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TRANSCRIPT
Know Your Source - The Development of a Source Water Reference Guide for Plant
Operations
Erin Gorman1 Elisa Rolon1 Ian Douglas1,2
1City of Ottawa – Drinking Water Services 2 University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering
Canadian National Conference on Drinking Water
October 27, 2014
Background
City of Ottawa Water Quality Section has accumulated a wealth of source water data going back over 100 years;
• information not easily accessible, only known to a handful of staff
• need for a technical reference guide for operations and technical staff
Answer = A Source Water Reference Guide
Guide Description
• internal technical reference guide intended for:
1) operations
2) technical support staff
3) research and consultants
4) public communication
5) emergency response (spills)
• hardcopies for process control office and technical support area, electronic format accessible on shared drive
• 1 stop shop
A Look Inside
• Chapter 1 – geology and history
• Chapter 2 – water quality data and river characteristics
• Chapter 3 – upstream pollution sources
• Chapter 4 – historical challenge events
• Chapter 5 – hydraulic river model
• Reference section for key contacts
• Appendices – tables, maps, data sets
Chapter 1 – Background
• watershed characteristics boundaries
geology, hydrology
history
land cover
population
-large watershed, mostly wilderness -low turbidity, high organics & colour -limited human impact upstream
Ottawa River
Forest 75.2%
Wetland1.4%
Grassland/Shrub5.5%
Agriculture6.1%
Rock/Barren0.6% Water
10.1%
Developed0.6%
Other/Unclassified0.5%
Ottawa River WatershedLand Cover
Chapter 2 – Water Quality Data
• 100 years - water levels
• 80 years - physical raw water quality
• 50 years - flow data
• 40 years - metals & nutrients
• summarized into subsections; physical, chemical, radiological, microbiological
• Annex at the end to include all raw data
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max 761 336 796 1,121 1,743 1,159 774 648 615 1,186 913 1,302
Average 665 593 607 989 1,437 747 471 355 328 544 678 724
Min 534 591 647 1,050 540 524 405 317 277 290 459 534
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
Ottawa River : Average Monthly Minimum, Maximum and Average Flow Rate (m3/s) 1961-2012 : Deschenes Rapids at Britannia
Flo
wra
te (
m3
/s)
Physical
Seasonal Trends
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
1-J
an
1-F
eb
1-M
ar
1-A
pr
1-M
ay
1-J
un
1-J
ul
1-A
ug
1-S
ep
1-O
ct
1-N
ov
1-D
ec
NTU
Ottawa River: Daily Temperature, Turbidity, and Alkalinity Levels Lemieux Island Water Purification Plant Intake 2013
Temp Alkalinity Turbidity
Alk
alin
ity
(mg
CaC
O3
/L)
Tem
per
atu
re
0
50
100
150
200
250
Jan
mar
May
Jul
Sep
No
v
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
No
v
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
No
v
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
No
v
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
No
v
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
No
v
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Raw Water Giardia Concentrations 2008-2013 Corrected for % Recovery – Britannia Water Purification Plant Intake
Giardia-Brit
Giardia-Lem
cyst
s/1
00
L
Pathogens
Raw Water Quality Overview (2009-2013)
Chemical Dissolved Organic Carbon (mg/L) 6.8 5.6 - 8.1
Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3) 28 18 - 45
pH 7.41 7.21-7.58
UV254 (abs/cm) 0.26 0.20 - 0.29
Total Hardness (CaCO5) 32 23 - 41
Microbiological Total Coliform (cfu/100mL) 748 20 - 17,330
E. coli (cfu/100mL) 11 0 - 867
Radiological Gross Alpha (Bq/L) 0.01 < 0.01- 0.04
Gross Beta (Bq/L) 0.04 <0.01 - 0.06
Tritium (Bq/L) 5.0 <3 - 16.6
Average Range
Physical Temperature (OC) 11 0 - 28oC
Turbidity (NTU) 3.3 1.3 - 26.6
Colour (TCU) 37 26 - 47
Parameter
Average Concentration Range # Samples Laboratory Date
Total Coliform cfu/100mL
815 20 - >2420 1825
(2009-2013) ROPEC ongoing
E. coli cfu/100mL
15 0 – 614 1825
(2009-2013) ROPEC ongoing
Cryptosporidium (corrected for % recovery)
oocysts/100L 7 0 - 99
156 (2008-2013)
ALS/EPCOR ongoing
Giardia (corrected for % recovery)
cysts/100L 30 0 - 200
156 (2008-2013)
ALS/EPCOR ongoing
Ottawa River Source Water Pathogen Summary (1994-2014)
Virus mpniu/L
0.22 0.02 - 0.59 24 INRS Laboratory 2008-2011
Campylobacter cells/100mL
0.67 0 – 4 16 University of Waterloo 2011-2012
Salmonella cells/100mL
0 0 - 2 8 University of Waterloo
2011-2011
E. coli 0157:H7 cells/100mL
0 0 8 University of Waterloo
2011-2012
(cfu/100mL) Fecal Streptococci 18.5 - 20 University of Ottawa 1994
Clostridium perfringens 7.6 - 5 University of Ottawa 1994
Fecal Coliform 55 - 17 University of Ottawa 1994
Aeromonas sp. 43.5 - 10 University of Ottawa 1994
Somatic coliphages 53.2 - 13 University of Ottawa 1994
Chapter 3 - Potential Upstream Pollution Sources
I. upstream sewage discharges
II. major industrial sources I. Pulp & Paper
II. Chalk River (AECL)
III. Mining & Tailing Ponds
III. local storm water & combined sewer overflows
Les Mines Agnico-Eagle
Atomic Energy Canada Limited
(Chalk River)
SMC Canada
Xstrata Canada
Tembec Industries
Mines Richmont Inc.
Chapter 4 – Seasonal/Spill Events
• identifies and describes seasonal and challenge events, actions taken, plant performance and outcomes
– Wind storms
– Tritium spill
– Diesel spill
– Spring run off
– Frazil Ice
Turbidity Event
• heavy rainfall during dry conditions caused severe local erosion
• 1 week duration (Sept 2010)
• turbidity 3 12 NTU
• 16 hour travel time between plants
consistent with hydraulic model
calculations
Turbidity plume in core section
of river
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
Bq
/L
Elapsed Time (days) From Spill
Ottawa Raw/Treated Tritium Profile from Chalk River Spill
Ottawa Raw
Ottawa Treated
onset of plume at 17 days
peak concentration at 23 days
Freon Spill Model Accidental release 1400m upstream from Lemieux Water Purification Plant
•March 2009
•6000lbs of Freon-22
released over a 24hr
period
•outlet for cooling
system discharged into
storm drain
Chapter 5 – Travel Time Model
• model approximate travel times from
potential pollution sources to Britannia
intake
-travel time
-distance
-peak concentration/duration
Ottawa River Watershed
•areas upstream that would potentially
affect Ottawa
•divided into 15 reaches (areas with
similar features and topography)
References & Appendices
• Contact information: – industries
– stakeholders
– Municipalities
– Ontario Power Generation
• Appendix to include full source water
data sets
Ontario Power Generation (Chenaux)
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
Next Steps
• reviewing final edits
• on shelves in the New Year
• Would like to recognize: – Ottawa Drinking Water Services Dept
– Ottawa Environmental Business Services Dept
– Ottawa Planning and Growth Management Dept
– Baird and Associates Engineering