunic (layer)Retina- contains photoreceptors called RODS and CONESRODS detect light, CONES detect color
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Anterior cavity- located in front of the lens and contains AQUEOUS HUMOR
Anterior chamber- between cornea and irisPosterior chamber- between iris and lens
Posterior cavity- located between lens and retina contains VITREOUS HUMOR
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