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WHO WE ARE WHAT WE DO WHERE WE WORK WAR & LAW SUPPORT US RESOURCE CENTRE Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949. Preamble The undersigned Plenipotentiaries of the Governments represented at the Diplomatic Conference held at Geneva from April 21 to August 12, 1949, for the purpose of revising the Convention concluded at Geneva on July 27, 1929, relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, have agreed as follows: Part I. General Provisions Art 1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ensure respect for the present Convention in all circumstances. Art 2. In addition to the provisions which shall be implemented in peace time, the present Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not recognized by one of them. The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance. Although one of the Powers in conflict may not be a party to the present Convention, the Powers who are parties thereto shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall furthermore be bound by the Convention in relation to the said Power, if the latter accepts and applies the provisions thereof. Art 3. In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a minimum, the following provisions: (1) Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. To this end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever with respect to the abovementioned persons: (a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; (b) taking of hostages; (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment; (d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples. (2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for. An impartial humanitarian body, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, may offer its services to the Parties to the conflict. The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into force, by means of special agreements, all or part of the other provisions of the present Convention. The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal status of the Parties to the conflict. Art 4. A. Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy: (1) Members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict, as well as members of militias or volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces. (2) Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of organized resistance movements, belonging to a Party to the conflict and operating in or outside their own Français TREATIES AND STATES PARTIES TO SUCH TREATIES QUICK ACCESS CONTACT DONATE

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Konvensi Jenewa III 1949 Tentang Perlakuan Terhadap Tawanan Perang

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  • 4/14/2015 https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e636b/6fef854a3517b75ac125641e004a9e68

    https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e636b/6fef854a3517b75ac125641e004a9e68 1/34

    WHOWEARE WHATWEDO WHEREWEWORK WAR&LAW SUPPORTUS RESOURCECENTREConvention(III)relativetotheTreatmentofPrisonersofWar.Geneva,12August1949.

    Preamble

    TheundersignedPlenipotentiariesoftheGovernmentsrepresentedattheDiplomaticConferenceheldatGenevafromApril21toAugust12,1949,forthepurposeofrevisingtheConventionconcludedatGenevaonJuly27,1929,relativetotheTreatmentofPrisonersofWar,haveagreedasfollows:

    PartI.GeneralProvisions

    Art1.TheHighContractingPartiesundertaketorespectandtoensurerespectforthepresentConventioninallcircumstances.

    Art2.Inadditiontotheprovisionswhichshallbeimplementedinpeacetime,thepresentConventionshallapplytoallcasesofdeclaredwarorofanyotherarmedconflictwhichmayarisebetweentwoormoreoftheHighContractingParties,evenifthestateofwarisnotrecognizedbyoneofthem.

    TheConventionshallalsoapplytoallcasesofpartialortotaloccupationoftheterritoryofaHighContractingParty,evenifthesaidoccupationmeetswithnoarmedresistance.

    AlthoughoneofthePowersinconflictmaynotbeapartytothepresentConvention,thePowerswhoarepartiestheretoshallremainboundbyitintheirmutualrelations.TheyshallfurthermorebeboundbytheConventioninrelationtothesaidPower,ifthelatteracceptsandappliestheprovisionsthereof.

    Art3.InthecaseofarmedconflictnotofaninternationalcharacteroccurringintheterritoryofoneoftheHighContractingParties,eachPartytotheconflictshallbeboundtoapply,asaminimum,thefollowingprovisions:(1)Personstakingnoactivepartinthehostilities,includingmembersofarmedforceswhohavelaiddowntheirarmsandthoseplacedhorsdecombatbysickness,wounds,detention,oranyothercause,shallinallcircumstancesbetreatedhumanely,withoutanyadversedistinctionfoundedonrace,colour,religionorfaith,sex,birthorwealth,oranyothersimilarcriteria.Tothisendthefollowingactsareandshallremainprohibitedatanytimeandinanyplacewhatsoeverwithrespecttotheabovementionedpersons:(a)violencetolifeandperson,inparticularmurderofallkinds,mutilation,crueltreatmentandtorture(b)takingofhostages(c)outragesuponpersonaldignity,inparticular,humiliatinganddegradingtreatment(d)thepassingofsentencesandthecarryingoutofexecutionswithoutpreviousjudgmentpronouncedbyaregularlyconstitutedcourtaffordingallthejudicialguaranteeswhicharerecognizedasindispensablebycivilizedpeoples.(2)Thewoundedandsickshallbecollectedandcaredfor.Animpartialhumanitarianbody,suchastheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross,mayofferitsservicestothePartiestotheconflict.

    ThePartiestotheconflictshouldfurtherendeavourtobringintoforce,bymeansofspecialagreements,allorpartoftheotherprovisionsofthepresentConvention.

    TheapplicationoftheprecedingprovisionsshallnotaffectthelegalstatusofthePartiestotheconflict.

    Art4.A.Prisonersofwar,inthesenseofthepresentConvention,arepersonsbelongingtooneofthefollowingcategories,whohavefallenintothepoweroftheenemy:(1)MembersofthearmedforcesofaPartytotheconflict,aswellasmembersofmilitiasorvolunteercorpsformingpartofsucharmedforces.

    (2)Membersofothermilitiasandmembersofothervolunteercorps,includingthoseoforganizedresistancemovements,belongingtoaPartytotheconflictandoperatinginoroutsidetheirown

    Franais

    TREATIESANDSTATESPARTIESTOSUCHTREATIES QUICKACCESS CONTACT DONATE

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    territory,evenifthisterritoryisoccupied,providedthatsuchmilitiasorvolunteercorps,includingsuchorganizedresistancemovements,fulfilthefollowingconditions:(a)thatofbeingcommandedbyapersonresponsibleforhissubordinates(b)thatofhavingafixeddistinctivesignrecognizableatadistance(c)thatofcarryingarmsopenly(d)thatofconductingtheiroperationsinaccordancewiththelawsandcustomsofwar.

    (3)MembersofregulararmedforceswhoprofessallegiancetoagovernmentoranauthoritynotrecognizedbytheDetainingPower.

    (4)Personswhoaccompanythearmedforceswithoutactuallybeingmembersthereof,suchascivilianmembersofmilitaryaircraftcrews,warcorrespondents,supplycontractors,membersoflabourunitsorofservicesresponsibleforthewelfareofthearmedforces,providedthattheyhavereceivedauthorization,fromthearmedforceswhichtheyaccompany,whoshallprovidethemforthatpurposewithanidentitycardsimilartotheannexedmodel.

    (5)Membersofcrews,includingmasters,pilotsandapprentices,ofthemerchantmarineandthecrewsofcivilaircraftofthePartiestotheconflict,whodonotbenefitbymorefavourabletreatmentunderanyotherprovisionsofinternationallaw.

    (6)Inhabitantsofanonoccupiedterritory,whoontheapproachoftheenemyspontaneouslytakeuparmstoresisttheinvadingforces,withouthavinghadtimetoformthemselvesintoregulararmedunits,providedtheycarryarmsopenlyandrespectthelawsandcustomsofwar.

    B.ThefollowingshalllikewisebetreatedasprisonersofwarunderthepresentConvention:(1)Personsbelonging,orhavingbelonged,tothearmedforcesoftheoccupiedcountry,iftheoccupyingPowerconsidersitnecessarybyreasonofsuchallegiancetointernthem,eventhoughithasoriginallyliberatedthemwhilehostilitiesweregoingonoutsidetheterritoryitoccupies,inparticularwheresuchpersonshavemadeanunsuccessfulattempttorejointhearmedforcestowhichtheybelongandwhichareengagedincombat,orwheretheyfailtocomplywithasummonsmadetothemwithaviewtointernment.

    (2)ThepersonsbelongingtooneofthecategoriesenumeratedinthepresentArticle,whohavebeenreceivedbyneutralornonbelligerentPowersontheirterritoryandwhomthesePowersarerequiredtointernunderinternationallaw,withoutprejudicetoanymorefavourabletreatmentwhichthesePowersmaychoosetogiveandwiththeexceptionofArticles8,10,15,30,fifthparagraph,5867,92,126and,wherediplomaticrelationsexistbetweenthePartiestotheconflictandtheneutralornonbelligerentPowerconcerned,thoseArticlesconcerningtheProtectingPower.Wheresuchdiplomaticrelationsexist,thePartiestoaconflictonwhomthesepersonsdependshallbeallowedtoperformtowardsthemthefunctionsofaProtectingPowerasprovidedinthepresentConvention,withoutprejudicetothefunctionswhichthesePartiesnormallyexerciseinconformitywithdiplomaticandconsularusageandtreaties.

    C.ThisArticleshallinnowayaffectthestatusofmedicalpersonnelandchaplainsasprovidedforinArticle33ofthepresentConvention.

    Art5.ThepresentConventionshallapplytothepersonsreferredtoinArticle4fromthetimetheyfallintothepoweroftheenemyanduntiltheirfinalreleaseandrepatriation.

    Shouldanydoubtariseastowhetherpersons,havingcommittedabelligerentactandhavingfallenintothehandsoftheenemy,belongtoanyofthecategoriesenumeratedinArticle4,suchpersonsshallenjoytheprotectionofthepresentConventionuntilsuchtimeastheirstatushasbeendeterminedbyacompetenttribunal.

    Art6.InadditiontotheagreementsexpresslyprovidedforinArticles10,23,28,33,60,65,66,67,72,73,75,109,110,118,119,122and132,theHighContractingPartiesmayconcludeotherspecialagreementsforallmattersconcerningwhichtheymaydeemitsuitabletomakeseparateprovision.Nospecialagreementshalladverselyaffectthesituationofprisonersofwar,asdefinedbythepresentConvention,norrestricttherightswhichitconfersuponthem.

    PrisonersofwarshallcontinuetohavethebenefitofsuchagreementsaslongastheConventionisapplicabletothem,exceptwhereexpressprovisionstothecontraryarecontainedintheaforesaidorinsubsequentagreements,orwheremorefavourablemeasureshavebeentakenwithregardtothembyoneorotherofthePartiestotheconflict.

    Art7.PrisonersofwarmayinnocircumstancesrenounceinpartorinentiretytherightssecuredtothembythepresentConvention,andbythespecialagreementsreferredtointheforegoingArticle,ifsuchtherebe.

    Art8.ThepresentConventionshallbeappliedwiththecooperationandunderthescrutinyoftheProtectingPowerswhosedutyitistosafeguardtheinterestsofthePartiestotheconflict.Forthispurpose,theProtectingPowersmayappoint,apartfromtheirdiplomaticorconsularstaff,delegatesfromamongsttheirownnationalsorthenationalsofotherneutralPowers.ThesaiddelegatesshallbesubjecttotheapprovalofthePowerwithwhichtheyaretocarryouttheirduties.

    ThePartiestotheconflictshallfacilitatetothegreatestextentpossiblethetaskofthe

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    representativesordelegatesoftheProtectingPowers.

    TherepresentativesordelegatesoftheProtectingPowersshallnotinanycaseexceedtheirmissionunderthepresentConvention.Theyshall,inparticular,takeaccountoftheimperativenecessitiesofsecurityoftheStatewhereintheycarryouttheirduties.

    Art9.TheprovisionsofthepresentConventionconstitutenoobstacletothehumanitarianactivitieswhichtheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossoranyotherimpartialhumanitarianorganizationmay,subjecttotheconsentofthePartiestotheconflictconcerned,undertakefortheprotectionofprisonersofwarandfortheirrelief.

    Art10.TheHighContractingPartiesmayatanytimeagreetoentrusttoanorganizationwhichoffersallguaranteesofimpartialityandefficacythedutiesincumbentontheProtectingPowersbyvirtueofthepresentConvention.

    Whenprisonersofwardonotbenefitorceasetobenefit,nomatterforwhatreason,bytheactivitiesofaProtectingPowerorofanorganizationprovidedforinthefirstparagraphabove,theDetainingPowershallrequestaneutralState,orsuchanorganization,toundertakethefunctionsperformedunderthepresentConventionbyaProtectingPowerdesignatedbythePartiestoaconflict.

    Ifprotectioncannotbearrangedaccordingly,theDetainingPowershallrequestorshallaccept,subjecttotheprovisionsofthisArticle,theofferoftheservicesofahumanitarianorganization,suchastheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrosstoassumethehumanitarianfunctionsperformedbyProtectingPowersunderthepresentConvention.

    AnyneutralPoweroranyorganizationinvitedbythePowerconcernedorofferingitselfforthesepurposes,shallberequiredtoactwithasenseofresponsibilitytowardsthePartytotheconflictonwhichpersonsprotectedbythepresentConventiondepend,andshallberequiredtofurnishsufficientassurancesthatitisinapositiontoundertaketheappropriatefunctionsandtodischargethemimpartially.

