knr 253 processing/debriefing cain, cummings, & stanchfield, 2005 dattilo, 2008
TRANSCRIPT
KNR 253 Processing/Debriefing
Cain, Cummings, & Stanchfield, 2005
Dattilo, 2008
John Dewey
Father of experiential education
In order to truly learn from an experience there must be some reflection
Philosophy for experiential education & adventure education
Experiential Learning
After activity comes reflection Followed by application of new information
Kolb
People do not solely learn, grow, or change from an experience Rubber chickens can be just a fun game unless help
participants see meaning beyond activity
Processing Helps make connections between experience and real life Creates the meaning of an activity
Experiential Learning
Often not done Not know how to do effectively Not leave enough time Get so involved in activity
Processing activities can be dynamic & engaging
There is no one time or way to process Sometimes will hear debriefing used for end and
process occurring at anytime
Processing Is….
Umbrella term for many facilitation techniques
Designed to help people describe, reflect, analyze, & communicate about experience
Directed to help people generalize what learned in an activity to everyday life
Vital technique to use in leisure education
Processing
An activity during a facilitated experience that helps participants to: Better understand the purpose of the experience Bring closure to an activity Reflect upon the experience Express feelings about the experience Evaluate individual & group performance Transfer the lessons of the experience to future
experiences
Continuum of Processing Techniques
Participant- Facilitator-Centered CenteredProcessing Processing
Mountains Speak Q&A Metaphoric
No Facilitator Manipulation Chiji Cards
Processing
Need a variety of techniques/activities Base on multiple intelligences
Logical, kinesthetic, visual, etc. Base on stage of group formation
Examples
Journal Conversation Writing Art projects Dramatic
presentations
Dyads Activity sheets Drawing Music Dance
4 Forms Noted by Dattilo
Frontloading
Debriefing
Giving feedback
Use of metaphors
Processing
Frontloading Highlight learning prior to activity Review learning from previous activity What behaviors will result in success or hinder
success
Processing
Debriefing Reflection after an activity to bring about change Can occur in relation to each individual activity of
a session Can occur at end of entire session Too many questions after each activity effect the
flow of the session Can use one thought-provoking question
What is the most important thing you are taking away from this activity?
Processing
Debriefing Make sure objectives are met
Medicaid identified a billable session as those therapeutic interventions for processing client’s goals & objectives
Deb Tiger, 2010
Processing
Giving feedback Learning by telling Should be descriptive vs. evaluative Focus on strengths Well-timed
Use of metaphors Connection between experience & life
Hints
Create safe & positive learning environment Group norms about judgments during processing Tell why processing
Sequence processing Begin simple, get more in-depth later
Allow members to pass People can learn even if not share with group When learn to trust will share at own pace
Allow for some superficial answers/comments Silences are OK
Can allow people to formulate ideas
Hints
Mix up methods Can have small groups for processing Do not always have to have a gimmick
Processing can happen at any time not just when activity is over
Processing requires planning Tools to be held in hands TRS not only needs a big bag of activities but
also a big bag of processing techniques
5 Questions
Did you notice…? Leader must be observant for meaningful events Did you notice that a few people really took a
leadership role? Why did that happen? Does that happen in life? Why does that happen? How can you use that?
Jacobson & Ruddy, 2004
Traditional Items
Body Part Debrief - $40 Chiji Dice - $35 Chiji Cards - $20 Emotion Cards - $35 Fortune Cookie - $75
Where To Find Traditional Items
Online at
http://www.adventureworks.org/
http://www.experientialtools.com/ http://store.training-wheels.com/
Non-Traditional Items
First Aid Kit Legos Building Blocks Playing Cards Beach Ball
Let your imagination run wild!!!!!
Where to Find Non-Traditional Items
Home/office Magazines Old birthday cards Party Store Garage Sale Dollar Store
ACTIVITY
Prioritizing Work Values
Good pay Being challenged Being able to give
input Having independence Opportunity for
advancement Coworker
relationships
Good hours Being stimulated Having people’s
respect Job security Equal opportunity
Pride in work
Prioritizing Leisure Values
Learning Staying at home Physical challenge Planning in advance Playing catch up Being alone
Socializing Going somewhere Excitement Spontaneous Fulfill commitments Keeping my mind off
work
Prioritizing Relationship Values
Laughter Independent interests Open communication Honesty Not clinging Romance
Common interests Physically attractive Trust Open about feelings Puts me first Intelligent