kohler save h20 america

Plumbing Products Contribution to Water Conservation

AIA - KWC103 HSW SD

IDCEC - #AAAA Subject B.CD

Best Practices

Kohler Co. is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of completion for non-AIA members are available upon request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES, IDCEC (IIDA, ASID, IDC), NKBA, and NARI for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by these organizations of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

http://www.nari.org/index.cfm

Learning Objectives

Be part of the big picture. Whether you are specifying plumbing products that meet the criteria of LEED initiatives, reduce facility operating costs or accommodate the preferences of home owners, environmentally conscious fixtures and faucets can help you address the challenging demands of your customers. This course will cover general water conservation, LEED standards and how to specify water-saving plumbing solutions that contribute to the big picture.

This course was developed for all architects; specifically for those who specify plumbing products. After this course you will:

- Understand water supply / demand and how they affect water conservation

- Comprehend water conservation benefits to the individual and society as a whole

- Know how to specify plumbing products to accomplish water conservation goals

- Understand the impact plumbing products have on Green Building

Agenda

• Perspective on Water Conservation

• Water Supply and Demand

• Water Conservation Benefits

• Water Efficient Options for Indoor Use

• Green Buildings

• Milestones in Water Conservation

• Supply Management

• Importance of Water Conservation

Water conservation is one of the critical issues facing our world today, and will continue to grow in importance.

Perspective on Water Conservation

1860 1912 1960 1980 1992

No Flow Regulations 5.0-gpf* - 3.5-gpf* 1.6-gpf*

* gpf = gallons per flush

Water Consumption Over Time

1.28-gpf*

(HET)

2004


http://www.us.kohler.com/onlinecatalog/product_result.jsp?module=Toilets&category=13&Qbrand=Cimarron(TM)&conservation=true

• Water conservation efforts focus on sustainable watershed management

• A watershed is an area that is drained by a river or stream

• Watersheds often cross political boundaries—we must share responsibility for stewardship

New Strategies – Supply Management


Water Conservation ―Hot Spots‖

• Seattle

• San Francisco Bay

• Southern Nevada

• Southern California

• Arizona

• New Mexico

• South Texas

• Denver area

• Boston area

• New York City

• Washington DC area

• Chicago area

• Atlanta area

• Coastal Carolinas

• South Florida

• Caribbean islands


• Water is a limited resource

• To sustain growth we need to use water more efficiently

Importance of Water Conservation



1. Toilets in the 1960s and 1970s typically used how much water?

2. What is an HET?

3. How many gallons per flush does an HET use?

4. What is a watershed?

Review:

• Water Sources

• Water Use

• Demand Management

With limited resources, creative solutions are needed to meet

current and future demands.

Water Supply and Demand

• Water for human consumption, irrigation, or industry is taken from two types of sources:

• Surface Water (79%)

– Lakes, rivers, reservoirs, oceans

• Ground Water (21%)

– Municipal and private wells

• Sources vary in water quality, quantity, and sustainability

Water Sources


Although plumbing products only use 3.7% of all available water in the US, it uses the most expensive

water – potable or treated.


US Total Water = 408 bgpd

Potable Water= 47 bgpd

Indoor Plumbing= 15 bgpd

Residential Plumbing= 13.7 bgpd

Commercial Plumbing= 1.4 bgpd

Indoor:

• Toilets / Urinals

• Faucets

• Baths / Showers

• Clothes Washing

• Dishwashing

• Cooking

• Drinking Water

Outdoor/Process:

• Landscape Irrigation

• Cooling Towers

• Vehicle Washing

• Textile Washing

• Ware Washing

Average Residential Indoor Water Use: 69.3 gpcd

Average Residential Outdoor Water Use: 25-200 gpcd,

depending on region

U.S. Potable Water Consumption


• Getting People & Organizations to Use Less Water

• Demand Management is Accomplished Two Ways:

Demand Management

Behavior Modification Physical Changes


• Get consumers to change how they use water Examples:• Water Lawn Less

• Shorter Shower

• Turn off Water When Brushing Teeth

• Collect Water from Cooking to Put on Plants

• Wash Full Loads Only – Dish & Clothes Washers

Behavior Modification


• WaterSense: EPA’s water-efficient product labeling and public education program

• Websites with water-saving ideas

• Residential outdoor water conservation programs

Behavior Modification - Public Education Efforts


• Making physical changes that don’t require any change in consumer behavior. Examples:

• Replace Old Toilet or Urinal with Water Efficient Model

• Install Low-Flow Aerator on a Faucet

• Repair Leaks

• Install Water Efficient Landscaping

• Proven long-term water savings

• Savings are predictable & measurable

Physical Changes


Plumbing Product Replacement Programs

• Supported and promoted by local water utilities

• Residential and commercial

• Cash rebate incentives

• Product exchanges

• HET rebates


Sources: “Estimated Uses of Water”, USGS, 2004.,

US Department of Commerce

Comparison of GDP -Water Use & Population, 1950-2005

Have These Programs Worked?

YES!


Sources: “Estimated Uses of Water”, USGS, 2004.,

US Department of Commerce


1. What percent of water use in the U.S. is used by plumbing

products? Although a small %, why is it still important?

2. What are the two main types of conservation strategies?

3. Replacing plumbing fixtures or installing aerators on faucets

are examples of what type of conservation strategy?

4. Have water conservation efforts over the past 20 years in the

U.S. worked?

Review:

• Benefits

• Innovative Responses

The benefits of water conservation far outweigh the costs to society of developing new supplies!

Water Conservation Benefits

• Saving water is less expensive than finding new supplies

• Infrastructure expansions postponed

• Less water pumped and treated, reducing energy and chemical costs

Benefit: Saves Consumers & Taxpayers Money


• More than 90% public water utilities expenses - infrastructure

• AWWA: $200 billion - $1 trillion in next 20 years on water systems

• Energy and material costs continue to rise

…And It Will Save Even More In the Future!

…because water rates will continue to rise.


• In most areas, water supplies are fixed or declining (no new water)

• Conservation allows water supplies to be used more effectively

• Known, stable water availability attracts businesses and new residents

Benefit: Economic Growth


• Stable lake and stream levels provide better habitat for wildlife

• Lower wastewater flows:

— allow sewage treatment plants to function more efficiently

— reduce leaks from septic systems

• New dams / reservoirs are not required

Benefit: Protects the Environment


• New water-efficient products

• New codes and legislation governing water conservation

• Growing non-potable water use

Innovative Responses


• Mandated use of most water efficient plumbing products by cities and states

• Green building ordinances

• Water offsets for new developments

• Required use of reclaimed wastewater, where available.

• New water efficient product specifications

• Turf area restrictions and incentives for non-irrigated landscapes

Codes & Legistation: Accelerating the move toward water efficiency


Reclaimed Wastewater

• Municipal wastewater is further treated, then used again

• Not drinking water! - requires separate piping system

• Up to 25% of water use in some communities is ―reclaimed‖

• Major uses are:

• Irrigation

• Groundwater recharge

• Cooling towers

• Process water

• Toilets and urinals


Rainwater

• Reduces water use and storm water runoff

• Collection systems must be properly designed

• Keep out sunlight!

• Major uses are:

• Irrigation

• Cooling towers

• Toilets and urinals



1. How does water conservation help save money over

the long run?

2. Name two innovative responses to saving water.

3. Name two water efficient plumbing products.

Review:

• Plumbing Products

• Greywater

There are many options available to conserve water

indoors without sacrificing quality of life or

performance, style, and quality of products

Water Efficient Options for Indoor Water Use

Toilets: 1.28 gpf or less (HETs)

Hot water recirculation

systems/instant hot water units

SMART Irrigation

ControllersCooling Tower

ControllersAppliances

Non-Water Urinals

Water-Efficient Products:

Faucets: with 1.5 gpm aerator

Showerheads: 2.0 gpm or less


• The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) set limits on water consumption of fixtures and faucets sold in the U.S.