    NoderogationfromtheprecedingprovisionsshallbemadebyspecialagreementsbetweenPowersoneofwhichisrestricted,eventemporarily,initsfreedomtonegotiatewiththeotherPoweroritsalliesbyreasonofmilitaryevents,moreparticularlywherethewhole,orasubstantialpart,oftheterritoryofthesaidPowerisoccupied.

    WheneverinthepresentConventionmentionismadeofaProtectingPower,suchmentionappliestosubstituteorganizationsinthesenseofthepresentArticle.

    Art11.Incaseswheretheydeemitadvisableintheinterestofprotectedpersons,particularlyincasesofdisagreementbetweenthePartiestotheconflictastotheapplicationorinterpretationoftheprovisionsofthepresentConvention,theProtectingPowersshalllendtheirgoodofficeswithaviewtosettlingthedisagreement.

    Forthispurpose,eachoftheProtectingPowersmay,eitherattheinvitationofonePartyoronitsowninitiative,proposetothePartiestotheconflictameetingoftheirrepresentatives,andinparticularoftheauthoritiesresponsibleforprisonersofwar,possiblyonneutralterritorysuitablychosen.ThePartiestotheconflictshallbeboundtogiveeffecttotheproposalsmadetothemforthispurpose.TheProtectingPowersmay,ifnecessary,proposeforapprovalbythePartiestotheconflictapersonbelongingtoaneutralPower,ordelegatedbytheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross,whoshallbeinvitedtotakepartinsuchameeting.

    PartII.GeneralProtectionofPrisonersofWar

    Art12.PrisonersofwarareinthehandsoftheenemyPower,butnotoftheindividualsormilitaryunitswhohavecapturedthem.Irrespectiveoftheindividualresponsibilitiesthatmayexist,theDetainingPowerisresponsibleforthetreatmentgiventhem.

    PrisonersofwarmayonlybetransferredbytheDetainingPowertoaPowerwhichisapartytotheConventionandaftertheDetainingPowerhassatisfieditselfofthewillingnessandabilityofsuchtransfereePowertoapplytheConvention.Whenprisonersofwararetransferredundersuchcircumstances,responsibilityfortheapplicationoftheConventionrestsonthePoweracceptingthemwhiletheyareinitscustody.

    Nevertheless,ifthatPowerfailstocarryouttheprovisionsoftheConventioninanyimportantrespect,thePowerbywhomtheprisonersofwarweretransferredshall,uponbeingnotifiedbytheProtectingPower,takeeffectivemeasurestocorrectthesituationorshallrequestthereturnoftheprisonersofwar.Suchrequestsmustbecompliedwith.

    Art13.Prisonersofwarmustatalltimesbehumanelytreated.AnyunlawfulactoromissionbytheDetainingPowercausingdeathorseriouslyendangeringthehealthofaprisonerofwarinitscustodyisprohibited,andwillberegardedasaseriousbreachofthepresentConvention.Inparticular,noprisonerofwarmaybesubjectedtophysicalmutilationortomedicalorscientificexperimentsofanykindwhicharenotjustifiedbythemedical,dentalorhospitaltreatmentoftheprisonerconcernedandcarriedoutinhisinterest.

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    Likewise,prisonersofwarmustatalltimesbeprotected,particularlyagainstactsofviolenceorintimidationandagainstinsultsandpubliccuriosity.

    Measuresofreprisalagainstprisonersofwarareprohibited.

    Art14.Prisonersofwarareentitledinallcircumstancestorespectfortheirpersonsandtheirhonour.

    Womenshallbetreatedwithalltheregardduetotheirsexandshallinallcasesbenefitbytreatmentasfavourableasthatgrantedtomen.

    Prisonersofwarshallretainthefullcivilcapacitywhichtheyenjoyedatthetimeoftheircapture.TheDetainingPowermaynotrestricttheexercise,eitherwithinorwithoutitsownterritory,oftherightssuchcapacityconfersexceptinsofarasthecaptivityrequires.

    Art15.ThePowerdetainingprisonersofwarshallbeboundtoprovidefreeofchargefortheirmaintenanceandforthemedicalattentionrequiredbytheirstateofhealth.

    Art16.TakingintoconsiderationtheprovisionsofthepresentConventionrelatingtorankandsex,andsubjecttoanyprivilegedtreatmentwhichmaybeaccordedtothembyreasonoftheirstateofhealth,ageorprofessionalqualifications,allprisonersofwarshallbetreatedalikebytheDetainingPower,withoutanyadversedistinctionbasedonrace,nationality,religiousbelieforpoliticalopinions,oranyotherdistinctionfoundedonsimilarcriteria.

    PartIII.Captivity

    Section1.BeginningofCaptivity

    Art17.Everyprisonerofwar,whenquestionedonthesubject,isboundtogiveonlyhissurname,firstnamesandrank,dateofbirth,andarmy,regimental,personalorserialnumber,orfailingthis,equivalentinformation.

    Ifhewilfullyinfringesthisrule,hemayrenderhimselfliabletoarestrictionoftheprivilegesaccordedtohisrankorstatus.

    EachPartytoaconflictisrequiredtofurnishthepersonsunderitsjurisdictionwhoareliabletobecomeprisonersofwar,withanidentitycardshowingtheowner'ssurname,firstnames,rank,army,regimental,personalorserialnumberorequivalentinformation,anddateofbirth.Theidentitycardmay,furthermore,bearthesignatureorthefingerprints,orboth,oftheowner,andmaybear,aswell,anyotherinformationthePartytotheconflictmaywishtoaddconcerningpersonsbelongingtoitsarmedforces.Asfaraspossiblethecardshallmeasure6.5x10cm.andshallbeissuedinduplicate.Theidentitycardshallbeshownbytheprisonerofwarupondemand,butmayinnocasebetakenawayfromhim.

    Nophysicalormentaltorture,noranyotherformofcoercion,maybeinflictedonprisonersofwartosecurefromtheminformationofanykindwhatever.Prisonersofwarwhorefusetoanswermaynotbethreatened,insulted,orexposedtounpleasantordisadvantageoustreatmentofanykind.

    Prisonersofwarwho,owingtotheirphysicalormentalcondition,areunabletostatetheiridentity,shallbehandedovertothemedicalservice.Theidentityofsuchprisonersshallbeestablishedbyallpossiblemeans,subjecttotheprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraph.

    Thequestioningofprisonersofwarshallbecarriedoutinalanguagewhichtheyunderstand.

    Art18.Alleffectsandarticlesofpersonaluse,exceptarms,horses,militaryequipmentandmilitarydocuments,shallremaininthepossessionofprisonersofwar,likewisetheirmetalhelmetsandgasmasksandlikearticlesissuedforpersonalprotection.Effectsandarticlesusedfortheirclothingorfeedingshalllikewiseremainintheirpossession,evenifsucheffectsandarticlesbelongtotheirregulationmilitaryequipment.

    Atnotimeshouldprisonersofwarbewithoutidentitydocuments.TheDetainingPowershallsupplysuchdocumentstoprisonersofwarwhopossessnone.

    Badgesofrankandnationality,decorationsandarticleshavingaboveallapersonalorsentimentalvaluemaynotbetakenfromprisonersofwar.

    Sumsofmoneycarriedbyprisonersofwarmaynotbetakenawayfromthemexceptbyorderofanofficer,andaftertheamountandparticularsoftheownerhavebeenrecordedinaspecialregisterandanitemizedreceipthasbeengiven,legiblyinscribedwiththename,rankandunitofthepersonissuingthesaidreceipt.SumsinthecurrencyoftheDetainingPower,orwhicharechangedintosuchcurrencyattheprisoner'srequest,shallbeplacedtothecreditoftheprisoner'saccountasprovidedinArticle64.

    TheDetainingPowermaywithdrawarticlesofvaluefromprisonersofwaronlyforreasonsofsecuritywhensucharticlesarewithdrawn,theprocedurelaiddownforsumsofmoneyimpoundedshallapply.

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    Suchobjects,likewisesumstakenawayinanycurrencyotherthanthatoftheDetainingPowerandtheconversionofwhichhasnotbeenaskedforbytheowners,shallbekeptinthecustodyoftheDetainingPowerandshallbereturnedintheirinitialshapetoprisonersofwarattheendoftheircaptivity.

    Art19.Prisonersofwarshallbeevacuated,assoonaspossibleaftertheircapture,tocampssituatedinanareafarenoughfromthecombatzoneforthemtobeoutofdanger.

    Onlythoseprisonersofwarwho,owingtowoundsorsickness,wouldrungreaterrisksbybeingevacuatedthanbyremainingwheretheyare,maybetemporarilykeptbackinadangerzone.

    Prisonersofwarshallnotbeunnecessarilyexposedtodangerwhileawaitingevacuationfromafightingzone.

    Art20.TheevacuationofprisonersofwarshallalwaysbeeffectedhumanelyandinconditionssimilartothosefortheforcesoftheDetainingPowerintheirchangesofstation.

    TheDetainingPowershallsupplyprisonersofwarwhoarebeingevacuatedwithsufficientfoodandpotablewater,andwiththenecessaryclothingandmedicalattention.TheDetainingPowershalltakeallsuitableprecautionstoensuretheirsafetyduringevacuation,andshallestablishassoonaspossiblealistoftheprisonersofwarwhoareevacuated.

    Ifprisonersofwarmust,duringevacuation,passthroughtransitcamps,theirstayinsuchcampsshallbeasbriefaspossible.

    SectionII.InternmentofPrisonersofWar

    ChapterI.GeneralObservations

    Art21.TheDetainingPowermaysubjectprisonersofwartointernment.Itmayimposeonthemtheobligationofnotleaving,beyondcertainlimits,thecampwheretheyareinterned,orifthesaidcampisfencedin,ofnotgoingoutsideitsperimeter.SubjecttotheprovisionsofthepresentConventionrelativetopenalanddisciplinarysanctions,prisonersofwarmaynotbeheldincloseconfinementexceptwherenecessarytosafeguardtheirhealthandthenonlyduringthecontinuationofthecircumstanceswhichmakesuchconfinementnecessary.

    Prisonersofwarmaybepartiallyorwhollyreleasedonparoleorpromise,insofarasisallowedbythelawsofthePoweronwhichtheydepend.Suchmeasuresshallbetakenparticularlyincaseswherethismaycontributetotheimprovementoftheirstateofhealth.Noprisonerofwarshallbecompelledtoacceptlibertyonparoleorpromise.

    Upontheoutbreakofhostilities,eachPartytotheconflictshallnotifytheadversePartyofthelawsandregulationsallowingorforbiddingitsownnationalstoacceptlibertyonparoleorpromise.Prisonersofwarwhoareparoledorwhohavegiventheirpromiseinconformitywiththelawsandregulationssonotified,areboundontheirpersonalhonourscrupulouslytofulfil,bothtowardsthePoweronwhichtheydependandtowardsthePowerwhichhascapturedthem,theengagementsoftheirparolesorpromises.Insuchcases,thePoweronwhichtheydependisboundneithertorequirenortoacceptfromthemanyserviceincompatiblewiththeparoleorpromisegiven.

    Art22.Prisonersofwarmaybeinternedonlyinpremiseslocatedonlandandaffordingeveryguaranteeofhygieneandhealthfulness.Exceptinparticularcaseswhicharejustifiedbytheinterestoftheprisonersthemselves,theyshallnotbeinternedinpenitentiaries.

    Prisonersofwarinternedinunhealthyareas,orwheretheclimateisinjuriousforthem,shallberemovedassoonaspossibletoamorefavourableclimate.

    TheDetainingPowershallassembleprisonersofwarincampsorcampcompoundsaccordingtotheirnationality,languageandcustoms,providedthatsuchprisonersshallnotbeseparatedfromprisonersofwarbelongingtothearmedforceswithwhichtheywereservingatthetimeoftheircapture,exceptwiththeirconsent.

    Art23.Noprisonerofwarmayatanytimebesentto,ordetainedinareaswherehemaybeexposedtothefireofthecombatzone,normayhispresencebeusedtorendercertainpointsorareasimmunefrommilitaryoperations.

    Prisonersofwarshallhavesheltersagainstairbombardmentandotherhazardsofwar,tothesameextentasthelocalcivilianpopulation.Withtheexceptionofthoseengagedintheprotectionoftheirquartersagainsttheaforesaidhazards,theymayentersuchsheltersassoonaspossibleafterthegivingofthealarm.Anyotherprotectivemeasuretakeninfavourofthepopulationshallalsoapplytothem.

