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SWrucWural Analysis of HisWorical ConsWrucWions – Jerzy Jasieńko (ed) © 2012 DPNH ProcławH PolandH ISSN 0860-2395H ISBN 978-83-7125-216-7

Ak AoCefqbCqroAi Aka bkdfkbbofkd AmmolACe ql CliibCq cfbia fkclojAqflk clo qeb pbfpjfC obqolcfqqfkd lc efpqlofC bAoqebk Brfiafkdp fk mbor Claudáa CancánçNI para iardánçásO ABpqoACq auring íhe NVVMsI íhe deííó Conservaíion fnsíiíuíe EdCfF invesíigaíed íhe seismic éerformance of hisíoric adobe sírucíures in California and develoéed reírofií meíhods íhaí éreserved íheir auíheníiciíóK collowing íhe OMMT misco earíhquake in meruI íhe dCf éarínered wiíh íhe jinisíerio de Culíura del merúI íhe moníificia rniversidad Caíólica del merúI and íhe rniversiíó of _aíh ío form íhe peismic oeírofiííing mrojecí in meruK qhe érojecí aims ío design and íesí hisíorical and new reírofiííing íechniques using numerical modeling analósisI as well as dónamic and síaíic íesíingX érovide guidance for íhose reséonsible for imélemeníaíionX andI work wiíh auíhoriíies ío gain acceéíance of íhese íechniquesK fnJdeéíh analóses were éerformed for four meruvian buildings reéreseníaíive of íóéologies in íhe regionK qhe selecíed buildings include íhe nineíeeníhJceníuróI íhreeJsíoró adobe and quincha eoíel bl Comercio in iima and íhe seveníeeníhJceníuróI íwoJsíoró adobe Casa Arones in CuscoK qwo religious sírucíures were also selecíedW íhe seveníeeníhJceníuróI adobe Church of huño qambo near CuscoI and íhe Caíhedral of fcaI builí in NTRV wiíh adobe walls and quincha éillarsI vaulísI and domes and heaviló damaged bó earíhquakes in OMMT and OMNNK qhis éaéer éresenís íhe general érojecí meíhodologó and describes how differení disciélines worked íogeíher ío éreéare a consírucíion assessmení for íhe selecíed building éroíoíóées íhaí analózed íheir consírucíion deíails and maíerial condiíionsK qhe éaéer also esíablishes a seí of guidelines ío define íhe necessaró informaíion ío be collecíed in íhe field as éarí of a consírucíion assessmení ío éroéerló develoé numerical modeling analóses and íheir comélemeníaró laboraíoró íesíingK

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NK fkqolarCqflk qhe remarkable diversiíó of earíhen heriíage – ranging from anciení archaeological siíes ío living ciíies and from íhe vernacular ío íhe monumeníal – éresenís equalló coméleñ conservaíion challengesK baríhen buildingsI íóéicalló classified as unreinforced masonró sírucíuresI are eñíremeló vulnerable ío earíhquakes and subjecí ío sudden collaése during a seismic eveníI eséecialló if lacking éroéer and regular careK jainíenance of earíhen buildings is meaní ío be regularló carried ouí bó íhe communiíies who use íhemX howeverI in manó éarís of íhe world íodaóI íhis íradiíion of regular reéair has been losí or is noí carried ouí in name of éreserving íhe hisíoric fabricI which seems ío go againsí íhe inírinsic naíure and evoluíion of íhe veró buildings which are being éreservedK qhis siíuaíion is even more criíical in seismic areas where earíhen buildings need ío be mainíained and uégradedI as íheó were in íhe éasíI in order ío wiíhsíand seismic evenísK

N mrojecí péecialisíI qhe deííó Conservaíion fnsíiíuíeI cield mrojecís deéarímeníI CCancino]geííóKedu O mrojecí péecialisíI qhe deííó Conservaíion fnsíiíuíeI cield mrojecís deéarímeníI piardinois]geííóKedu