• Toilets: 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf)

• Urinals: 1.0 gpf

• Showerheads: 2.5 gallons per minute (gpm) at 80 psi

• Faucets: (psi) 2.2 gpm at 60 pounds per square inch

• Metering Faucets: 0.25 gallons per cycle, maximum

• EPAct went into effect in January, 1994. All fixtures and faucets sold in the U.S. must not use more water that this law specifies. Many products use less.

The Current Standard: EPAct


Category Product Options WaterSense Qualifications

Tank-Type HETs

Gravity Single Flush

Dual Flush

Pressure Assisted

Electromechanical

Average flush volume ≤ 1.28 gpf

MaP score ≥ 350g

UrinalsFlushing, 0.5 gpf

Flushing, 0.13 gpf

Flush volume ≤ 0.5 gpf

Non-water urinals NOT included

Bathroom Faucets All stylesFlow rate ≤ 1.5 gpm at 60 psi AND

Flow rate ≥ 0.8 gpm at 20 psi

New HomesBuilder offers homes that

meet specification.

All WaterSense plumbing (where applicable)

Limits on landscape designs

ShowerheadsSingle-Function

Multi-Function

Flow rate ≤ 2.0 gpm

Pressure and spray pattern requirements

WaterSense Products

Not included:Commercial lavatory faucetsKitchen faucetsFlushometer toilets

• Single-flush gravity HETs provide 20% water savings with every flush

• Dual-flush toilets allow user to select flushing volume

• 2 of 3 uses are ―liquid only‖ & require less water

• User must select correct button to achieve water savings

Dual-flush toiletSingle-flush High Efficiency Toilet (HET)

Gravity Toilets


Pressure-Assist Toilets

• Many models use 1.1 or less gpf

• Best flushing performance

• Similar aesthetic to gravity toilets

• New designs are quiet enough for residential applications


• Vitreous china bowl and flushometer valve sold separately

• Flushometer uses water pressure to release the proper amount of water quickly

• Generally used in commercial applications

• 1.28 gpf and dual flush are options

Wall-hung bowl

Manual flushometer

Bowl with automatic flushometer

Flushometer Toilets


• Men use a urinal approximately 3 times / day

• Standard urinals use 1.0 gallon per flush

• High Efficiency Urinals (HEUs) use 0.5 gpf or less

• 0.125 gpf (pint) urinals are widely available

• HEUs provide an easy way to reduce water use

Urinals


• Some designs do not require cartridges and are extremely economical

• When installed and maintained, virtually odor free

• Verify code compliance prior to specifying non-water urinals

• Can save up to 40,000 gallons of water per fixture per year!

Non-Water Urinals


• Replacing aerators is a very cost-effective way to save water!

• Most commercial and residential faucets are compatible with aerators

• Aerators are available for various flows down to 0.5 gpm

• Residential lav faucets are covered under EPA’s WaterSense program

Faucets


• Water savings is not adequately understood

• Hygienic benefits have been documented - especially in public facilities

• New sensor technology eliminates false actuation

• Vandal-resistant

Sensor Faucets


• An average shower is ~8 minutes

• At 2.5 gpm = 20 gallons of water

• Many showerheads that use less than 2.5 gpm are on the market

• Temperature compensating valves in showers require a minimum flow to work properly

Showerheads


Potential Concerns From Low-Flow Products

Concern Recommendation

Fixture or Faucet Performance: Initially and Over Time

Purchase a quality product with quality components that performs well for the end-user

New Maintenance Requirements

Proper training of maintenance andjanitorial staff

Drainline Carry Carefully choose location of fixturesand faucets relative to each other andmain sewer line out of the building


Toilets

Kitchen Sinks

Dishwashers

Showers

Bathroom Sinks

Clothes Washer

Baths

Greywater = wastewater that has a low bacteria, chemical, or solids loading

Blackwater = wastewater that has high bacteria or

high organic content

Greywater


• Relies on gravity

• Separate drain lines and storage

• Minimal indoor use (toilet flushing)

• Codes still in development

• Not allowed in all areas

Greywater – System Requirements


What’s Possible?