    DetainingPowersshallgivethePowersconcerned,throughtheintermediaryoftheProtectingPowers,allusefulinformationregardingthegeographicallocationofprisonerofwarcamps.

    Whenevermilitaryconsiderationspermit,prisonerofwarcampsshallbeindicatedinthedaytime

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    bythelettersPWorPG,placedsoastobeclearlyvisiblefromtheair.ThePowersconcernedmay,however,agreeuponanyothersystemofmarking.Onlyprisonerofwarcampsshallbemarkedassuch.

    Art24.TransitorscreeningcampsofapermanentkindshallbefittedoutunderconditionssimilartothosedescribedinthepresentSection,andtheprisonersthereinshallhavethesametreatmentasinothercamps.

    ChapterII.Quarters,FoodandClothingofPrisonersofWar

    Art25.PrisonersofwarshallbequarteredunderconditionsasfavourableasthosefortheforcesoftheDetainingPowerwhoarebilletedinthesamearea.Thesaidconditionsshallmakeallowanceforthehabitsandcustomsoftheprisonersandshallinnocasebeprejudicialtotheirhealth.

    Theforegoingprovisionsshallapplyinparticulartothedormitoriesofprisonersofwarasregardsbothtotalsurfaceandminimumcubicspace,andthegeneralinstallations,beddingandblankets.

    Thepremisesprovidedfortheuseofprisonersofwarindividuallyorcollectively,shallbeentirelyprotectedfromdampnessandadequatelyheatedandlighted,inparticularbetweenduskandlightsout.Allprecautionsmustbetakenagainstthedangeroffire.

    Inanycampsinwhichwomenprisonersofwar,aswellasmen,areaccommodated,separatedormitoriesshallbeprovidedforthem.

    Art26.Thebasicdailyfoodrationsshallbesufficientinquantity,qualityandvarietytokeepprisonersofwaringoodhealthandtopreventlossofweightorthedevelopmentofnutritionaldeficiencies.Accountshallalsobetakenofthehabitualdietoftheprisoners.

    TheDetainingPowershallsupplyprisonersofwarwhoworkwithsuchadditionalrationsasarenecessaryforthelabouronwhichtheyareemployed.

    Sufficientdrinkingwatershallbesuppliedtoprisonersofwar.Theuseoftobaccoshallbepermitted.

    Prisonersofwarshall,asfaraspossible,beassociatedwiththepreparationoftheirmealstheymaybeemployedforthatpurposeinthekitchens.Furthermore,theyshallbegiventhemeansofpreparing,themselves,theadditionalfoodintheirpossession.

    Adequatepremisesshallbeprovidedformessing.

    Collectivedisciplinarymeasuresaffectingfoodareprohibited.

    Art27.Clothing,underwearandfootwearshallbesuppliedtoprisonersofwarinsufficientquantitiesbytheDetainingPower,whichshallmakeallowancefortheclimateoftheregionwheretheprisonersaredetained.UniformsofenemyarmedforcescapturedbytheDetainingPowershould,ifsuitablefortheclimate,bemadeavailabletoclotheprisonersofwar.

    TheregularreplacementandrepairoftheabovearticlesshallbeassuredbytheDetainingPower.Inaddition,prisonersofwarwhoworkshallreceiveappropriateclothing,whereverthenatureoftheworkdemands.

    Art28.Canteensshallbeinstalledinallcamps,whereprisonersofwarmayprocurefoodstuffs,soapandtobaccoandordinaryarticlesindailyuse.Thetariffshallneverbeinexcessoflocalmarketprices.

    Theprofitsmadebycampcanteensshallbeusedforthebenefitoftheprisonersaspecialfundshallbecreatedforthispurpose.Theprisoners'representativeshallhavetherighttocollaborateinthemanagementofthecanteenandofthisfund.

    Whenacampiscloseddown,thecreditbalanceofthespecialfundshallbehandedtoaninternationalwelfareorganization,tobeemployedforthebenefitofprisonersofwarofthesamenationalityasthosewhohavecontributedtothefund.Incaseofageneralrepatriation,suchprofitsshallbekeptbytheDetainingPower,subjecttoanyagreementtothecontrarybetweenthePowersconcerned.

    ChapterIII.HygeneandMedicalAttention

    Art29.TheDetainingPowershallbeboundtotakeallsanitarymeasuresnecessarytoensurethecleanlinessandhealthfulnessofcampsandtopreventepidemics.

    Prisonersofwarshallhavefortheiruse,dayandnight,convenienceswhichconformtotherulesofhygieneandaremaintainedinaconstantstateofcleanliness.Inanycampsinwhichwomenprisonersofwarareaccommodated,separateconveniencesshallbeprovidedforthem.

    Also,apartfromthebathsandshowerswithwhichthecampsshallbefurnishedprisonersofwarshallbeprovidedwithsufficientwaterandsoapfortheirpersonaltoiletandforwashingtheirpersonallaundrythenecessaryinstallations,facilitiesandtimeshallbegrantedthemforthat

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    purpose.

    Art30.Everycampshallhaveanadequateinfirmarywhereprisonersofwarmayhavetheattentiontheyrequire,aswellasappropriatediet.Isolationwardsshall,ifnecessary,besetasideforcasesofcontagiousormentaldisease.

    Prisonersofwarsufferingfromseriousdisease,orwhoseconditionnecessitatesspecialtreatment,asurgicaloperationorhospitalcare,mustbeadmittedtoanymilitaryorcivilianmedicalunitwheresuchtreatmentcanbegiven,eveniftheirrepatriationiscontemplatedinthenearfuture.Specialfacilitiesshallbeaffordedforthecaretobegiventothedisabled,inparticulartotheblind,andfortheir.rehabilitation,pendingrepatriation.

    Prisonersofwarshallhavetheattention,preferably,ofmedicalpersonnelofthePoweronwhichtheydependand,ifpossible,oftheirnationality.

    Prisonersofwarmaynotbepreventedfrompresentingthemselvestothemedicalauthoritiesforexamination.Thedetainingauthoritiesshall,uponrequest,issuetoeveryprisonerwhohasundergonetreatment,anofficialcertificateindicatingthenatureofhisillnessorinjury,andthedurationandkindoftreatmentreceived.AduplicateofthiscertificateshallbeforwardedtotheCentralPrisonersofWarAgency.

    Thecostsoftreatment,includingthoseofanyapparatusnecessaryforthemaintenanceofprisonersofwaringoodhealth,particularlydenturesandotherartificialappliances,andspectacles,shallbebornebytheDetainingPower.

    Art31.Medicalinspectionsofprisonersofwarshallbeheldatleastonceamonth.Theyshallincludethecheckingandtherecordingoftheweightofeachprisonerofwar.

    Theirpurposeshallbe,inparticular,tosupervisethegeneralstateofhealth,nutritionandcleanlinessofprisonersandtodetectcontagiousdiseases,especiallytuberculosis,malariaandvenerealdisease.Forthispurposethemostefficientmethodsavailableshallbeemployed,e.g.periodicmassminiatureradiographyfortheearlydetectionoftuberculosis.

    Art32.Prisonersofwarwho,thoughnotattachedtothemedicalserviceoftheirarmedforces,arephysicians,surgeons,dentists,nursesormedicalorderlies,mayberequiredbytheDetainingPowertoexercisetheirmedicalfunctionsintheinterestsofprisonersofwardependentonthesamePower.Inthatcasetheyshallcontinuetobeprisonersofwar,butshallreceivethesametreatmentascorrespondingmedicalpersonnelretainedbytheDetainingPower.TheyshallbeexemptedfromanyotherworkunderArticle49.

    ChapterIV.MedicalPersonnelandChaplainsRetainedtoAssistPrisonersofWar

    Art33.MembersofthemedicalpersonnelandchaplainswhileretainedbytheDetainingPowerwithaviewtoassistingprisonersofwar,shallnotbeconsideredasprisonersofwar.Theyshall,however,receiveasaminimumthebenefitsandprotectionofthepresentConvention,andshallalsobegrantedallfacilitiesnecessarytoprovideforthemedicalcareof,andreligiousministrationtoprisonersofwar.

    Theyshallcontinuetoexercisetheirmedicalandspiritualfunctionsforthebenefitofprisonersofwar,preferablythosebelongingtothearmedforcesuponwhichtheydepend,withinthescopeofthemilitarylawsandregulationsoftheDetainingPowerandunderthecontrolofitscompetentservices,inaccordancewiththeirprofessionaletiquette.Theyshallalsobenefitbythefollowingfacilitiesintheexerciseoftheirmedicalorspiritualfunctions:

    (a)Theyshallbeauthorizedtovisitperiodicallyprisonersofwarsituatedinworkingdetachmentsorinhospitalsoutsidethecamp.Forthispurpose,theDetainingPowershallplaceattheirdisposalthenecessarymeansoftransport.

    (b)Theseniormedicalofficerineachcampshallberesponsibletothecampmilitaryauthoritiesforeverythingconnectedwiththeactivitiesofretainedmedicalpersonnel.Forthispurpose,Partiestotheconflictshallagreeattheoutbreakofhostilitiesonthesubjectofthecorrespondingranksofthemedicalpersonnel,includingthatofsocietiesmentionedinArticle26oftheGenevaConventionfortheAmeliorationoftheConditionoftheWoundedandSickinArmedForcesintheFieldofAugust12,1949.Thisseniormedicalofficer,aswellaschaplains,shallhavetherighttodealwiththecompetentauthoritiesofthecamponallquestionsrelatingtotheirduties.Suchauthoritiesshallaffordthemallnecessaryfacilitiesforcorrespondencerelatingtothesequestions.

    (c)Althoughtheyshallbesubjecttotheinternaldisciplineofthecampinwhichtheyareretained,suchpersonnelmaynotbecompelledtocarryoutanyworkotherthanthatconcernedwiththeirmedicalorreligiousduties.

    Duringhostilities,thePartiestotheconflictshallagreeconcerningthepossiblereliefofretainedpersonnelandshallsettletheproceduretobefollowed.

    NoneoftheprecedingprovisionsshallrelievetheDetainingPowerofitsobligationswithregardto

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    prisonersofwarfromthemedicalorspiritualpointofview.

    ChapterV.Religious,IntellectualandPhysicalActivities

    Art34.Prisonersofwarshallenjoycompletelatitudeintheexerciseoftheirreligiousduties,includingattendanceattheserviceoftheirfaith,onconditionthattheycomplywiththedisciplinaryroutineprescribedbythemilitaryauthorities.

    Adequatepremisesshallbeprovidedwherereligiousservicesmaybeheld.

    Art35.ChaplainswhofallintothehandsoftheenemyPowerandwhoremainorareretainedwithaviewtoassistingprisonersofwar,shallbeallowedtoministertothemandtoexercisefreelytheirministryamongstprisonersofwarofthesamereligion,inaccordancewiththeirreligiousconscience.Theyshallbeallocatedamongthevariouscampsandlabourdetachmentscontainingprisonersofwarbelongingtothesameforces,speakingthesamelanguageorpractisingthesamereligion.Theyshallenjoythenecessaryfacilities,includingthemeansoftransportprovidedforinArticle33,forvisitingtheprisonersofwaroutsidetheircamp.Theyshallbefreetocorrespond,subjecttocensorship,onmattersconcerningtheirreligiousdutieswiththeecclesiasticalauthoritiesinthecountryofdetentionandwithinternationalreligiousorganizations.LettersandcardswhichtheymaysendforthispurposeshallbeinadditiontothequotaprovidedforinArticle71.

    Art36.Prisonersofwarwhoareministersofreligion,withouthavingofficiatedaschaplainstotheirownforces,shallbeatliberty,whatevertheirdenomination,toministerfreelytothemembersoftheircommunity.Forthispurpose,theyshallreceivethesametreatmentasthechaplainsretainedbytheDetainingPower.Theyshallnotbeobligedtodoanyotherwork.

    Art37.Whenprisonersofwarhavenottheassistanceofaretainedchaplainorofaprisonerofwarministeroftheirfaith,aministerbelongingtotheprisoners'orasimilardenomination,orinhisabsenceaqualifiedlayman,ifsuchacourseisfeasiblefromaconfessionalpointofview,shallbeappointed,attherequestoftheprisonersconcerned,tofillthisoffice.Thisappointment,subjecttotheapprovaloftheDetainingPower,shalltakeplacewiththeagreementofthecommunityofprisonersconcernedand,wherevernecessary,withtheapprovalofthelocalreligiousauthoritiesofthesamefaith.ThepersonthusappointedshallcomplywithallregulationsestablishedbytheDetainingPowerintheinterestsofdisciplineandmilitarysecurity.