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qo address íhis issueI íhe deííó Conservaíion fnsíiíuíe EdCfF has develoéed meíhodologies for íhe conservaíion of earíhen archiíecíural heriíage in California and abroad for íhe lasí íwo decadesK auring íhe NVVMsI íhe dCf carried ouí a major research and laboraíoró íesíing érogram – íhe deííó peismic Adobe mrojecí EdpAmF – íhaí invesíigaíed íhe éerformance of hisíoric adobe sírucíures during earíhquakes and develoéed reírofií meíhods íhaí subsíaníialló éreserve íheir auíheníiciíó xNJPzK fn Aéril OMMSI íhe dCf hosíed a colloquium aí íhe deííó Ceníer in ios Angeles which assembled a mulíidisciélinaró groué of siñíó iníernaíional séecialisís ío assess íhe efficacó and imélemeníaíion of íhe guidelines develoéed under íhe dpAmK qhe éaríiciéanís concluded íhaí íhe dpAm meíhodologó was reliable and effecíiveI buí iís reliance uéon highJíech maíerials and érofessional eñéeríise was a deíerrení ío ií being more wideló imélemeníed x4zK qo address íhisI íhe dCf joined forces wiíh íhe aeéarímení of Archiíecíure and Civil bngineering of íhe rniversiíó of _aíh in íhe rniíed hingdomI íhe bscuela de Ciencias e fngeniería Epchool of pcience and bngineeringF of íhe moníificia rniversidad Caíólica del merúI and íhe jinisíerio de Culíura del merú ío creaíe íhe peismic oeírofiííing mrojecíK meru was selecíed as íhe locaíion for íhe work due ío íhe currení and hisíorical knowledge and érofessional iníeresí in íhe subjecíI íhe ongoing revision of íhe kqbJUM korma qécnica del AdobePI and a érofessional bodó wiíh whom ío éaríner for íhe imélemeníaíion of íhese íechniques as éarí of a model conservaíion érojecíK

OK qeb pbfpjfC obqolcfqqfkd molgbCq qhe peismic oeírofiííing mrojecí EpomF will adaéí íhe dpAm reírofiííing guidelines for use in couníries where equiémeníI maíerialsI and íechnical skills are noí readiló available bó éroviding lowJíech seismic reírofiííing íechniques and easóJíoJimélemení mainíenance érograms for hisíoric earíhen buildings in order ío imérove íheir seismic éerformance while éreserving íheir hisíoric fabricK qhe final ouícome of íhe érojecí will be a seí of íechnical guidelines and manuals for íhe imélemeníaíion of íhese íechniquesK OKNK mroject methodology As éarí of íhe érojecíI íhe pom éaríners develoéed a meíhodologó EcigK NF ío analóze íhe seismic éerformance of hisíoric buildings based uéon íheir currení condiíions in order ío design and íesí suiíable reírofiííing íechniquesK All érojecí acíiviíies can be divided in four éhases covering ENF researchI EOF analósisI íesíingI and reírofiííing designI EPF disseminaíionI and E4F imélemeníaíionK OKOK pelection of building prototypes As éarí of íhe firsí éhaseI four building íóéologies were selecíed for síudóK bach selecíed íóéologó was ío reéresení buildings íhaí are érioriíies for seismic reírofiííing based uéon íheir level of hisíoric and archiíecíural significanceX íhe currení lack of – and íhus greaíer need for – reírofiííing soluíionsX and íheir demonsíraíion of íóéical modes of failureI so íhaí íheir reinforcing íechniques would be able ío be more wideló aéélied ío oíher hisíoric earíhen siíesK Afíer careful evaluaíion íhe following sírucíures were selecíedW eoíel bl Comercio Eqóéologó NFI a nineíeeníh ceníuró resideníial building in íhe hisíoric ceníre of iimaI consírucíed wiíh adobe walls aí íhe firsí floorI quincha walls aí íhe second and íhird floorsI and a flaí roofX íhe Caíhedral of fca Eqóéologó OF in fcaI an eighíeeníh ceníuró building consírucíed wiíh íhick adobe walls and quincha éillarsI vaulísI and domesI íhaí was damaged during íhe OMMT misco earíhquakeX íhe Church of huño qambo Eqóéologó PFI a seveníeeníh ceníuró building near CuscoI consírucíed wiíh íhick adobe walls and a wood íruss roof and decoraíed wiíh mural éainíingsX andI Casa Arones Eqóéologó 4FI a seveníeeníh ceníuró resideníial building in íhe hisíoric ceníre of CuscoI consírucíed wiíh íwoJsíoró adobe walls and wood íruss roof EcigK OF4K P qhis íechnical norm–commonló known as kçrãa del Adçbe–was creaíed ío regulaíe seismicallóJresisíaní new

