kotak energy - lot of data on shale gas etc

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Kotak Institutional Equities Research [email protected] Mumbai: +91-22-4336-0000

US shale players managing cash-flows through derivatives and reduction in capital expenditure

The cumulative profits of 20 pure-play US shale companies, contributing to about 1.6 mn b/d of

crude (and NGL) production, have declined rather modestly to break-even levels in 3QCY15

from US$2 bn in 3QCY14 despite over US$6 bn reduction in revenues (-36% yoy) and an even

sharper reduction in WTI crude price (-52% yoy). The companies have managed their cash-flows

prudently through (1) higher-than-spot realizations due to derivative gains, (2) sharp reduction

in drilling activities and in turn, capital expenditure and (3) gradual decline in operating costs.

We see significant risks to profitability as well as production of US shale companies over the

next few quarters, as (1) high-price derivatives contracts fade away gradually failing to mitigate

the recent sharp decline in crude prices and (2) reduced drilling activity and consequently new

well additions fail to offset the rising decline-rate in legacy shale production.

Canadian crude oil trading below cash operating cost of production from oil sands

The cumulative profits of four Canadian oil sands companies, contributing to about 1.5 mn b/d

of crude production, have also declined modestly to break-even levels in 3QCY15 from US$2.5 bn

in 3QCY14 despite nearly US$8 bn reduction in revenues (-30% yoy) and an even sharper

reduction in Western Canada Select crude price (-60% yoy). These companies have presumably

benefited from a significant reduction in operating costs and government levies, as both are

directly linked to crude prices. However, the recent sharp decline in Western Canada Select

crude to US$22-24/bbl below the cash operating cost of production of US$27/bbl for oil sands

(Suncor’s cost in 3QCY15), indeed puts to risk production from oil sands in the medium term.

Producers’ short positions inadequate to cover marginal crude production for long

Our preliminary analysis of open interest for ICE Brent futures and Nymex WTI futures suggests

that oil producers have hedged 1.4 bn bbls of crude through short positions in futures—a portion

maybe linked to higher crude prices (~US$50-60/bbl) prevailing until October 2015. This is

equivalent to 4 mn b/d of production for a year (or 2 mn b/d for two years), seemingly lower

than cumulative marginal production comprising US shale oil (~5 mn b/d), Canadian oil sands

(~2 mn b/d) and conventional deep-water fields. We note that open interest could be pertaining

to future years as well; however, we do not have data on short positions for monthly contracts,

which would have been a better indicator of hedged crude volumes over the next 12 months.

Supply-demand forecasts suggest rebalancing of crude oil markets in 2HCY16

We expect a slower build-up of global oil inventory through CY2016 which will start dwindling

towards the latter part of the year and help rebalance global crude market, even as OPEC increases

supply led by easing sanctions on Iran. IEA’s forecasts of 1.2 mn b/d growth in global oil

demand and 0.6 mn b/d of reduction in non-OPEC supply in CY2016 will wipe out the current

surplus of ~2 mn b/d over the next 9-12 months and help in the recovery of crude prices to a

normalized level of US$50-60/bbl. Non-OPEC crude production may potentially be lower than

IEA’s current estimate if crude prices sustain at current low levels over the next few months,

which may lead to an earlier start of inventory drawdown and in turn, rebound in crude prices.

Energy India

Shale, sands and shorts. Our analysis of 20 pure-play US shale companies and four

Canadian oil sands companies, contributing to over 3 mn b/d of global oil production,

suggests that cumulative profitability has declined to break-even levels in recent

quarters despite significant derivative gains. The companies have managed their cash-

flows prudently though led by reduction in capital expenditure and operating costs.

Recent decline in crude price, gradual expiry of high-price derivative contracts and

curtailment in capital expenditure may put to risk the marginal production, which will

help rebalance crude markets in the latter part of 2016 and aid recovery in prices.

ATTRACTIVE

DECEMBER 29, 2015

UPDATE

BSE-30: 26,034

Tarun Lakhotia [email protected]

Mumbai: +91-22-4336-0875

Simran Kaur [email protected]

Mumbai: +91-22-4336-0876

India Energy

2 KOTAK INSTITUTIONAL EQUITIES RESEARCH

Exhibit 1: Shale players’ revenues declined by 36% yoy despite 52% decline in crude prices Aggregate revenues of 20 pure-play shale companies, 1QCY11-3QCY15

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(US$/bbl)(US$ bn) Revenues [LHS] WTI crude [RHS]

Source: Bloomberg, Kotak Institutional Equities

Exhibit 2: Shale players’ EBITDA declined by US$3 bn yoy despite US$6 bn reduction in revenues Aggregate EBITDA of 20 pure-play shale companies, 1QCY11-3QCY15

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(US$/bbl)(US$ bn)EBITDA [LHS] WTI crude [RHS]


Energy India

KOTAK INSTITUTIONAL EQUITIES RESEARCH 3

Exhibit 3: Shale players’ net income declined modestly to break-even levels Aggregate net income of 20 pure-play shale companies, 1QCY11-3QCY15

1,319

1,840

2,258

1,597

909

1,468

689

1,099

1,429 1,646

1,707

1,279

2,241 2,235

1,777

876

(152)

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(140) -

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(500)

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(US$/bbl)(US$ mn) Net income [LHS] WTI crude [RHS]


Exhibit 4: Cash outflow of shale players have declined due to sharp reduction in capital expenditure Aggregate FCF of 20 pure-play shale companies, 1QCY11-3QCY15

(5)

(4)

(5)(5)

(8)

(6)

(8)

(5)

(4)(4)

(3)

(4)

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(3)

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(US$/bbl)(US$ bn) FCF [LHS] WTI crude [RHS]


Exhibit 5: Unhedged EBITDA of shale companies was substantially lower versus reported EBITDA Calculation of unhedged EBITDA for a few shale companies, 3QCY15 (US$ mn)

Chesapeake

Energy Corp.

