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PETIR DAN MASYARAKAT MODERN

MODERN SOCIETY

Production Function :- Airport, Transportation - Hospital, TV station, Radio- Intelegent Buildings- Industries, Oil & Gas, etc

INFRASTRUCTURE

- Facilities- Electric Power- Telecommunication- Data Processing- Instrument & Control

CBCLOUD

R

PREVENTION DAMAGE/ DESTRUCTIONSingleSimultan

PanicCatastrophic

Lightning Characteristic

LPS1. External Protection2. Internal Protection

LPATS1. Detection Process 2. LPS Design3. Emergency Planning 4. Fault Analysis5. Safety 6. Reliability7. Prediction 8.Preventive Maint.

AKTIF

PASIF

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ARAH ANGIN

ANGIN NAIK

ARAH ANGINPERMUKAAN TANAH+25

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r = 6,7 i (m)0.8

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:

13

DownwardDownwardLeaderLeader

Return StrokeReturn Stroke

Competing Competing Upward LeaderUpward Leader

Stepped Stepped LeaderLeader

Terjadi SambaranPetir

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8

15

Statistik arus puncak (i) tropis dan sub-tropis

16

4

5

Europe by Karl Berger, measured at Mt San Salvatore , Switzerland : (1) petir pertama total, (2) petir negatif, (3) petir positif. Indonesia by Reyn aldo Zoro, measured at Mt Tangkuban Perahu : (4) petir negatif, (5) petir pos itif

Sub-tropis20 kA

Tropis40 kA

9

*=, %3

17

(1) Europe by Karl Berger, measured at Mt San Salva tore, Switzerland. (2) Indonesia by Reynaldo Zoro, measured at Mt Tangkuban Perahu

Sub-tropis18 kA/us

Tropis30 kA/us

(%*=,"*#4>,

Waktu Mencapai Puncak ; t = 1,34 us

Arus Puncak Petir :i = 40 kA

Kecuraman Arus Petir di/dt = 30 kA/us

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Guinness book of world record

22

Kerapatan Sambaran Petir di P. Jawa

12

23

Kerapatan Sambaran Petir di Jawa Barat

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Karakteristik Petir PolaritasNegatif

PolaritasPositif

Arus Puncak( i )

Maksimum TangkubanPerahu

280 kA 298 kA

Jawa Barat 335 kA 392 kA

Probability 50 % 40 kA 18 kA

Rata-rata 41 kA 30 kA

Kecuraman(di/dt)

Maksimum 119 kA/ mmmms 120 kA/ mmmms

Probability 50 % 30 kA/ mmmms 20 kA/ mmmms

Kerapatan Sambaran (sambaran/km 2/tahun) 4,1 12,4 1,5 3,8

Kerapatan Sambaran Total (sambaran/km 2/tahun)

7,9 15,5

26

14

/H!

Simangkok

15

("$2

7"(2$

Statistik Variansi Bulanan Kejadian Petir di Wilaya h Galang - Simangkok(1 Januari 1999- 31 Oktober 2002), Window 200 x 60 Km2

2 42

1115

4050

1285

463 7

85

5229

190

2087

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1 43

276

269

136

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1921

1251

3 87

1500

4828

1628

566

1118

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1704

2168

754

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500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

Jan Feb March April May June July Augt Sept Oct Nov Dec

Str

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Negative Positive Total

16

I2*$!J,Statistik Frekuensi Harian Kejadian Petir di Wilaya h Galang - Simangkok

(1 Januari 1999- 31 Oktober 2002), Window 200 x 60 Km2

0

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Bin

NEGATIVE STROKES POSITIVE STROKES CLOUD STROKES

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32

17

Shielding Failure

Flashover

Back Flashover

Induced Over voltage

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0

Current discharge up to 400kA (recorded on TnB, Malaysia

Overvoltage is equalent to line surgeimpedance (400 W) x current discharge.

Average discharge is 30kA Average overvoltage is over 4MV

On 110kV not equiped, flashover rate due to shielding failure :

1 to 2 / 100km of line / year

Direct stroke on the lines = Shielding Failure

Direct stroke on the shielding wire

8=

Stroke on the shielding wire that, due to the footing resistance, increase the voltage on the pole, leading to back flashover

Direct stroke on the shielding wire

Backflashover

On 110kV not equiped, flashover rate due to backflashover:

10 to 14 / 100km of line / year

Total Flashover due to Lightning In PEA (Thailand), without protection the

standard flashover rate is around : 13-16 flashes/100 km/year

=> Improvement can reduce down to about 4 flashes/100 km/year.

19

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Induksi pada Jaringan 20 kV & merusak Trafo akibat sambaran petir pada menara Telekomunikasi

5

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Pole with line arrester a span ahead of 36BL01 pole

Broken conductor

36BL01 pole

Pole with line arrester

Broken pin insulator

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2. Penghantar Turun

3. Sistem Grounding

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1. Touch Voltage

2. Indirect Strike

3. Direct Strike

4. Side Flash

5. Step Voltage

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Death

Transient paralysisKematian akibat beda tegangan

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IV

36

Pemasangan groundingRod pada kaki Tower pada struktur tiangBeton

"2 (N 6(" %" 2

Grounding Rod Tampak Samping

Grounding Rod Tampak Atas

37

PemasanganGrounding Rod padabagian kaki Tower sepanjang track, pada struktur tiangbaja atau besi

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38

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40

PENGUKURAN IMPEDANSI GROUNDING DENGAN PETIR DIPANCING ROKET (EDF)

Bentuk elektroda yang diuji

/78!$7+8$

Grounding fondasi memberikan nilai Tahanan Impuls semakin kecil dengan makin curam nya gelombang petir

41

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