adobe consírucíion and was added for íhe firsí íime ío íhe meruvian kaíional _uilding Code in NVURK qhe kqb bKMUM was originalló designed bó a groué of archiíecís and engineers who were members of íhe kçrãa del Adçbe commiííee EklojAF creaíed aí íhe pervicio kacional de Caéaciíación éara la fndusíria de la Consírucción EpbkCfCl – kaíional qraining pervice for íhe Consírucíion fndusíró – a governmeníal agencóI éarí of íhe jinisíró of eousing and ConsírucíionFK qhe kqb bKMUM was reviewed and éublished again in OMMMK

4 nuáncha is a íóée of waííle and daub consírucíion sósíem consisíing of canes woven íhrough wood frames and covered wiíh mud élasíerK

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cigK N pom meíhodologó

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PKNK mrinciplesI recommendations and guidelines qhere are a handful of documenís éublished bó fCljlp scieníific commiííees or oíher érofessional organizaíions ío “boíh ensure raíional meíhods of analósis and reéair meíhods aééroériaíe ío íhe culíural coníeñí” xRzK qhe fníernaíional pcieníific Commiííee for Analósis and oesíoraíion of pírucíures of Archiíecíural eeriíage EfpCAopAeF has develoéed érinciéles ío guide íhe sírucíural conservaíion of hisíoric buildingsI addressing researchI diagnosisI iníerveníionsI and moniíoringK qhe associaíed fpCAopAe guidelines érovide a meíhodologó for evaluaíing hisíoric buildingsI beginning wiíh íhe acquisiíion of significaní sírucíural daía íhrough hisíoricalI sírucíural and archiíecíural invesíigaíionsI condiíion surveósI moniíoringI and mulíiJéhase laboraíoró íesíing érogramsK qhe collecíed informaíion is íhen used ío undersíand íhe sírucíural behavior of íhe building under síudóI ío make a diagnosis and éreéare a safeíó evaluaíionI andI lasí buí noí leasíI ío design anó necessaró remedial measuresK A recení fníernaíional Council for oesearch and fnnovaíion in _uilding and ConsírucíionJCf_ éublicaíion érovides more deíailed informaíion on íhe íóée of daía ío be collecíed

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and also érovides a selecíed bibliograéhó wiíh case síudies and meíhodologies xSzK fn boíh éublicaíionsI íhe daía acquisiíion érocess is ideníified as criíical ío íhe develoémení of a siíe’s sírucíural diagnosis and correséonding iníerveníionsK Anó misiníeréreíaíion of daía maó creaíe a false analósisI diagnosisI and íherefore inadequaíe or inaééroériaíe remedial measureK qhusI a clear undersíanding of íhe íóée of daía ío be collecíedI íhe meíhod for collecíing iíI whenI and bó whom becomes a criíical aséecí of anó sírucíural iníerveníionK

cigK O qhe four éroíoíóée buildingsI clockwise from uééer lefíW eoíel bl ComercioI Caíhedral of fcaI Casa AronesI and Church of huño qambo EcrediísW qhe gK maul deííó qrusíI OMNMF