Units = Gallons per capita per day

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Average Home

EPAct 92 Home

Water Efficient Home

Graywater Home

Leaks

Dishwasher

Clothes Washer

Showers

Faucets

Toilets



1. What are some of the high-efficiency toilet flushing

technologies currently on the market?

2. What is a “dual-flush” toilet?

3. How much water does a High Efficiency Urinal (HEU)

use?

4. How long does an average adult spend in the shower?

5. What is greywater?

6. Does the consumer have to sacrifice quality, style or

performance for water efficient plumbing products?

Review:

An important driver of water conservation isGreen Buildings

Green Buildings

• Why Build Green?

• LEED Basics

• LEED Water Efficiency

• Estimating Water Savings

• LEED for Homes

Why the client should consider ―green‖ buildings?

• Reduced operating costs

• Improved employee productivity

• Renewed emphasis on environmental issues:- climate change- chemical exposure - solid waste disposal - water supplies

• Tax and other incentives

• Positive publicity

• Client expectations

Green Buildings

Green Buildings

What Are The Standards?

Who Sets The Standards?

• What is LEED?

– LEED = Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

– Design standards created to define ―green‖ buildings.

• LEED-New Construction (NC) Categories

– Sustainable Sites 26 points

– Energy & Atmosphere 35 points

– Materials & Resources 14 points

– Indoor Environmental Quality 15 points

– Water Efficiency 10 points

– Innovation in Design 6 points

– Regional Priority 4 points

Certified: 40-49 points

Silver: 50-59 points

Gold: 60-79 points

Platinum: 80+ points

LEED Basics

Green Buildings

LEED-NC Credit Description

Prerequisite 1Water use reduction—reduce indoor water consumption by

20% vs. standard (required)

WE 1.1Reduce potable water requirement for landscaping by 50%

(2 points)

WE 1.2No potable water used for irrigation, or no irrigation

required (2 points)

WE 2Innovative wastewater technologies—reduce wastewater

by 50% compared to baseline (2 points)

WE 3.1Water use reduction—reduce indoor water consumption by

30% vs. standard (2 points)

WE 3.2 Water use reduction—reduce indoor water consumption by


WE 3.3Water use reduction—reduce indoor water consumption by


LEED-NC 2009 Water Efficiency

• Water Efficiency Credits 3.1 - 3.3 apply to:

• Toilets

• Showers

• Urinals

• Lavatory Faucets

• Kitchen Faucets

• Outdoor use, such as irrigation and cooling towers, are not included in these calculations

LEED-NC Water Efficiency

Green Buildings

To obtain Water Efficiency Credits 3.1 - 3.3:

• Need signed LEED Water Efficiency Template

• Spreadsheet showing 30% - 40% reduction of water use compared to baseline

• Submit as part of project portfolio

LEED-NC Water Efficiency Credits

Green Buildings

LEED Water Efficiency Calculation

• Projected water use for building is comparedto EPAct baseline

• Products not LEEDcertified, buildings are

• Total water use projected;not all fixtures or faucets need to be waterconserving

• Water use calculatorssimplify the process

Green Buildings

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Gallons per

day

Baseline- 1.6 gpf

HET- 1.1gpf

DualFlush -1.6 / 0.8gpf

• Building with 100 men and 100 women

• Use restroom 4 times per day

• 75% of uses are ―liquid only‖

Results:

• HET – 31% Reduction

– Qualifies for 2 LEED-NC points*

• Dual Flush – 38% Reduction

– Qualifies for 3 LEED-NC points*

Toilet Example

*Assuming no other water-consuming fixtures or faucets are present.

Green Buildings

LEED-H Water Efficiency (WE): at least (3) points are required

– Water Reuse 5 points

– Irrigation System 4 points

– Indoor Water 6 points total:

• All Faucets ≤ 2.0 gpm 1 point

• All Showerheads ≤ 2.0 gpm 1 point

• All Toilets ≤ 1.3 gpf 1 point

• All Faucets ≤ 1.5 gpm 2 points

• All Showerheads ≤ 1.75 gpm 2 points

• All Toilets ≤ 1.1 gpf 2 points

Certified: 45 points

Silver: 60 points

Gold: 75 points

Platinum: 90 points

NAHB’s National Green Building Standard, along with local green home programs use similar point-based systems.