    Art38.Whilerespectingtheindividualpreferencesofeveryprisoner,theDetainingPowershallencouragethepracticeofintellectual,educational,andrecreationalpursuits,sportsandgamesamongstprisoners,andshalltakethemeasuresnecessarytoensuretheexercisethereofbyprovidingthemwithadequatepremisesandnecessaryequipment.

    Prisonersshallhaveopportunitiesfortakingphysicalexercise,includingsportsandgames,andforbeingoutofdoors.Sufficientopenspacesshallbeprovidedforthispurposeinallcamps.

    ChapterVI.Discipline

    Art39.EveryprisonerofwarcampshallbeputundertheimmediateauthorityofaresponsiblecommissionedofficerbelongingtotheregulararmedforcesoftheDetainingPower.SuchofficershallhaveinhispossessionacopyofthepresentConventionheshallensurethatitsprovisionsareknowntothecampstaffandtheguardandshallberesponsible,underthedirectionofhisgovernment,foritsapplication.

    Prisonersofwar,withtheexceptionofofficers,mustsaluteandshowtoallofficersoftheDetainingPowertheexternalmarksofrespectprovidedforbytheregulationsapplyingintheirownforces.

    OfficerprisonersofwarareboundtosaluteonlyofficersofahigherrankoftheDetainingPowertheymust,however,salutethecampcommanderregardlessofhisrank.

    Art40.Thewearingofbadgesofrankandnationality,aswellasofdecorations,shallbepermitted.

    Art41.IneverycampthetextofthepresentConventionanditsAnnexesandthecontentsofanyspecialagreementprovidedforinArticle6,shallbeposted,intheprisoners'ownlanguage,inplaceswhereallmayreadthem.Copiesshallbesupplied,onrequest,totheprisonerswhocannothaveaccesstothecopywhichhasbeenposted.

    Regulations,orders,noticesandpublicationsofeverykindrelatingtotheconductofprisonersofwarshallbeissuedtotheminalanguagewhichtheyunderstand.Suchregulations,ordersandpublicationsshallbepostedinthemannerdescribedaboveandcopiesshallbehandedtotheprisoners'representative.Everyorderandcommandaddressedtoprisonersofwarindividuallymustlikewisebegiveninalanguagewhichtheyunderstand.

    Art42.Theuseofweaponsagainstprisonersofwar,especiallyagainstthosewhoareescapingorattemptingtoescape,shallconstituteanextrememeasure,whichshallalwaysbeprecededbywarningsappropriatetothecircumstances.

    ChapterVII.RankofPrisonersofWar

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    Art43.Upontheoutbreakofhostilities,thePartiestotheconflictshallcommunicatetooneanotherthetitlesandranksofallthepersonsmentionedinArticle4ofthepresentConvention,inordertoensureequalityoftreatmentbetweenprisonersofequivalentrank.Titlesandrankswhicharesubsequentlycreatedshallformthesubjectofsimilarcommunications.

    TheDetainingPowershallrecognizepromotionsinrankwhichhavebeenaccordedtoprisonersofwarandwhichhavebeendulynotifiedbythePoweronwhichtheseprisonersdepend.

    Art44.Officersandprisonersofequivalentstatusshallbetreatedwiththeregardduetotheirrankandage.

    Inordertoensureserviceinofficers'camps,otherranksofthesamearmedforceswho,asfaraspossible,speakthesamelanguage,shallbeassignedinsufficientnumbers,accountbeingtakenoftherankofofficersandprisonersofequivalentstatus.Suchorderliesshallnotberequiredtoperformanyotherwork.

    Supervisionofthemessbytheofficersthemselvesshallbefacilitatedineveryway.

    Art45.Prisonersofwarotherthanofficersandprisonersofequivalentstatusshallbetreatedwiththeregardduetotheirrankandage.

    Supervisionofthemessbytheprisonersthemselvesshallbefacilitatedineveryway.

    ChapterVIII.TransferofPrisonersofWaraftertheirArrivalinCamp

    Art46.TheDetainingPower,whendecidinguponthetransferofprisonersofwar,shalltakeintoaccounttheinterestsoftheprisonersthemselves,moreespeciallysoasnottoincreasethedifficultyoftheirrepatriation.

    ThetransferofprisonersofwarshallalwaysbeeffectedhumanelyandinconditionsnotlessfavourablethanthoseunderwhichtheforcesoftheDetainingPoweraretransferred.Accountshallalwaysbetakenoftheclimaticconditionstowhichtheprisonersofwarareaccustomedandtheconditionsoftransfershallinnocasebeprejudicialtotheirhealth.

    TheDetainingPowershallsupplyprisonersofwarduringtransferwithsufficientfoodanddrinkingwatertokeepthemingoodhealth,likewisewiththenecessaryclothing,shelterandmedicalattention.TheDetainingPowershalltakeadequateprecautionsespeciallyincaseoftransportbyseaorbyair,toensuretheirsafetyduringtransfer,andshalldrawupacompletelistofalltransferredprisonersbeforetheirdeparture.

    Art47.Sickorwoundedprisonersofwarshallnotbetransferredaslongastheirrecoverymaybeendangeredbythejourney,unlesstheirsafetyimperativelydemandsit.

    Ifthecombatzonedrawsclosertoacamp,theprisonersofwarinthesaidcampshallnotbetransferredunlesstheirtransfercanbecarriedoutinadequateconditionsofsafety,orunlesstheyareexposedtogreaterrisksbyremainingonthespotthanbybeingtransferred.

    Art48.Intheeventoftransfer,prisonersofwarshallbeofficiallyadvisedoftheirdepartureandoftheirnewpostaladdress.Suchnotificationsshallbegivenintimeforthemtopacktheirluggageandinformtheirnextofkin.

    Theyshallbeallowedtotakewiththemtheirpersonaleffects,andthecorrespondenceandparcelswhichhavearrivedforthem.Theweightofsuchbaggagemaybelimited,iftheconditionsoftransfersorequire,towhateachprisonercanreasonablycarry,whichshallinnocasebemorethantwentyfivekilogramsperhead.

    Mailandparcelsaddressedtotheirformercampshallbeforwardedtothemwithoutdelay.Thecampcommandershalltake,inagreementwiththeprisoners'representative,anymeasuresneededtoensurethetransportoftheprisoners'communitypropertyandoftheluggagetheyareunabletotakewiththeminconsequenceofrestrictionsimposedbyvirtueofthesecondparagraphofthisArticle.

    ThecostsoftransfersshallbebornebytheDetainingPower.

    SectionIII.LabourofPrisonersofWar

    Art49.TheDetainingPowermayutilizethelabourofprisonersofwarwhoarephysicallyfit,takingintoaccounttheirage,sex,rankandphysicalaptitude,andwithaviewparticularlytomaintainingtheminagoodstateofphysicalandmentalhealth.

    Noncommissionedofficerswhoareprisonersofwarshallonlyberequiredtodosupervisorywork.Thosenotsorequiredmayaskforothersuitableworkwhichshall,sofaraspossible,befoundforthem.

    Ifofficersorpersonsofequivalentstatusaskforsuitablework,itshallbefoundforthem,sofaraspossible,buttheymayinnocircumstancesbecompelledtowork.

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    Art50.Besidesworkconnectedwithcampadministration,installationormaintenance,prisonersofwarmaybecompelledtodoonlysuchworkasisincludedinthefollowingclasses:

    (a)agriculture(b)industriesconnectedwiththeproductionortheextractionofrawmaterials,andmanufacturingindustries,withtheexceptionofmetallurgical,machineryandchemicalindustriespublicworksandbuildingoperationswhichhavenomilitarycharacterorpurpose(c)transportandhandlingofstoreswhicharenotmilitaryincharacterorpurpose(d)commercialbusiness,andartsandcrafts(e)domesticservice(f)publicutilityserviceshavingnomilitarycharacterorpurpose.

    Shouldtheaboveprovisionsbeinfringed,prisonersofwarshallbeallowedtoexercisetheirrightofcomplaint,inconformitywithArticle78.

    Art51.Prisonersofwarmustbegrantedsuitableworkingconditions,especiallyasregardsaccommodation,food,clothingandequipmentsuchconditionsshallnotbeinferiortothoseenjoyedbynationalsoftheDetainingPoweremployedinsimilarworkaccountshallalsobetakenofclimaticconditions.

    TheDetainingPower,inutilizingthelabourofprisonersofwar,shallensurethatinareasinwhichsuchprisonersareemployed,thenationallegislationconcerningtheprotectionoflabour,and,moreparticularly,theregulationsforthesafetyofworkers,aredulyapplied.

    PrisonersofwarshallreceivetrainingandbeprovidedwiththemeansofprotectionsuitabletotheworktheywillhavetodoandsimilartothoseaccordedtothenationalsoftheDetainingPower.SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle52,prisonersmaybesubmittedtothenormalrisksrunbythesecivilianworkers.

    Conditionsoflabourshallinnocaseberenderedmorearduousbydisciplinarymeasures.

    Art52.Unlesshebeavolunteer,noprisonerofwarmaybeemployedonlabourwhichisofanunhealthyordangerousnature.

    NoprisonerofwarshallbeassignedtolabourwhichwouldbelookeduponashumiliatingforamemberoftheDetainingPower'sownforces.

    Theremovalofminesorsimilardevicesshallbeconsideredasdangerouslabour.

    Art53.Thedurationofthedailylabourofprisonersofwar,includingthetimeofthejourneytoandfro,shallnotbeexcessive,andmustinnocaseexceedthatpermittedforcivilianworkersinthedistrict,whoarenationalsoftheDetainingPowerandemployedonthesamework.

    Prisonersofwarmustbeallowed,inthemiddleoftheday'swork,arestofnotlessthanonehour.ThisrestwillbethesameasthattowhichworkersoftheDetainingPowerareentitled,ifthelatterisoflongerduration.Theyshallbeallowedinadditionarestoftwentyfourconsecutivehourseveryweek,preferablyonSundayorthedayofrestintheircountryoforigin.Furthermore,everyprisonerwhohasworkedforoneyearshallbegrantedarestofeightconsecutivedays,duringwhichhisworkingpayshallbepaidhim.

    Ifmethodsoflaboursuchaspieceworkareemployed,thelengthoftheworkingperiodshallnotberenderedexcessivethereby.

    Art54.TheworkingpayduetoprisonersofwarshallbefixedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle62ofthepresentConvention.

    Prisonersofwarwhosustainaccidentsinconnectionwithwork,orwhocontractadiseaseinthecourse,orinconsequenceoftheirwork,shallreceiveallthecaretheirconditionmayrequire.TheDetainingPowershallfurthermoredelivertosuchprisonersofwaramedicalcertificateenablingthemtosubmittheirclaimstothePoweronwhichtheydepend,andshallsendaduplicatetotheCentralPrisonersofWarAgencyprovidedforinArticle123.

    Art55.Thefitnessofprisonersofwarforworkshallbeperiodicallyverifiedbymedicalexaminationsatleastonceamonth.Theexaminationsshallhaveparticularregardtothenatureoftheworkwhichprisonersofwararerequiredtodo.

    Ifanyprisonerofwarconsidershimselfincapableofworking,heshallbepermittedtoappearbeforethemedicalauthoritiesofhiscamp.Physiciansorsurgeonsmayrecommendthattheprisonerswhoare,intheiropinion,unfitforwork,beexemptedtherefrom.

    Art56.Theorganizationandadministrationoflabourdetachmentsshallbesimilartothoseofprisonerofwarcamps.

    Everylabourdetachmentshallremainunderthecontrolofandadministrativelypartofaprisonerofwarcamp.Themilitaryauthoritiesandthecommanderofthesaidcampshallberesponsible,under

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    thedirectionoftheirgovernment,fortheobservanceoftheprovisionsofthepresentConventioninlabourdetachments.

    Thecampcommandershallkeepanuptodaterecordofthelabourdetachmentsdependentonhiscamp,andshallcommunicateittothedelegatesoftheProtectingPower,oftheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross,orofotheragenciesgivingrelieftoprisonersofwar,whomayvisitthecamp.

    Art57.Thetreatmentofprisonersofwarwhoworkforprivatepersons,evenifthelatterareresponsibleforguardingandprotectingthem,shallnotbeinferiortothatwhichisprovidedforbythepresentConvention.TheDetainingPower,themilitaryauthoritiesandthecommanderofthecamptowhichsuchprisonersbelongshallbeentirelyresponsibleforthemaintenance,care,treatment,andpaymentoftheworkingpayofsuchprisonersofwar.

    Suchprisonersofwarshallhavetherighttoremainincommunicationwiththeprisoners'representativesinthecampsonwhichtheydepend.

