Rajasthan's first major Coal fired Power plant established in the year 1983.

Total installed capacity of KSTPS is 1240 MW.

Located on the left bank of the Chambal River near Kota.

GENERATION CAPACITY

STAGES UNITS CAPACITY

STAGE :- 1 UNIT NO. 1 110MW

UNIT NO. 2 110MW

STAGE :- 2 UNIT NO.3 210MW

UNIT NO. 4 210MW

STAGE :- 3 UNIT NO. 5 210MW

STAGE :- 4 UNIT NO. 6 195MW

STAGE :- 5 UNIT NO. 7 195MW

A Thermal power plant uses heat energy generated from burning coal to produce electrical energy.

The power plant uses the Rankine cycle. This is the cycle of the steam produced in the boiler, then taken to theSteam turbine (prime mover). From the turbine the steam is cooled back to water in the Condenser, the resultingwater is fed back into the boiler to repeat the cycle.

The most advanced Thermal Power Plants attains about 35% thermodynamic efficiency for the entire process,which means 65% of the coal energy is waste heat released into the surrounding environment.

What is a Thermal Power Plant

Schematic of Thermal Power Plant

1. Cooling tower 10. Steam Control valve 19. Superheater

2. Cooling water pump 11. High pressure steam

turbine 20. Forced draught (draft) fan

3. transmission line (3-phase) 12. Deaerator 21. Reheater

4. Step-up transformer (3-

phase) 13. Feedwater heater 22. Combustion air intake

5. Electrical generator (3-phase) 14. Coal conveyor 23. Economiser

6. Low pressure steam turbine 15. Coal hopper 24. Air preheater

7. Condensate pump 16. Coal pulverizer 25. Precipitator

8. Surface condenser 17. Boiler steam drum 26. Induced draught (draft) fan

9. Intermediate pressure steam

turbine 18. Bottom ash hopper 27. Flue gas stack

Process Flow Scheme of Thermal Power Plant

Coal Storage Wagon Tripler pulveriser

Pulverised Coal

Hot Air

Coal Mines

Atmosphere Air pre heater

Mixer

F.D. FAN

AIR+ COAL FURNACE

HOT AIR

STEAM

PULVERISED COAL

ATMOSPHERIC AIR

HOT

STEAM SUPERHEATER

GASES

ASH

HOT AIR + COAL

STEAM

H.P.T.GENERATOR

REHEATER

ECONOMISER

L.P.T. I.P.T.

Condenser

Hot water

Cool water

DEARATOR

I.D. FANChimney

PRECIPITATOR

HOT AIR

STEAM

PULVERISED COAL

ASH

200 bar520° C

FWH

STEAM BOILER

FURNACE

CO2 + SO2 + NO2

Different Material Cycles of a Thermal Power Plant

Coal movement

Cycle

Water & Steam

movement Cycle

Air & Exhaust

movement Cycle

Coal Movement Cycle

Ball mill

Coal storage Dryers Wagon Tripler

unloadMagnetic Separators

Coal mill

Boiler Furnace

STEAM SUPERHEATER

STEAM

H.P.T.GENERATOR

REHEATER

ECONOMISER

L.P.T. I.P.T.

Condenser

Hot water to cooling tower

Cool waterFrom cooling tower

DEARATOR

STEAM

FWH

STEAM BOILER

FURNACE

Water & Steam Cycle

• Boiler is an enclosed vessel in which water is heated andcirculated until the water is turned in to steam at the requiredpressure.

• Coal is burned inside the combustion chamber of boiler. Theproducts of combustion are nothing but gases. These gaseswhich are at high temperature vaporize the water inside theboiler to steam.

• Some times this steam is further heated in a super-heater ashigher the steam pressure and temperature for the greaterefficiency.

• This steam at high pressure and temperature is used directly asa the working fluid in a prime mover to convert thermalenergy to mechanical work and mechanical energy transmittedto alternator and electrical energy generated

• Although other fluids are sometimes used for these purposes,water is by far the most common because of its economy andsuitable thermodynamic characteristics.