qhe pom érojecí followed íhe fpCAopAe érinciéles and guidelinesK fí was necessaró for íhe mulíidisciélinaró érojecí íeamI coméosed of sírucíural engineersI archiíecísI and conservaíorsI ío agree uéon whaí íóée of informaíion was neededI for whaí éuréose ií was neededI and íhe level of deíail required ío meeí íhe needK thile íhis érocess would aééear ío be siméleI ií éroved ío be a challenge for íhe érojecí íeam ío deíermine whaí informaíion was necessaró ío obíain from íhe surveós in order ío develoé an accuraíe building geomeíró ío build boíh íhe numerical models and íhe laboraíoró models for íhe íesíing of sírucíural connecíionsK lne of íhe keó challenges was ío agree uéon a meíhodologó for obíaining íhe daía ío éreéare archiíecíural élans and sírucíural deíails Eusing íoíal síaíionI íhreeJdimensional scansI hand measuremenísI of some combinaíion of íhe íhreeF and íhe final formaí of íhe informaíion EíwoJ or íhreeJdimensional CAa drawingsI skeíchesI or videosFK josí iméoríanílóI in íhose cases where íhe íóée of daía needed was noí easiló availableI íhe íeam had ío agree uéon whaí íóées of assuméíions were acceéíable ío make based uéon íhe informaíion íhaí was availableK qhis éroblem is encouníered bó manó érofessionals working in íhe field and largeló has ío do wiíh how differení disciélines are írainedK cinding a common ground is no easó íaskK PKOK mostJearthquake data collection mosíJearíhquake assessmenís offer an oééoríuniíó ío undersíand whó buildings fail and érovide informaíion íhaí can serve as íhe basis of iméroving íheir seismic éerformanceK qhe iníeréreíaíion of seismic damage is based uéon íhe surveóor’s éasí eñéerience and knowledge of íhe local geological condiíionsX íhe ground moíion iníensiíóX íhe condiíion of íhe building maíerialEsF and consírucíion

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íechniqueEsF aí íhe íime of íhe earíhquakeX andI íhe seismic éerformance of similar sírucíuresK fí is challenging ío find érofessionals íhaí have eñéeríise in all of íhese knowledge areasK qhusI ií is necessaró ío assemble a mulíidisciélinaró íeam when develoéing a éosíJearíhquake assessmeníK ff damages are misiníeréreíed and noí furíher analózedI fuíure iníerveníions could cause even more harm ío hisíoric siíesK moríer has alreadó carried ouí a comérehensive liíeraíure review of íhe eñisíing éosíJearíhquake assessmenís surveó forms and eméhasizes íhe need of clear érocedures and definiíions for boíh surveóors and daía usersI síandardized damage caíegorizaíion sósíemsI and scieníific meíhods ío verifó surveó éreliminaró conclusions xTzK PK2KNK qhe case çf the máscç earthquake mrior ío íhe ideníificaíion of pom building íóéologiesI íhe souíhern coasí of meru was hií bó a jt TKVJUKM magniíude iníerélaíe earíhquake on Augusí NRI OMMT xUzK crom lcíober OU ío kovember OI OMMTI íhe dCfI working in collaboraíion wiíh oíher meruvian insíiíuíionsI led a mulíidisciélinaró íeam of naíional and iníernaíional earíhquake engineersI éreservaíion archiíecísI and conservaíorsI which visiíed and raéidló assessed a íoíal of fouríeen damaged buildingsKR qhe main objecíives of íhis assessmení were ío visualló evaluaíe íhe damaged siíesI recording éreeñisíing condiíions íhaí maó have affecíed íheir seismic éerformanceI and ío make hóéoíheses abouí modes of failuresI being careful abouí making anó definiíive conclusions aí such an earló éhase xVzK

cigK P mosíJearíhquake assessmení daía collecíion érocess EcrediísW Claudia CancinoI qhe gK maul deííó qrusíI OMNOF

qhe éreliminaró findings on seismic behaviors were based uéon observaíion onlóX andI íhe íeam was well aware íhaí scieníific daía ío quesíionI éroveI or denó íhose séeculaíions was neededK eoweverI R purveó éaríiciéanísW korma _arbacciI Claudia CancinoI jiguel CruchagaI píeéhen carneíhI gosé darcíaI

mhiliéée darnierI gorge iambarriI maíricia kavarroI jario pegamiI jirna poíoI iuis sillacoríaI tilfredo qorresI rrbano qejadaI gulio sargasI cred tebsíerI guan mablo de la mueníeI and Ana jaría eoóleK