    SectionIV.FinancialResourcesofPrisonersofWar

    Art58.Upontheoutbreakofhostilities,andpendinganarrangementonthismatterwiththeProtectingPower,theDetainingPowermaydeterminethemaximumamountofmoneyincashorinanysimilarform,thatprisonersmayhaveintheirpossession.Anyamountinexcess,whichwasproperlyintheirpossessionandwhichhasbeentakenorwithheldfromthem,shallbeplacedtotheiraccount,togetherwithanymoniesdepositedbythem,andshallnotbeconvertedintoanyothercurrencywithouttheirconsent.

    Ifprisonersofwararepermittedtopurchaseservicesorcommoditiesoutsidethecampagainstpaymentincash,suchpaymentsshallbemadebytheprisonerhimselforbythecampadministrationwhowillchargethemtotheaccountsoftheprisonersconcerned.TheDetainingPowerwillestablishthenecessaryrulesinthisrespect.

    Art59.Cashwhichwastakenfromprisonersofwar,inaccordancewithArticle18,atthetimeoftheircapture,andwhichisinthecurrencyoftheDetainingPower,shallbeplacedtotheirseparateaccounts,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle64ofthepresentSection.

    Theamounts,inthecurrencyoftheDetainingPower,duetotheconversionofsumsinothercurrenciesthataretakenfromtheprisonersofwaratthesametime,shallalsobecreditedtotheirseparateaccounts.

    Art60.TheDetainingPowershallgrantallprisonersofwaramonthlyadvanceofpay,theamountofwhichshallbefixedbyconversion,intothecurrencyofthesaidPower,ofthefollowingamounts:

    CategoryI:Prisonersrankingbelowsergeants:eightSwissfrancs.

    CategoryII:Sergeantsandothernoncommissionedofficers,orprisonersofequivalentrank:twelveSwissfrancs.

    CategoryIII:Warrantofficersandcommissionedofficersbelowtherankofmajororprisonersofequivalentrank:fiftySwissfrancs.

    CategoryIV:Majors,lieutenantcolonels,colonelsorprisonersofequivalentrank:sixtySwissfrancs.

    CategoryV:Generalofficersorprisonersofwarofequivalentrank:seventyfiveSwissfrancs.

    However,thePartiestotheconflictconcernedmaybyspecialagreementmodifytheamountofadvancesofpayduetoprisonersoftheprecedingcategories.

    Furthermore,iftheamountsindicatedinthefirstparagraphabovewouldbeundulyhighcomparedwiththepayoftheDetainingPower'sarmedforcesorwould,foranyreason,seriouslyembarrasstheDetainingPower,then,pendingtheconclusionofaspecialagreementwiththePoweronwhichtheprisonersdependtovarytheamountsindicatedabove,theDetainingPower:

    (a)shallcontinuetocredittheaccountsoftheprisonerswiththeamountsindicatedinthefirstparagraphabove(b)maytemporarilylimittheamountmadeavailablefromtheseadvancesofpaytoprisonersofwarfortheirownuse,tosumswhicharereasonable,butwhich,forCategoryI,shallneverbeinferiortotheamountthattheDetainingPowergivestothemembersofitsownarmedforces.

    ThereasonsforanylimitationswillbegivenwithoutdelaytotheProtectingPower.

    Art61.TheDetainingPowershallacceptfordistributionassupplementarypaytoprisonersofwarsumswhichthePoweronwhichtheprisonersdependmayforwardtothem,onconditionthatthesumstobepaidshallbethesameforeachprisonerofthesamecategory,shallbepayabletoallprisonersofthatcategorydependingonthatPower,andshallbeplacedintheirseparateaccounts,

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    attheearliestopportunity,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle64.SuchsupplementarypayshallnotrelievetheDetainingPowerofanyobligationunderthisConvention.

    Art62.Prisonersofwarshallbepaidafairworkingrateofpaybythedetainingauthoritiesdirect.Therateshallbefixedbythesaidauthorities,butshallatnotimebelessthanonefourthofoneSwissfrancforafullworkingday.TheDetainingPowershallinformprisonersofwar,aswellasthePoweronwhichtheydepend,throughtheintermediaryoftheProtectingPower,oftherateofdailyworkingpaythatithasfixed.

    Workingpayshalllikewisebepaidbythedetainingauthoritiestoprisonersofwarpermanentlydetailedtodutiesortoaskilledorsemiskilledoccupationinconnectionwiththeadministration,installationormaintenanceofcamps,andtotheprisonerswhoarerequiredtocarryoutspiritualormedicaldutiesonbehalfoftheircomrades.

    Theworkingpayoftheprisoners'representative,ofhisadvisers,ifany,andofhisassistants,shallbepaidoutofthefundmaintainedbycanteenprofits.Thescaleofthisworkingpayshallbefixedbytheprisoners'representativeandapprovedbythecampcommander.Ifthereisnosuchfund,thedetainingauthoritiesshallpaytheseprisonersafairworkingrateofpay.

    Atr63.Prisonersofwarshallbepermittedtoreceiveremittancesofmoneyaddressedtothemindividuallyorcollectively.

    EveryprisonerofwarshallhaveathisdisposalthecreditbalanceofhisaccountasprovidedforinthefollowingArticle,withinthelimitsfixedbytheDetainingPower,whichshallmakesuchpaymentsasarerequested.SubjecttofinancialormonetaryrestrictionswhichtheDetainingPowerregardsasessential,prisonersofwarmayalsohavepaymentsmadeabroad.Inthiscasepaymentsaddressedbyprisonersofwartodependentsshallbegivenpriority.

    Inanyevent,andsubjecttotheconsentofthePoweronwhichtheydepend,prisonersmayhavepaymentsmadeintheirowncountry,asfollows:theDetainingPowershallsendtotheaforesaidPowerthroughtheProtectingPower,anotificationgivingallthenecessaryparticularsconcerningtheprisonersofwar,thebeneficiariesofthepayments,andtheamountofthesumstobepaid,expressedintheDetainingPower'scurrency.Thesaidnotificationshallbesignedbytheprisonersandcountersignedbythecampcommander.TheDetainingPowershalldebittheprisoners'accountbyacorrespondingamountthesumsthusdebitedshallbeplacedbyittothecreditofthePoweronwhichtheprisonersdepend.

    Toapplytheforegoingprovisions,theDetainingPowermayusefullyconsulttheModelRegulationsinAnnexVofthepresentConvention.

    Art.64TheDetainingPowershallholdanaccountforeachprisonerofwar,showingatleastthefollowing:

    (1)Theamountsduetotheprisonerorreceivedbyhimasadvancesofpay,asworkingpayorderivedfromanyothersourcethesumsinthecurrencyoftheDetainingPowerwhichweretakenfromhimthesumstakenfromhimandconvertedathisrequestintothecurrencyofthesaidPower.

    (2)Thepaymentsmadetotheprisonerincash,orinanyothersimilarformthepaymentsmadeonhisbehalfandathisrequestthesumstransferredunderArticle63,thirdparagraph.

    Art65.Everyitementeredintheaccountofaprisonerofwarshallbecountersignedorinitialledbyhim,orbytheprisoners'representativeactingonhisbehalf.

    Prisonersofwarshallatalltimesbeaffordedreasonablefacilitiesforconsultingandobtainingcopiesoftheiraccounts,whichmaylikewisebeinspectedbytherepresentativesoftheProtectingPowersatthetimeofvisitstothecamp.

    Whenprisonersofwararetransferredfromonecamptoanother,theirpersonalaccountswillfollowthem.IncaseoftransferfromoneDetainingPowertoanother,themonieswhicharetheirpropertyandarenotinthecurrencyoftheDetainingPowerwillfollowthem.Theyshallbegivencertificatesforanyothermoniesstandingtothecreditoftheiraccounts.

    ThePartiestotheconflictconcernedmayagreetonotifytoeachotheratspecificintervalsthroughtheProtectingPower,theamountoftheaccountsoftheprisonersofwar.

    Art66.Ontheterminationofcaptivity,throughthereleaseofaprisonerofwarorhisrepatriation,theDetainingPowershallgivehimastatement,signedbyanauthorizedofficerofthatPower,showingthecreditbalancethenduetohim.TheDetainingPowershallalsosendthroughtheProtectingPowertothegovernmentuponwhichtheprisonerofwardepends,listsgivingallappropriateparticularsofallprisonersofwarwhosecaptivityhasbeenterminatedbyrepatriation,release,escape,deathoranyothermeans,andshowingtheamountoftheircreditbalances.SuchlistsshallbecertifiedoneachsheetbyanauthorizedrepresentativeoftheDetainingPower.

    AnyoftheaboveprovisionsofthisArticlemaybevariedbymutualagreementbetweenanytwoPartiestotheconflict.

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    ThePoweronwhichtheprisonerofwardependsshallberesponsibleforsettlingwithhimanycreditbalanceduetohimfromtheDetainingPowerontheterminationofhiscaptivity.

    Art67.Advancesofpay,issuedtoprisonersofwarinconformitywithArticle60,shallbeconsideredasmadeonbehalfofthePoweronwhichtheydepend.Suchadvancesofpay,aswellasallpaymentsmadebythesaidPowerunderArticle63,thirdparagraph,andArticle68,shallformthesubjectofarrangementsbetweenthePowersconcerned,atthecloseofhostilities.

    Art68.AnyclaimbyaprisonerofwarforcompensationinrespectofanyinjuryorotherdisabilityarisingoutofworkshallbereferredtothePoweronwhichhedepends,throughtheProtectingPower.InaccordancewithArticle54,theDetainingPowerwill,inallcases,providetheprisonerofwarconcernedwithastatementshowingthenatureoftheinjuryordisability,thecircumstancesinwhichitaroseandparticularsofmedicalorhospitaltreatmentgivenforit.ThisstatementwillbesignedbyaresponsibleofficeroftheDetainingPowerandthemedicalparticularscertifiedbyamedicalofficer.

    AnyclaimbyaprisonerofwarforcompensationinrespectofpersonaleffectsmoniesorvaluablesimpoundedbytheDetainingPowerunderArticle18andnotforthcomingonhisrepatriation,orinrespectoflossallegedtobeduetothefaultoftheDetainingPoweroranyofitsservants,shalllikewisebereferredtothePoweronwhichhedepends.Nevertheless,anysuchpersonaleffectsrequiredforusebytheprisonersofwarwhilstincaptivityshallbereplacedattheexpenseoftheDetainingPower.TheDetainingPowerwill,inallcases,providetheprisonerofwarwithastatement,signedbyaresponsibleofficer,showingallavailableinformationregardingthereasonswhysucheffects,moniesorvaluableshavenotbeenrestoredtohim.AcopyofthisstatementwillbeforwardedtothePoweronwhichhedependsthroughtheCentralPrisonersofWarAgencyprovidedforinArticle123.

    SectionV.RelationsofPrisonersofWarWiththeExterior

    Art69.Immediatelyuponprisonersofwarfallingintoitspower,theDetainingPowershallinformthemandthePowersonwhichtheydepend,throughtheProtectingPower,ofthemeasurestakentocarryouttheprovisionsofthepresentSection.Theyshalllikewiseinformthepartiesconcernedofanysubsequentmodificationsofsuchmeasures.

    Art70.Immediatelyuponcapture,ornotmorethanoneweekafterarrivalatacamp,evenifitisatransitcamp,likewiseincaseofsicknessortransfertohospitalortoanothercamp,everyprisonerofwarshallbeenabledtowritedirecttohisfamily,ontheonehand,andtotheCentralPrisonersofWarAgencyprovidedforinArticle123,ontheotherhand,acardsimilar,ifpossible,tothemodelannexedtothepresentConvention,informinghisrelativesofhiscapture,addressandstateofhealth.Thesaidcardsshallbeforwardedasrapidlyaspossibleandmaynotbedelayedinanymanner.

    Art71.Prisonersofwarshallbeallowedtosendandreceivelettersandcards.IftheDetainingPowerdeemsitnecessarytolimitthenumberoflettersandcardssentbyeachprisonerofwar,thesaidnumbershallnotbelessthantwolettersandfourcardsmonthly,exclusiveofthecapturecardsprovidedforinArticle70,andconformingascloselyaspossibletothemodelsannexedtothepresentConvention.FurtherlimitationsmaybeimposedonlyiftheProtectingPowerissatisfiedthatitwouldbeintheinterestsoftheprisonersofwarconcernedtodosoowingtodifficultiesoftranslationcausedbytheDetainingPower'sinabilitytofindsufficientqualifiedlinguiststocarryoutthenecessarycensorship.Iflimitationsmustbeplacedonthecorrespondenceaddressedtoprisonersofwar,theymaybeorderedonlybythePoweronwhichtheprisonersdepend,possiblyattherequestoftheDetainingPower.SuchlettersandcardsmustbeconveyedbythemostrapidmethodatthedisposaloftheDetainingPowertheymaynotbedelayedorretainedfordisciplinaryreasons.