Boiler

Types of Boiler

Fire Tube Boiler• Hot gases are passed through the tubes and water surrounds these tubes.• These are simple, compact and rugged in construction.• Since the water volume is more, circulation will be poor, so they can't meet

quickly the changes in steam demand.• The steam attained is generally wet, economical for low pressures. The output

of the boiler is also limited.

Water Tube Boiler• In these boilers water is inside the tubes and hot gases are outside.• Feed water enters the boiler and circulates through the tubes connected

external to drums. Hot gases which surrounds these tubes convert the water intubes in to steam.

• As the movement of water in the water tubes is high, so rate of heat transferalso becomes high resulting in greater efficiency.

• They produce high pressure , can respond quickly to changes in steamdemand.

Boiler

Superheater

• Super heater is a component of a steam-generating unit in whichsteam is heated above its saturation temperature.

• The super heater may consist of one or more stages of tube banksarranged to effectively transfer heat from the products of combustion.Super heaters are classified as convection , radiant or combination ofthese.

Re-heater

• Some of the heat of superheated steam is used to rotate the HPTurbine where it loses some of its energy.

• Re-heater is used to add further heat to steam before it enters IPTurbine.

Super Heater & Re-Heater

• A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy frompressurized steam and converts it to mechanical form on a rotatingoutput shaft.

• Steam turbine is used to drive an electric generator

• The turbine has three interconnected stages namely HP Turbine, IPTurbine and LP Turbine.

• The steam enters from boiler to HP turbine high pressure andtemperature after super heating. The output low pressure steam isre-heated and enters in to IP Turbine and the final low pressure &low pressure steam enters in to LP turbine which is coupled toGenerator.

• As steam moves through the system and loses pressure and thermalenergy it expands in volume, requiring increasing diameter andlonger blades at each succeeding stage to extract the remainingenergy.

Steam Turbine

Condenser

• The surface condenser is a shell and tube heat exchanger inwhich cooling water is circulated through the tubes. Theexhaust steam from the low pressure turbine enters the shellwhere it is cooled and converted to condensate (water) byflowing over the tubes.

• The large decrease in volume that occurs when water vaporcondenses to liquid creates the low vacuum that helps inpulling steam through and increase the efficiency of theturbines.

• Function of economiser is to recover some of the heat fromthe heat carried away in the flue gases up the chimney andutilize for heating the feed water to the boiler.

• It is placed in the passage of flue gases in between the exitfrom the boiler and the entry to the chimney. The use ofeconomiser results in saving in coal consumption , increasein steaming rate and high boiler efficiency hence used in allmodern power plants.

• In this a large number of small diameter thin walled tubesare placed between two headers. Feed water enters thetube through one header and leaves through the other. Theflue gases flow out side the tubes usually in counter flow.

Economiser

pulverser

Pulverised Coal

Hot Air

Atmosphere Air pre heater

Mixer

F.D. FAN

AIR+ COAL

HOT

SUPERHEATER

GASES

REHEATER

ECONOMISER

FURNACE

ChimneyPRECIPITATOR

Atmosphere

CO2 + SO2 + NO2

Air Flow & Exhaust Cycle

I.D. FAN

Air Preheater

• The remaining heat of flue gases coming out fromEconomiser is utilized by Air Preheater.

• It is a device used in steam boilers to transfer heat fromthe flue gases to the combustion air before the air entersthe furnace.

• The purpose of the air preheater is to recover the heatfrom the flue gas from the boiler to improve boilerefficiency by burning warm air which increasescombustion efficiency, and reducing useful heat lost fromthe flue.

• As a consequence, the gases are also sent to the chimneyor stack at a lower temperature, allowing simplifieddesign of the ducting and stack.

• Fly ash is captured and removed from the flue gas byelectrostatic precipitators located at the outlet of thefurnace and before the induced draft fan.

• The flue gases pass through an electric discharge (coronadischarge) area where ionization of the gas occurs. Theions produced collide with the suspended particles andgain an electric charge.

• The charged particles drift toward an electrode ofopposite sign and are deposited on the electrode wheretheir electric charge is neutralized.

Electro-Static Precipitator

Energy Cycle of a Typical 1000 MW Power Plant

Thanks

And thus, our houses are illuminated …..