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íhese findings did serve as íhe basis for a deíailed surveó assessmení of íhe pom building éroíoíóéesI which is furíher eñélained in secíion PKP of íhis éaéerK cor eñaméleI íhe éreliminaró éosíJearíhquake assessmení ideníified failure of íhe quincha wallsI vaulísI and domes as one of íhe keó modes of failureK fí noíed íhaí during seismic evenísI íhe quincha éillars and massive adobe walls moved indeéendeníló once connecíions failedI leading ío loss of bearing for íhe sírucíural elemenís and éreciéiíaíing collaése of íhe quincha vaulís and domesK qhe surveó íeam observed íhaí aí mosí affecíed siíesI íhe wood connecíions were in éoor condiíionI wiíh íermiíe damage and briííle leaíher síraésI and íhaí íhe cane reed was deíached from íhe sírucíureK AlsoI íhere were laóers of heavó cemení élasíer on íoé of íhe original quincha roof sírucíuresK then íhese condiíions were noí éresení and íhe wood connecíions were in good condiíion or consírained bó oíher elemenísI íhe main arches forming íhe vaulís remained iníacíI wiíh collaése of onló íhe iníermediaíe vaulí secíions or no collaése aí allK _uilding on íhese iniíial findingsI íhe surveó form develoéed for íhe pom building éroíoíóées éaid éaríicular aííeníion ío íhe maíerials and condiíions of íhe wood connecíions aí íhe roof sírucíureI as well as érevious iníerveníions íhaí maó have added load ío íhe sírucíureK _ased on íhe éosíJearíhquake assessmení eñéerienceI íhe following charí EcigK PF summarizes íhe íóée of daía ío be collecíed érior ío and during a raéid éosíJearíhquake evaluaíionSW PKPK Construction data collection auring íhe research and invesíigaíive éhasesI furíher daía ío assess íhe four éroíoíóées’ sírucíural sósíemsI maíerialsI condiíionsI and connecíions was acquired íhrough archiíecíuralI condiíionI and sírucíural surveós EcigK 4FI and also íhrough archival researchK qhe collecíed daía was used ío éroduce an assessmení reéorí íhaí is now being used for íhe consírucíion of éaríial and global numerical models of íhe éroíoíóéesI as well as for íhe comélemeníaró dónamic and síaíic íesíing of maíerialsI connecíionsI and coméonenís xNMzK

cigK 4 Consírucíion daía collecíion érocess charí aéélied ío íhe four building éroíoíóées EcrediísW Claudia CancinoI qhe gK maul deííó qrusíI OMNOF

S qhis charí is based on érevious surveó forms develoéed bó íhe dpAm érojecí ENVVSF as well as íhe ones

suggesíed in pir _ernard jK ceilden’s Between qwç barthquakes ENVUTFI íhe AqCJOM oaéid bvaluaíion corm ENVVSFI and íhe bbof EOMMMF bngineered _uildings and Archiíecíural and konsírucíural blemenís cormsK

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PKPKNK Cçndátáçns graphác recçrdáng and survey fçrãs cor íhe éuréoses of íhe surveóI each building was divided inío secíorsI based uéon how íhe buildings maó éerform during a seismic eveníK A general surveó form was develoéed ío gaíher informaíion on íhe sírucíure as a wholeI and secíorJbóJsecíor surveó forms were develoéed ío obíain criíical informaíion regarding consírucíion íechniquesI as well as íhe severiíó of sírucíural condiíions of íhe differení sírucíural elemenís xNNzK qhe forms were accoméanied bó deíailed drawings graéhicalló indicaíing íhe locaíions of consírucíion maíerials and condiíions described in íhe forms EcigK RFK PKPK2K Archával research Archival research was carried ouí wiíh íhe goal of obíaining informaíion on ENF érevious earíhquake assessmenís of similar buildings in íhe regionX EOF síudies on íhe seismic éerformance of similar sírucíuresX and EPF iníerveníions alreadó imélemeníed bó meruvian engineers íhaí are considered common éracíice in íhe regionK qhis informaíion was noí alwaós availableK qhe íeam found íhere were relaíiveló few earíhquake assessmenís or síudies on íhe seismic éerformance of hisíoric earíhen buildings íhaí have been meíhodologicalló develoéed over íime in one regionX andI where íheó eñisíI íhe daía is íóéicalló anecdoíal and noí adequaíe for numerical analósisK qhe same occurs wiíh sírucíural drawings of érevious iníerveníions éreéared érior ío íhe digiíal eraK Archives of érofessional associaíions are noí éaríicularló wellJorganized and íhe daía musí be eñíracíed and furíher analózed ío deíermine common íóées of sírucíural iníerveníions on hisíoric siíesK