    Prisonersofwarwhohavebeenwithoutnewsforalongperiod,orwhoareunabletoreceivenewsfromtheirnextofkinortogivethemnewsbytheordinarypostalroute,aswellasthosewhoareatagreatdistancefromtheirhomes,shallbepermittedtosendtelegrams,thefeesbeingchargedagainsttheprisonersofwar'saccountswiththeDetainingPowerorpaidinthecurrencyattheirdisposal.Theyshalllikewisebenefitbythismeasureincasesofurgency.

    Asageneralrule,thecorrespondenceofprisonersofwarshallbewrittenintheirnativelanguage.ThePartiestotheconflictmayallowcorrespondenceinotherlanguages.

    Sackscontainingprisonerofwarmailmustbesecurelysealedandlabelledsoasclearlytoindicatetheircontents,andmustbeaddressedtoofficesofdestination.

    Art72.Prisonersofwarshallbeallowedtoreceivebypostorbyanyothermeansindividualparcelsorcollectiveshipmentscontaining,inparticular,foodstuffs,clothing,medicalsuppliesandarticlesofareligious,educationalorrecreationalcharacterwhichmaymeettheirneeds,includingbooks,devotionalarticles,scientificequipment,examinationpapers,musicalinstruments,sportsoutfitsandmaterialsallowingprisonersofwartopursuetheirstudiesortheirculturalactivities.

    SuchshipmentsshallinnowayfreetheDetainingPowerfromtheobligationsimposeduponitbyvirtueofthepresentConvention.

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    TheonlylimitswhichmaybeplacedontheseshipmentsshallbethoseproposedbytheProtectingPowerintheinterestoftheprisonersthemselves,orbytheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossoranyotherorganizationgivingassistancetotheprisoners,inrespectoftheirownshipmentsonly,onaccountofexceptionalstrainontransportorcommunications.

    Theconditionsforthesendingofindividualparcelsandcollectivereliefshall,ifnecessary,bethesubjectofspecialagreementsbetweenthePowersconcerned,whichmayinnocasedelaythereceiptbytheprisonersofreliefsupplies.Booksmaynotbeincludedinparcelsofclothingandfoodstuffs.Medicalsuppliesshall,asarule,besentincollectiveparcels.

    Art73.IntheabsenceofspecialagreementsbetweenthePowersconcernedontheconditionsforthereceiptanddistributionofcollectivereliefshipments,therulesandregulationsconcerningcollectiveshipments,whichareannexedtothepresentConvention,shallbeapplied.

    Thespecialagreementsreferredtoaboveshallinnocaserestricttherightofprisoners'representativestotakepossessionofcollectivereliefshipmentsintendedforprisonersofwar,toproceedtotheirdistributionortodisposeofthemintheinterestoftheprisoners.

    NorshallsuchagreementsrestricttherightofrepresentativesoftheProtectingPower,theInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossoranyotherorganizationgivingassistancetoprisonersofwarandresponsiblefortheforwardingofcollectiveshipments,tosupervisetheirdistributiontotherecipients.

    Art74.Allreliefshipmentsforprisonersofwarshallbeexemptfromimport,customsandotherdues.

    Correspondence,reliefshipmentsandauthorizedremittancesofmoneyaddressedtoprisonersofwarordespatchedbythemthroughthepostoffice,eitherdirectorthroughtheInformationBureauxprovidedforinArticle122andtheCentralPrisonersofWarAgencyprovidedforinArticle123,shallbeexemptfromanypostaldues,bothinthecountriesoforiginanddestination,andinintermediatecountries.

    Ifreliefshipmentsintendedforprisonersofwarcannotbesentthroughthepostofficebyreasonofweightorforanyothercause,thecostoftransportationshallbebornebytheDetainingPowerinalltheterritoriesunderitscontrol.TheotherPowerspartytotheConventionshallbearthecostoftransportintheirrespectiveterritories.IntheabsenceofspecialagreementsbetweenthePartiesconcerned,thecostsconnectedwithtransportofsuchshipments,otherthancostscoveredbytheaboveexemption,shallbechargedtothesenders.

    TheHighContractingPartiesshallendeavourtoreduce,sofaraspossible,therateschargedfortelegramssentbyprisonersofwar,oraddressedtothem.

    Art75.ShouldmilitaryoperationspreventthePowersconcernedfromfulfillingtheirobligationtoassurethetransportoftheshipmentsreferredtoinArticles70,71,72and77,theProtectingPowersconcerned,theInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossoranyotherorganizationdulyapprovedbythePartiestotheconflictmayundertaketoensuretheconveyanceofsuchshipmentsbysuitablemeans(railwaywagons,motorvehicles,vesselsoraircraft,etc.).Forthispurpose,theHighContractingPartiesshallendeavourtosupplythemwithsuchtransportandtoallowitscirculation,especiallybygrantingthenecessarysafeconducts.

    Suchtransportmayalsobeusedtoconvey:

    (a)correspondence,listsandreportsexchangedbetweentheCentralInformationAgencyreferredtoinArticle123andtheNationalBureauxreferredtoinArticle122

    (b)correspondenceandreportsrelatingtoprisonersofwarwhichtheProtectingPowers,theInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossoranyotherbodyassistingtheprisoners,exchangeeitherwiththeirowndelegatesorwiththePartiestotheconflict.

    TheseprovisionsinnowaydetractfromtherightofanyPartytotheconflicttoarrangeothermeansoftransport,ifitshouldsoprefer,norprecludethegrantingofsafeconducts,undermutuallyagreedconditions,tosuchmeansoftransport.

    Intheabsenceofspecialagreements,thecostsoccasionedbytheuseofsuchmeansoftransportshallbeborneproportionallybythePartiestotheconflictwhosenationalsarebenefitedthereby.

    Art76.Thecensoringofcorrespondenceaddressedtoprisonersofwarordespatchedbythemshallbedoneasquicklyaspossible.MailshallbecensoredonlybythedespatchingStateandthereceivingState,andonceonlybyeach.

    Theexaminationofconsignmentsintendedforprisonersofwarshallnotbecarriedoutunderconditionsthatwillexposethegoodscontainedinthemtodeteriorationexceptinthecaseofwrittenorprintedmatter,itshallbedoneinthepresenceoftheaddressee,orofafellowprisonerdulydelegatedbyhim.Thedeliverytoprisonersofindividualorcollectiveconsignmentsshallnotbedelayedunderthepretextofdifficultiesofcensorship.

    AnyprohibitionofcorrespondenceorderedbyPartiestotheconflict,eitherformilitaryorpolitical

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    reasons,shallbeonlytemporaryanditsdurationshallbeasshortaspossible.

    Art77.TheDetainingPowersshallprovideallfacilitiesforthetransmission,throughtheProtectingPowerortheCentralPrisonersofWarAgencyprovidedforinArticle123ofinstruments,papersordocumentsintendedforprisonersofwarordespatchedbythem,especiallypowersofattorneyandwills.

    Inallcasestheyshallfacilitatethepreparationandexecutionofsuchdocumentsonbehalfofprisonersofwarinparticular,theyshallallowthemtoconsultalawyerandshalltakewhatmeasuresarenecessaryfortheauthenticationoftheirsignatures.

    SectionVI.RelationsBetweenPrisonersofWarandtheAuthorities

    ChapterI.ComplaintsofPrisonersofWarRespectingtheConditionsofCaptivity

    Art78Prisonersofwarshallhavetherighttomakeknowntothemilitaryauthoritiesinwhosepowertheyare,theirrequestsregardingtheconditionsofcaptivitytowhichtheyaresubjected.

    TheyshallalsohavetheunrestrictedrighttoapplytotherepresentativesoftheProtectingPowerseitherthroughtheirprisoners'representativeor,iftheyconsideritnecessary,direct,inordertodrawtheirattentiontoanypointsonwhichtheymayhavecomplaintstomakeregardingtheirconditionsofcaptivity.

    TheserequestsandcomplaintsshallnotbelimitednorconsideredtobeapartofthecorrespondencequotareferredtoinArticle71.Theymustbetransmittedimmediately.Eveniftheyarerecognizedtobeunfounded,theymaynotgiverisetoanypunishment.

    Prisoners'representativesmaysendperiodicreportsonthesituationinthecampsandtheneedsoftheprisonersofwartotherepresentativesoftheProtectingPowers.

    ChapterII.PrisonerofWarRepresentatives

    Art79.IInallplaceswherethereareprisonersofwar,exceptinthosewherethereareofficers,theprisonersshallfreelyelectbysecretballot,everysixmonths,andalsoincaseofvacancies,prisoners'representativesentrustedwithrepresentingthembeforethemilitaryauthorities,theProtectingPowers,theInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossandanyotherorganizationwhichmayassistthem.Theseprisoners'representativesshallbeeligibleforreelection.

    Incampsforofficersandpersonsofequivalentstatusorinmixedcamps,theseniorofficeramongtheprisonersofwarshallberecognizedasthecampprisoners'representative.Incampsforofficers,heshallbeassistedbyoneormoreadviserschosenbytheofficersinmixedcamps,hisassistantsshallbechosenfromamongtheprisonersofwarwhoarenotofficersandshallbeelectedbythem.

    Officerprisonersofwarofthesamenationalityshallbestationedinlabourcampsforprisonersofwar,forthepurposeofcarryingoutthecampadministrationdutiesforwhichtheprisonersofwarareresponsible.Theseofficersmaybeelectedasprisoners'representativesunderthefirstparagraphofthisArticle.Insuchacasetheassistantstotheprisoners'representativesshallbechosenfromamongthoseprisonersofwarwhoarenotofficers.

    EveryrepresentativeelectedmustbeapprovedbytheDetainingPowerbeforehehastherighttocommencehisduties.WheretheDetainingPowerrefusestoapproveaprisonerofwarelectedbyhisfellowprisonersofwar,itmustinformtheProtectingPowerofthereasonforsuchrefusal.

    Inallcasestheprisoners'representativemusthavethesamenationality,languageandcustomsastheprisonersofwarwhomherepresents.Thus,prisonersofwardistributedindifferentsectionsofacamp,accordingtotheirnationality,languageorcustoms,shallhaveforeachsectiontheirownprisoners'representative,inaccordancewiththeforegoingparagraphs.

    Art80.Prisoners'representativesshallfurtherthephysical,spiritualandintellectualwellbeingofprisonersofwar.

    Inparticular,wheretheprisonersdecidetoorganizeamongstthemselvesasystemofmutualassistance,thisorganizationwillbewithintheprovinceoftheprisoners'representative,inadditiontothespecialdutiesentrustedtohimbyotherprovisionsofthepresentConvention.

    Prisoners'representativesshallnotbeheldresponsible,simplybyreasonoftheirduties,foranyoffencescommittedbyprisonersofwar.

    Art81.Prisoners'representativesshallnotberequiredtoperformanyotherwork,iftheaccomplishmentoftheirdutiesistherebymademoredifficult.

    Prisoners'representativesmayappointfromamongsttheprisonerssuchassistantsastheymayrequire.Allmaterialfacilitiesshallbegrantedthem,particularlyacertainfreedomofmovementnecessaryfortheaccomplishmentoftheirduties(inspectionoflabourdetachments,receiptofsupplies,etc.).

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    Prisoners'representativesshallbepermittedtovisitpremiseswhereprisonersofwararedetained,andeveryprisonerofwarshallhavetherighttoconsultfreelyhisprisoners'representative.

    Allfacilitiesshalllikewisebeaccordedtotheprisoners'representativesforcommunicationbypostandtelegraphwiththedetainingauthorities,theProtectingPowers,theInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossandtheirdelegates,theMixedMedicalCommissionsandthebodieswhichgiveassistancetoprisonersofwar.Prisoners'representativesoflabourdetachmentsshallenjoythesamefacilitiesforcommunicationwiththeprisoners'representativesoftheprincipalcamp.Suchcommunicationsshallnotberestricted,norconsideredasformingapartofthequotamentionedinArticle71.

    Prisoners'representativeswhoaretransferredshallbeallowedareasonabletimetoacquainttheirsuccessorswithcurrentaffairs.

    Incaseofdismissal,thereasonsthereforshallbecommunicatedtotheProtectingPower.