LEED for Homes (LEED-H)

Green Buildings

1. What is LEED?

2. LEED-NC Water Efficiency credits require what

percent reduction of indoor water use?

3. A building design that incorporates water-efficient

plumbing products and reduces its water use by

35% compared to LEED’s baseline is eligible for

how many LEED points?

4. To obtain the LEED-NC WE 3.1 credit, do all

fixtures & faucets in the building have to use at

least 30% less water than LEED’s baseline values?

Review:

CONCLUSION

• Water conservation is a growing issue

• Saving potable water saves energy, chemicals & money

• The need for innovations is increasing

• New water-efficient plumbing products need to be part of an overall water conservation strategy

• Many of these products can be specified into green building projects

• Customers do not need to sacrifice style, quality, or performance to achieve water conservation goals

QUESTIONS?

This concludes The American Institute of Architects

Continuing Education Systems Program.

Thank you for your time!

COPYRIGHT MATERIALS

This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws.

Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.

Kohler Co. 2007.

Resources

Organization Website

Kohler Co. www.kohler.com/savewater

WaterSense www.epa.gov/watersense

Alliance for Water Efficiency www.a4we.org

H2Ouse www.h2ouse.org

NAHB www.toolbase.org

Alliance for Sustainable Built

Environmentswww.greenerfacilities.org

U.S. Water Use:

United States

408 bgpd

33.5 %

Irrigation

48 %

Thermoelectric

5 %

Industrial

11.5 %

Potable Water

1 %

Aquaculture

1 %

Mining & Livestock

47 bgpd!

Source: Estimated Uses of Water, USGS, 2004 (year 2000 data)

Resources

Source EPA, 1990 data

U.S. Water Use:

Potable Water

47 bgpd

56.7%

Residential

15.3%

Commercial

27 bgpd

7 bgpd

14 %

Public Use / Loss

13.5 %

Industrial

.5 %

Other

United States

408 bgpd

11.5%

Potable Water

Resources

Source: EPA, 1992

U.S. Water Use:

68%

Residential

Indoor Use

Indoor Use

21 bgpd

39%

Commercial

Indoor Use

18 bgpd

3 bgpd

Potable Water

47 bgpd

United States

408 bgpd

56.7%

Residential

(27 bgpd)

15.3%

Commercial

(7 bgpd)

11.5%

Potable Water

Resources

Sources: Mayer, et al. Residential End Uses of

Water, AWWARF, 1999 & Massachusetts Water Resources Authority ICI Water Management

Program

Dishwasher-1.4%

Other-2.3%

Washer-21.7%

Baths-1.7%

Leaks-13.7%

Faucets-15.7%

Showers-16.8%

Toilets-26.7%

Other-5%

Kitchen-14%

Cooling Towers-

34%

Faucets-6%

Toilets /

Urinals-41%

68%

Residential

Indoor Use

Indoor Use

21 bgpd

39%

Commercial

Indoor Use

Potable Water

47 bgpd

United States

408 bgpd

56.7%

Residential

(27 bgpd)

15.3%

Commercial

(7 bgpd)

11.5%

Potable Water

U.S. Water Use:

Resources

U.S. Water Use:

Indoor Plumbing

15 bgpd

74.6%

Residential

Indoor Plumbing

(13.7 bgpd)

47%

Commercial

Indoor Plumbing

(1.4 bgpd)

68%

Residential

Indoor Use

Indoor Use

21 bgpd

39%

Commercial

Indoor Use

Potable Water

47 bgpd

United States

408 bgpd

56.7%

Residential

(27 bgpd)

15.3%

Commercial

(7 bgpd)

11.5%

Potable Water

Resources

kohler save h20 america

Documents

water conservation1860

water conservation goals

general water conservation

water supply demand

impact plumbing products

plumbing products contribution

plumbing solutions

big picture