cigK R oighíW jember of íhe surveó íeam collecíing siíe condiíions aí fca CaíhedralK iefíW draéhic condiíion recording of fca Caíhedral froní facadeK EcrediísW mhoíoW pK tarrenI OMNNK arawingW Claudia CancinoI OMMVK qhe gK maul deííó qrusíF PKPKPK kçnJdestructáve ánvestágatáçn – therãal áãagáng qhe sírucíural assessmení of an eñisíing building requires an undersíanding of maíerials and connecíions íhaí are usualló noí readiló aééarení íhrough visual analósisK qwo nonJdesírucíive assessmení meíhodsI infrared éhoíograéhó and íhermal imagingI were evaluaíed and considered for use in íhe érojecíX andI of íheseI íhermal imaging was ideníified for onJsiíe írialsK qhermal imaging éroved ío be useful for locaíing sírucíural elemenísI such as quincha framing éosís in íhe walls of eoíel bl ComercioI since one of íhe quesíions raised during íhe surveó was wheíher íhe wall éosís aligned wiíh íhe floor joisísK fí was also useful in locaíing and assessing íhe condiíion of íhe wood sírucíural elemenís in íhe quincha vaulís and domes aí íhe Caíhedral of fca EcigK SaFK PKPKQK Archátectural drawángs and structural prçspectáçns Annoíaíed deíail drawings illusíraíing sírucíural elemenísI sósíemsI and connecíions were also éreéared for íhe four éroíoíóée buildingsK qhese drawings were éreéared bó oéening ué selecí areas íhe building foundaíionsI wallI and roof sírucíure for furíher invesíigaíion – a érocess referred ío as “éroséecíionK” qhe areas ío be oéened ué were selecíed bó íhe érojecí éarínersI and íhe work was carried ouí bó a dCf consulíaníK qhe number and locaíion of íhe éroséecíions did noí require íhe éermanení removal of original building maíerialsK bach oéened éroséecíion area was recorded íhrough field skeíches Ewhich were laíer íranslaíed ío CAa drawingsFI éhoíograéhsI and narraíed videos EcigK SbFK Afíer íhaíI anó necessaró reéair work was carried ouí ío reíurn íhe éroséecíion areas ío íheir original configuraíion and aééearanceK

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cigK S iefí EaFW qhermal image showing íhe locaíion of iníernal wood ribs in íhe dome of fca CaíhedralK oighí EbFW mroséecíion drawings showing deíails of íhe wood dome sírucíure aí fca CaíhedralK ECrediísW Claudia CancinoI jirna poíoI gK maul deííó qrusíI OMNMF 4K ClkCirpflkp Aka obCljjbkaAqflkp Alíhough íhe modeling and íesíing work is síill in érogressI ií is éossible ío make some general conclusions and recommendaíions regarding íhe daía collecíion érocess for sírucíural analósis of hisíoric earíhen buildings aí íhe currení íimeW 4KNK mrinciplesI recommendationsI and guidelines

– mrinciélesI guidelinesI and recommendaíions are iméoríaníX howeverI furíher deíail and séecificaíions are needed in order for íhe differení disciélines ío have a clear undersíanding abouí whaí is iméoríaní ío analóze and how íhaí daía should be collecíed and deliveredK

– qhe eñisíing érinciéles and guidelines musí be disseminaíed ío íhe conservaíionI archiíecíuralI and engineering érofessions as assessmení meíhodologies so íhaí all disciélines follow a síandardized érocess wiíh a clear undersíanding of íhe raíionale behind iíK

4KOK mostJearthquake data collection

– qhe collecíion of daía in a éosíJearíhquake assessmení should noí onló serve íhe éuréose of assessing damage immediaíeló afíer a seismic eveníX ií should also éoiní ouí elemenís or areas of a building íhaí need ío be furíher documeníedI researchedI analózedI íesíedI and éossibló reírofiííed or reinforced ío have a beííer undersíanding of whó íhe building failed and ío beííer inform íhe design of remedial iníerveníionsK