    ChapterIII.PenalandDisciplinarySanctions

    I.GeneralProvisions

    Art82.Aprisonerofwarshallbesubjecttothelaws,regulationsandordersinforceinthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPowertheDetainingPowershallbejustifiedintakingjudicialordisciplinarymeasuresinrespectofanyoffencecommittedbyaprisonerofwaragainstsuchlaws,regulationsororders.However,noproceedingsorpunishmentscontrarytotheprovisionsofthisChaptershallbeallowed.

    Ifanylaw,regulationororderoftheDetainingPowershalldeclareactscommittedbyaprisonerofwartobepunishable,whereasthesameactswouldnotbepunishableifcommittedbyamemberoftheforcesoftheDetainingPower,suchactsshallentaildisciplinarypunishmentsonly.

    Art83.Indecidingwhetherproceedingsinrespectofanoffenceallegedtohavebeencommittedbyaprisonerofwarshallbejudicialordisciplinary,theDetainingPowershallensurethatthecompetentauthoritiesexercisethegreatestleniencyandadopt,whereverpossible,disciplinaryratherthanjudicialmeasures.

    Art84.Aprisonerofwarshallbetriedonlybyamilitarycourt,unlesstheexistinglawsoftheDetainingPowerexpresslypermitthecivilcourtstotryamemberofthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPowerinrespectoftheparticularoffenceallegedtohavebeencommittedbytheprisonerofwar.

    Innocircumstanceswhatevershallaprisonerofwarbetriedbyacourtofanykindwhichdoesnotoffertheessentialguaranteesofindependenceandimpartialityasgenerallyrecognized,and,inparticular,theprocedureofwhichdoesnotaffordtheaccusedtherightsandmeansofdefenceprovidedforinArticle105.

    Art85.PrisonersofwarprosecutedunderthelawsoftheDetainingPowerforactscommittedpriortocaptureshallretain,evenifconvicted,thebenefitsofthepresentConvention.

    Art86.Noprisonerofwarmaybepunishedmorethanonceforthesameactoronthesamecharge.

    Art87.PrisonersofwarmaynotbesentencedbythemilitaryauthoritiesandcourtsoftheDetainingPowertoanypenaltiesexceptthoseprovidedforinrespectofmembersofthearmedforcesofthesaidPowerwhohavecommittedthesameacts.

    Whenfixingthepenalty,thecourtsorauthoritiesoftheDetainingPowershalltakeintoconsideration,tothewidestextentpossible,thefactthattheaccused,notbeinganationaloftheDetainingPower,isnotboundtoitbyanydutyofallegiance,andthatheisinitspowerastheresultofcircumstancesindependentofhisownwill.Thesaidcourtsorauthoritiesshallbeatlibertytoreducethepenaltyprovidedfortheviolationofwhichtheprisonerofwarisaccused,andshallthereforenotbeboundtoapplytheminimumpenaltyprescribed.

    Collectivepunishmentforindividualacts,corporalpunishment,imprisonmentinpremiseswithoutdaylightand,ingeneral,anyformoftortureorcruelty,areforbidden.

    NoprisonerofwarmaybedeprivedofhisrankbytheDetainingPower,orpreventedfromwearinghisbadges.

    Art88.Officers,noncommissionedofficersandmenwhoareprisonersofwarundergoingadisciplinaryorjudicialpunishment,shallnotbesubjectedtomoreseveretreatmentthanthatappliedinrespectofthesamepunishmenttomembersofthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPowerofequivalentrank.

    Awomanprisonerofwarshallnotbeawardedorsentencedtoapunishmentmoresevere,ortreatedwhilstundergoingpunishmentmoreseverely,thanawomanmemberofthearmedforcesof

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    theDetainingPowerdealtwithforasimilaroffence.

    Innocasemayawomanprisonerofwarbeawardedorsentencedtoapunishmentmoresevere,ortreatedwhilstundergoingpunishmentmoreseverely,thanamalememberofthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPowerdealtwithforasimilaroffence.

    Prisonersofwarwhohaveserveddisciplinaryorjudicialsentencesmaynotbetreateddifferentlyfromotherprisonersofwar.

    II.DisciplinarySanctions

    Art89.Thedisciplinarypunishmentsapplicabletoprisonersofwararethefollowing:

    (1)Afinewhichshallnotexceed50percentoftheadvancesofpayandworkingpaywhichtheprisonerofwarwouldotherwisereceiveundertheprovisionsofArticles60and62duringaperiodofnotmorethanthirtydays.(2)DiscontinuanceofprivilegesgrantedoverandabovethetreatmentprovidedforbythepresentConvention.(3)Fatiguedutiesnotexceedingtwohoursdaily.(4)Confinement.

    Thepunishmentreferredtounder(3)shallnotbeappliedtoofficers.

    Innocaseshalldisciplinarypunishmentsbeinhuman,brutalordangeroustothehealthofprisonersofwar.

    Art90.Thedurationofanysinglepunishmentshallinnocaseexceedthirtydays.Anyperiodofconfinementawaitingthehearingofadisciplinaryoffenceortheawardofdisciplinarypunishmentshallbedeductedfromanawardpronouncedagainstaprisonerofwar.

    Themaximumofthirtydaysprovidedabovemaynotbeexceeded,eveniftheprisonerofwarisanswerableforseveralactsatthesametimewhenheisawardedpunishment,whethersuchactsarerelatedornot.

    Theperiodbetweenthepronouncingofanawardofdisciplinarypunishmentanditsexecutionshallnotexceedonemonth.

    Whenaprisonerofwarisawardedafurtherdisciplinarypunishment,aperiodofatleastthreedaysshallelapsebetweentheexecutionofanytwoofthepunishments,ifthedurationofoneoftheseistendaysormore.

    Art91.Theescapeofaprisonerofwarshallbedeemedtohavesucceededwhen:

    (1)hehasjoinedthearmedforcesofthePoweronwhichhedepends,orthoseofanalliedPower

    (2)hehaslefttheterritoryunderthecontroloftheDetainingPower,orofanallyofthesaidPower

    (3)hehasjoinedashipflyingtheflagofthePoweronwhichhedepends,orofanalliedPower,intheterritorialwatersoftheDetainingPower,thesaidshipnotbeingunderthecontrolofthelastnamedPower.

    PrisonersofwarwhohavemadegoodtheirescapeinthesenseofthisArticleandwhoarerecaptured,shallnotbeliabletoanypunishmentinrespectoftheirpreviousescape.

    Art92.AprisonerofwarwhoattemptstoescapeandisrecapturedbeforehavingmadegoodhisescapeinthesenseofArticle91shallbeliableonlytoadisciplinarypunishmentinrespectofthisact,evenifitisarepeatedoffence.

    Aprisonerofwarwhoisrecapturedshallbehandedoverwithoutdelaytothecompetentmilitaryauthority.

    Article88,fourthparagraph,notwithstanding,prisonersofwarpunishedasaresultofanunsuccessfulescapemaybesubjectedtospecialsurveillance.Suchsurveillancemustnotaffectthestateoftheirhealth,mustbeundergoneinaprisonerofwarcamp,andmustnotentailthesuppressionofanyofthesafeguardsgrantedthembythepresentConvention.

    Art93.Escapeorattempttoescape,evenifitisarepeatedoffence,shallnotbedeemedanaggravatingcircumstanceiftheprisonerofwarissubjectedtotrialbyjudicialproceedingsinrespectofanoffencecommittedduringhisescapeorattempttoescape.

    InconformitywiththeprinciplestatedinArticle83,offencescommittedbyprisonersofwarwiththesoleintentionoffacilitatingtheirescapeandwhichdonotentailanyviolenceagainstlifeorlimb,suchasoffencesagainstpublicproperty,theftwithoutintentionofselfenrichment,thedrawinguporuseoffalsepapers,orthewearingofcivilianclothing,shalloccasiondisciplinarypunishmentonly.

    Prisonersofwarwhoaidorabetanescapeoranattempttoescapeshallbeliableonthiscountto

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    disciplinarypunishmentonly.

    Art94.Ifanescapedprisonerofwarisrecaptured,thePoweronwhichhedependsshallbenotifiedthereofinthemannerdefinedinArticle122,providednotificationofhisescapehasbeenmade.

    Art95.AprisonerofwaraccusedofanoffenceagainstdisciplineshallnotbekeptinconfinementpendingthehearingunlessamemberofthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPowerwouldbesokeptifhewereaccusedofasimilaroffence,orifitisessentialintheinterestsofcamporderanddiscipline.

    Anyperiodspentbyaprisonerofwarinconfinementawaitingthedisposalofanoffenceagainstdisciplineshallbereducedtoanabsoluteminimumandshallnotexceedfourteendays.

    TheprovisionsofArticles97and98ofthisChaptershallapplytoprisonersofwarwhoareinconfinementawaitingthedisposalofoffencesagainstdiscipline.

    Art96.Actswhichconstituteoffencesagainstdisciplineshallbeinvestigatedimmediately.

    Withoutprejudicetothecompetenceofcourtsandsuperiormilitaryauthorities,disciplinarypunishmentmaybeorderedonlybyanofficerhavingdisciplinarypowersinhiscapacityascampcommander,orbyaresponsibleofficerwhoreplaceshimortowhomhehasdelegatedhisdisciplinarypowers.

    Innocasemaysuchpowersbedelegatedtoaprisonerofwarorbeexercisedbyaprisonerofwar.

    Beforeanydisciplinaryawardispronounced,theaccusedshallbegivenpreciseinformationregardingtheoffencesofwhichheisaccused,andgivenanopportunityofexplaininghisconductandofdefendinghimself.Heshallbepermitted,inparticular,tocallwitnessesandtohaverecourse,ifnecessary,totheservicesofaqualifiedinterpreter.Thedecisionshallbeannouncedtotheaccusedprisonerofwarandtotheprisoners'representative.

    ArecordofdisciplinarypunishmentsshallbemaintainedbythecampcommanderandshallbeopentoinspectionbyrepresentativesoftheProtectingPower.

    Art97.Prisonersofwarshallnotinanycasebetransferredtopenitentiaryestablishments(prisons,penitentiaries,convictprisons,etc.)toundergodisciplinarypunishmenttherein.

    AllpremisesinwhichdisciplinarypunishmentsareundergoneshallconformtothesanitaryrequirementssetforthinArticle25.Aprisonerofwarundergoingpunishmentshallbeenabledtokeephimselfinastateofcleanliness,inconformitywithArticle29.

    Officersandpersonsofequivalentstatusshallnotbelodgedinthesamequartersasnoncommissionedofficersormen.

    Womenprisonersofwarundergoingdisciplinarypunishmentshallbeconfinedinseparatequartersfrommaleprisonersofwarandshallbeundertheimmediatesupervisionofwomen.

    Art98.Aprisonerofwarundergoingconfinementasadisciplinarypunishment,shallcontinuetoenjoythebenefitsof.theprovisionsofthisConventionexceptinsofarasthesearenecessarilyrenderedinapplicablebythemerefactthatheisconfined.InnocasemayhebedeprivedofthebenefitsoftheprovisionsofArticles78and126.

    Aprisonerofwarawardeddisciplinarypunishmentmaynotbedeprivedoftheprerogativesattachedtohisrank.

    Prisonersofwarawardeddisciplinarypunishmentshallbeallowedtoexerciseandtostayintheopenairatleasttwohoursdaily.

    Theyshallbeallowed,ontheirrequest,tobepresentatthedailymedicalinspections.Theyshallreceivetheattentionwhichtheirstateofhealthrequiresand,ifnecessary,shallberemovedtothecampinfirmaryortoahospital.

    Theyshallhavepermissiontoreadandwrite,likewisetosendandreceiveletters.Parcelsandremittancesofmoneyhowever,maybewithheldfromthemuntilthecompletionofthepunishmenttheyshallmeanwhilebeentrustedtotheprisoners'representative,whowillhandovertotheinfirmarytheperishablegoodscontainedinsuchparcels.

    III.JuridicialProceedings

    Art99.NoprisonerofwarmaybetriedorsentencedforanactwhichisnotforbiddenbythelawoftheDetainingPowerorbyinternationallaw,inforceatthetimethesaidactwascommitted.

    Nomoralorphysicalcoercionmaybeexertedonaprisonerofwarinordertoinducehimtoadmithimselfguiltyoftheactofwhichheisaccused.

    Noprisonerofwarmaybeconvictedwithouthavinghadanopportunitytopresenthisdefenceand

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    theassistanceofaqualifiedadvocateorcounsel.

    Art100.PrisonersofwarandtheProtectingPowersshallbeinformedassoonaspossibleoftheoffenceswhicharepunishablebythedeathsentenceunderthelawsoftheDetainingPower.

    OtheroffencesshallnotthereafterbemadepunishablebythedeathpenaltywithouttheconcurrenceofthePoweronwhichtheprisonersofwardepend.