– A number of eñaméles of surveó forms for daía acquisiíion for boíh éosíJearíhquake assessmenís or sírucíural analóses of hisíoric siíes have been éreéared bó iníernaíional scieníific commiííees and organizaíionsK fí is recommended íhaí íhese groués coordinaíe efforís and work íogeíher ío furíher develoé síandard íerminologies and meíhodologiesK

4KPK Construction data collection QKPKNK Cçndátáçn and graphác survey fçrãs

– qhe pom condiíion surveó and graéhic recording forms have aííeméíed ío use síandardized íerminologó íhaí follows eñisíing iníernaíional érinciéles and guidelinesX howeverI furíher research needs ío be done ío síandardize íerminologó shared among differení disciélinesK

– qhe pom surveó forms should be revised ío incoréoraíe anó missing daía íhaí is necessaró for numerical modelingI seismic analósesI and correséonding síaíic and dónamic íesíingK

– qhe revised forms should be disseminaíed ío meruvian colleagues for use as a íool ío sírucíuralló assess oíher earíhen buildingsK

QKPK2K Archával research – oesearch on érevious earíhquakes and íhe seismic éerformance of similar buildings should be

underíakenI éreferabló érior ío íhe conducíing íhe condiíion surveóK qhis will also helé ío be beííer íargeí íhe daía ío be collecíedK

– deneral recommendaíions regarding íhe organizaíion of íhe informaíion relevaní for sírucíural síudies should be given ío naíional insíiíuíionsI érofessional associaíionsI and oíher nonJ

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governmeníal associaíionsK qhis will faciliíaíe researchers’ access ío íhis informaíionI ulíimaíeló éroviding a beííer undersíand of building behaviours and suééoríing íhe design of remedial measuresK

QKPKPK kçnJdestructáve ánvestágatáçns – Afíer iniíial onJsiíe írialsI íhermal imaging was found ío hold éoíeníial for nonJdesírucíive

invesíigaíionK fn éaríicularI íhermal imaging was able ío reveal sírucíural informaíion íhaí was noí éossible ío obíain íhrough visual observaíion onlóI íhus suéélemeníing íhe informaíion obíained íhrough íhe limiíed number of éroséecíionsK janó addiíional nonJdesírucíive invesíigaíion meíhods Esuch as ground éeneíraíing radarI éoríable uJraóI andLor sonic éulse íransmissionF are available and maó be viable oéíions for surveóing earíhen buildingsK

QKPKQK Archátectural drawángs and structural prçspectáçns – qhe archiíecíural drawings are éroving ío be useful for íhe creaíion of íhe numerical model of

each éroíoíóée buildingX howeverI deíailed séecificaíions need ío be develoéed for íhe deliveró formaí of íhose drawingsK

– qhe éroséecíion érocessI which meíhodologicalló oéened ué íhe buildings wiíh minimum iméací ío íhe original fabricI was necessaró ío creaíe íhe annoíaíed deíail drawingsK then agreeing uéon which areas of a building ío oéen uéI ií is iméoríaní ío sírike a balance beíween whaí íóée of daía is desirable ío aííain and whaí is feasible ío obíain and will noí jeoéardize íhe iníegriíó of íhe buildingK

– bngineers or oíher érofessionals who will use íhe daía should be involved in éroviding a deíailed lisí of íhe criíical areas ío be eñéloredX íhe íóée of daía ío be recordedI including anó requiremenís for íhe amouní and accuracó of recorded dimensionsX andI íhe requiremenís for íhe formaí of íhe resulíing documeníaíion – drawingsI éhoíograéhsI or videoK mreferablóI íhe daía users should also be on siíe when íhe éroséecíions are carried ouíK

– qhe lisí of criíical informaíion meníioned above should also describe íhe éermissible assuméíions íhaí can be made when addiíional informaíion is desiredI buí noí feasible ío obíainI and íhe risk facíor associaíed wiíh making íhese assuméíionsK

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qhe auíhors would like ío acknowledge iuis Andes sillacoría paníamoío for faciliíaíing íhe daía acquisiíion in íhe archives and on siíeI as well as archiíecí and conservaíor jirna poío and her íeam of masons for íheir work on íhe sírucíural invesíigaíions and develoémení of íhe éroséecíion drawingsK

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