    Thedeathsentencecannotbepronouncedonaprisonerofwarunlesstheattentionofthecourthas,inaccordancewithArticle87,secondparagraph,beenparticularlycalledtothefactthatsincetheaccusedisnotanationaloftheDetainingPower,heisnotboundtoitbyanydutyofallegiance,andthatheisinitspowerastheresultofcircumstancesindependentofhisownwill.

    Art101.Ifthedeathpenaltyispronouncedonaprisonerofwar,thesentenceshallnotbeexecutedbeforetheexpirationofaperiodofatleastsixmonthsfromthedatewhentheProtectingPowerreceives,atanindicatedaddress,thedetailedcommunicationprovidedforinArticle107.

    Art102.AprisonerofwarcanbevalidlysentencedonlyifthesentencehasbeenpronouncedbythesamecourtsaccordingtothesameprocedureasinthecaseofmembersofthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPower,andif,furthermore,theprovisionsofthepresentChapterhavebeenobserved.

    Art103.Judicialinvestigationsrelatingtoaprisonerofwarshallbeconductedasrapidlyascircumstancespermitandsothathistrialshalltakeplaceassoonaspossible.AprisonerofwarshallnotbeconfinedwhileawaitingtrialunlessamemberofthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPowerwouldbesoconfinedifhewereaccusedofasimilaroffence,orifitisessentialtodosointheinterestsofnationalsecurity.Innocircumstancesshallthisconfinementexceedthreemonths.

    Anyperiodspentbyaprisonerofwarinconfinementawaitingtrialshallbedeductedfromanysentenceofimprisonmentpasseduponhimandtakenintoaccountinfixinganypenalty.

    TheprovisionsofArticles97and98ofthisChaptershallapplytoaprisonerofwarwhilstinconfinementawaitingtrial.

    Art104.InanycaseinwhichtheDetainingPowerhasdecidedtoinstitutejudicialproceedingsagainstaprisonerofwar,itshallnotifytheProtectingPowerassoonaspossibleandatleastthreeweeksbeforetheopeningofthetrial.ThisperiodofthreeweeksshallrunasfromthedayonwhichsuchnotificationreachestheProtectingPowerattheaddresspreviouslyindicatedbythelattertotheDetainingPower.

    Thesaidnotificationshallcontainthefollowinginformation:

    (1)Surnameandfirstnamesoftheprisonerofwar,hisrank,hisarmy,regimental,personalorserialnumber,hisdateofbirth,andhisprofessionortrade,ifany(2)Placeofinternmentorconfinement(3)Specificationofthechargeorchargesonwhichtheprisonerofwaristobearraigned,givingthelegalprovisionsapplicable(4)Designationofthecourtwhichwilltrythecase,likewisethedateandplacefixedfortheopeningofthetrial.ThesamecommunicationshallbemadebytheDetainingPowertotheprisoners'representative.

    Ifnoevidenceissubmitted,attheopeningofatrial,thatthenotificationreferredtoabovewasreceivedbytheProtectingPower,bytheprisonerofwarandbytheprisoners'representativeconcerned,atleastthreeweeksbeforetheopeningofthetrial,thenthelattercannottakeplaceandmustbeadjourned.

    Art105.Theprisonerofwarshallbeentitledtoassistancebyoneofhisprisonercomrades,todefencebyaqualifiedadvocateorcounselofhisownchoice,tothecallingofwitnessesand,ifhedeemsnecessary,totheservicesofacompetentinterpreter.HeshallbeadvisedoftheserightsbytheDetainingPowerinduetimebeforethetrial.

    Failingachoicebytheprisonerofwar,theProtectingPowershallfindhimanadvocateorcounsel,andshallhaveatleastoneweekatitsdisposalforthepurpose.TheDetainingPowershalldelivertothesaidPower,onrequest,alistofpersonsqualifiedtopresentthedefence.FailingachoiceofanadvocateorcounselbytheprisonerofwarortheProtectingPower,theDetainingPowershallappointacompetentadvocateorcounseltoconductthedefence.

    Theadvocateorcounselconductingthedefenceonbehalfoftheprisonerofwarshallhaveathisdisposalaperiodoftwoweeksatleastbeforetheopeningofthetrial,aswellasthenecessaryfacilitiestopreparethedefenceoftheaccused.Hemay,inparticular,freelyvisittheaccusedandinterviewhiminprivate.Hemayalsoconferwithanywitnessesforthedefence,includingprisonersofwar.Heshallhavethebenefitofthesefacilitiesuntilthetermofappealorpetitionhasexpired.

    Particularsofthechargeorchargesonwhichtheprisonerofwaristobearraigned,aswellasthedocumentswhicharegenerallycommunicatedtotheaccusedbyvirtueofthelawsinforceinthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPower,shallbecommunicatedtotheaccusedprisonerofwarinalanguagewhichheunderstands,andingoodtimebeforetheopeningofthetrial.Thesame

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    communicationinthesamecircumstancesshallbemadetotheadvocateorcounselconductingthedefenceonbehalfoftheprisonerofwar.

    TherepresentativesoftheProtectingPowershallbeentitledtoattendthetrialofthecase,unless,exceptionally,thisisheldincameraintheinterestofStatesecurity.InsuchacasetheDetainingPowershalladvisetheProtectingPoweraccordingly.

    Art106.Everyprisonerofwarshallhave,inthesamemannerasthemembersofthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPower,therightofappealorpetitionfromanysentencepronounceduponhim,withaviewtothequashingorrevisingofthesentenceorthereopeningofthetrial.Heshallbefullyinformedofhisrighttoappealorpetitionandofthetimelimitwithinwhichhemaydoso.

    Art107.AnyjudgmentandsentencepronounceduponaprisonerofwarshallbeimmediatelyreportedtotheProtectingPowerintheformofasummarycommunication,whichshallalsoindicatewhetherhehastherightofappealwithaviewtothequashingofthesentenceorthereopeningofthetrial.Thiscommunicationshalllikewisebesenttotheprisoners'representativeconcerned.Itshallalsobesenttotheaccusedprisonerofwarinalanguageheunderstands,ifthesentencewasnotpronouncedinhispresence.TheDetainingPowershallalsoimmediatelycommunicatetotheProtectingPowerthedecisionoftheprisonerofwartouseortowaivehisrightofappeal.

    Furthermore,ifaprisonerofwarisfinallyconvictedorifasentencepronouncedonaprisonerofwarinthefirstinstanceisadeathsentence,theDetainingPowershallassoonaspossibleaddresstotheProtectingPoweradetailedcommunicationcontaining:

    (1)theprecisewordingofthefindingandsentence(2)asummarizedreportofanypreliminaryinvestigationandofthetrial,emphasizinginparticulartheelementsoftheprosecutionandthedefence(3)notification,whereapplicable,oftheestablishmentwherethesentencewillbeserved.

    ThecommunicationsprovidedforintheforegoingsubparagraphsshallbesenttotheProtectingPowerattheaddresspreviouslymadeknowntotheDetainingPower.

    Art108.Sentencespronouncedonprisonersofwarafteraconvictionhasbecomedulyenforceable,shallbeservedinthesameestablishmentsandunderthesameconditionsasinthecaseofmembersofthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPower.Theseconditionsshallinallcasesconformtotherequirementsofhealthandhumanity.

    Awomanprisonerofwaronwhomsuchasentencehasbeenpronouncedshallbeconfinedinseparatequartersandshallbeunderthesupervisionofwomen.

    Inanycase,prisonersofwarsentencedtoapenaltydeprivingthemoftheirlibertyshallretainthebenefitoftheprovisionsofArticles78and126ofthepresentConvention.Furthermore,theyshallbeentitledtoreceiveanddespatchcorrespondence,toreceiveatleastonereliefparcelmonthly,totakeregularexerciseintheopenair,tohavethemedicalcarerequiredbytheirstateofhealth,andthespiritualassistancetheymaydesire.PenaltiestowhichtheymaybesubjectedshallbeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle87,thirdparagraph.

    PartIV.TerminationofCaptivity

    SectionI.DirectRepatriationandAccommodationinNeutralCountries

    Art109.SubjecttotheprovisionsofthethirdparagraphofthisArticle,Partiestotheconflictareboundtosendbacktotheirowncountry,regardlessofnumberorrank,seriouslywoundedandseriouslysickprisonersofwar,afterhavingcaredforthemuntiltheyarefittotravel,inaccordancewiththefirstparagraphofthefollowingArticle.

    Throughoutthedurationofhostilities,Partiestotheconflictshallendeavour,withthecooperationoftheneutralPowersconcerned,tomakearrangementsfortheaccommodationinneutralcountriesofthesickandwoundedprisonersofwarreferredtointhesecondparagraphofthefollowingArticle.Theymay,inaddition,concludeagreementswithaviewtothedirectrepatriationorinternmentinaneutralcountryofablebodiedprisonersofwarwhohaveundergonealongperiodofcaptivity.

    NosickorinjuredprisonerofwarwhoiseligibleforrepatriationunderthefirstparagraphofthisArticle,mayberepatriatedagainsthiswillduringhostilities.

    Art110.Thefollowingshallberepatriateddirect:

    (1)Incurablywoundedandsickwhosementalorphysicalfitnessseemstohavebeengravelydiminished.(2)Woundedandsickwho,accordingtomedicalopinion,arenotlikelytorecoverwithinoneyear,whoseconditionrequirestreatmentandwhosementalorphysicalfitnessseemstohavebeengravelydiminished.(3)Woundedandsickwhohaverecovered,butwhosementalorphysicalfitnessseemstohavebeengravelyandpermanentlydiminished.

    Thefollowingmaybeaccommodatedinaneutralcountry:

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    (1)Woundedandsickwhoserecoverymaybeexpectedwithinoneyearofthedateofthewoundorthebeginningoftheillness,iftreatmentinaneutralcountrymightincreasetheprospectsofamorecertainandspeedyrecovery.(2)Prisonersofwarwhosementalorphysicalhealth,accordingtomedicalopinion,isseriouslythreatenedbycontinuedcaptivity,butwhoseaccommodationinaneutralcountrymightremovesuchathreat.

    Theconditionswhichprisonersofwaraccommodatedinaneutralcountrymustfulfilinordertopermittheirrepatriationshallbefixed,asshalllikewisetheirstatus,byagreementbetweenthePowersconcerned.Ingeneral,prisonersofwarwhohavebeenaccommodatedinaneutralcountry,andwhobelongtothefollowingcategories,shouldberepatriated:

    (1)Thosewhosestateofhealthhasdeterioratedsoastofulfiltheconditionlaiddownfordirectrepatriation

    (2)Thosewhosementalorphysicalpowersremain,evenaftertreatment,considerablyimpaired.

    IfnospecialagreementsareconcludedbetweenthePartiestotheconflictconcerned,todeterminethecasesofdisablementorsicknessentailingdirectrepatriationoraccommodationinaneutralcountry,suchcasesshallbesettledinaccordancewiththeprincipleslaiddownintheModelAgreementconcerningdirectrepatriationandaccommodationinneutralcountriesofwoundedandsickprisonersofwarandintheRegulationsconcerningMixedMedicalCommissionsannexedtothepresentConvention.

    Art111.TheDetainingPower,thePoweronwhichtheprisonersofwardepend,andaneutralPoweragreeduponbythesetwoPowers,shallendeavourtoconcludeagreementswhichwillenableprisonersofwartobeinternedintheterritoryofthesaidneutralPoweruntilthecloseofhostilities.

    Art112.Upontheoutbreakofhostilities,MixedMedicalCommissionsshallbeappointedtoexaminesickandwoundedprisonersofwar,andtomakeallappropriatedecisionsregardingthem.Theappointment,dutiesandfunctioningoftheseCommissionsshallbeinconformitywiththeprovisionsoftheRegulationsannexedtothepresentConvention.

    However,prisonersofwarwho,intheopinionofthemedicalauthoritiesoftheDetainingPower,aremanifestlyseriouslyinjuredorseriouslysick,mayberepatriatedwithouthavingtobeexaminedbyaMixedMedicalCommission.

    Art113.BesidesthosewhoaredesignatedbythemedicalauthoritiesoftheDetainingPower,woundedorsickprisonersofwarbelongingtothecategorieslistedbelowshallbeentitledtopresentthemselvesforexaminationbytheMixedMedicalCommissionsprovidedforintheforegoingArticle:

    (1)Woundedandsickproposedbyaphysicianorsurgeonwhoisofthesamenationality,oranationalofaPartytotheconflictalliedwiththePoweronwhichthesaidprisonersdepend,andwhoexerciseshisfunctionsinthecamp.

    (


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