Concho

Resources

Energen

Corp.

Pioneer Natural

Resources Co.

Volumes (mn boe/d) 0.67 0.15 0.06 0.21

Unhedged revenues 653 463 188 557

Gains on derivatives 227 413 107 573

Reported revenues 880 877 296 1,130

Unhedged realization (US$/boe) 10.7 33.7 31.9 28.7

Hedged realization (US$/boe) 14.4 63.8 50.1 58.3

Reported EBITDA 424 654 201 690

Unhedged EBITDA 197 241 94 117

Source: Companies, Kotak Institutional Equities

India Energy


Exhibit 6: Significant reduction in rigs deployment in US shale regions over the past 12 months Monthly rig count in the US shale regions versus crude price (units, US$/bbl)

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-15

US shale rig count [LHS] Dated Brent (US$/bbl) [RHS]

Source: EIA, Kotak Institutional Equities

Exhibit 7: Higher US crude production led by shale oil can reverse given the nature of shale wells Weekly field production of crude oil in the US, January 2012 onwards (mn b/d)

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US crude oil production(mn b/d)


Energy India


Exhibit 8: Incremental production from new wells is failing to offset legacy production decline Monthly production from shale wells in the US, January 2010 onwards (kb/d)

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Legacy production decline Production from new wells(kb/d)


Exhibit 9: Marginal cost of production for Canadian oil sands has declined Cost of crude oil production from Suncor oil sands, calendar year-ends, 2003-15YTD (US$/bbl)

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Direct cost of production Other cost of production Royalty payment(US$/bbl)

Source: Company, Kotak Institutional Equities

India Energy


Exhibit 10: Canadian crude trades at significant discount to WTI and Dated Brent WTI, Western Canada Select and Dated Brent, September 2014 onwards (US$/bbl)

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WTI Western Canada crude Dated Brent(US$/bbl)


Exhibit 11: Oil producers’ short positions cover 1.4 bn bbls of crude production Producers’ short positions for ICE Brent and Nymex WTI

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Jan-15 Feb-15 Apr-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Sep-15 Oct-15 Dec-15

(bn bbls) ICE Brent [LHS] Nymex WTI LHS] Dated Brent [RHS]


Energy India


Exhibit 12: We expect crude supply-demand to rebalance by end-CY2016 Estimated global crude demand, supply and prices, Calendar year-ends, 2008-17E

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015E 2016E 2017E

Demand (mn b/d)

Total demand 86.5 85.6 88.7 89.5 90.7 91.9 92.8 94.6 95.8 97.0

Yoy growth (0.6) (0.9) 3.1 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.8 1.2 1.2

Supply (mn b/d)

Non-OPEC 50.6 51.4 52.7 52.9 53.3 54.6 57.0 58.3 57.7 56.9

Yoy growth (0.1) 0.8 1.3 0.2 0.4 1.3 2.4 1.3 (0.6) (0.9)

OPEC

Crude 31.6 29.1 29.2 29.9 31.3 30.5 30.3 31.5 32.2 32.6

NGLs 4.5 5.1 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.8 6.8

Total OPEC 36.1 34.2 34.7 35.8 37.5 36.6 36.6 38.0 39.0 39.4

Total supply 86.7 85.6 87.4 88.7 90.8 91.2 93.7 96.4 96.7 96.3

Total stock change 0.2 0.0 (1.3) (0.9) 0.1 (0.7) 0.9 1.8 0.9 (0.7)

OPEC crude capacity 34.2 34.9 35.7 34.2 35.0 35.0 35.0 34.7 35.1 35.4

Implied spare capacity 2.7 5.7 5.3 3.4 3.8 3.9 5.7 5.0 3.8 2.1

Demand growth (yoy, %) (0.7) (1.0) 3.6 0.9 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.9 1.3 1.3

Supply growth (yoy, %)

Non-OPEC (0.3) 1.6 2.5 0.4 0.8 2.4 4.5 2.3 (1.0) (1.5)

OPEC 3.4 (5.3) 1.4 3.2 4.8 (2.3) 0.0 3.8 2.5 1.2

Total 1.2 (1.3) 2.1 1.5 2.4 0.5 2.7 2.9 0.3 (0.4)

Dated Brent (US$/bbl) 102 62 80 111 112 109 99 53 53 62

World GDP growth (%) 2.8 (0.6) 5.4 4.2 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.8

Source: IEA, Kotak Institutional Equities estimates

Disclosures


"I, Tarun Lakhotia, hereby certify that all of the views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the

subject company or companies and its or their securities. I also certify that no part of my compensation was, is or will be,

directly or indirectly, related to the specific recommendations or views expressed in this report."

Ratings and other definitions/identifiers

Definitions of rating

BUY. We expect this stock to deliver more than 15% returns over the next 12 months.

ADD. We expect this stock to deliver 5-15% returns over the next 12 months.

REDUCE. We expect this stock to deliver -5-+5% returns over the next 12 months.

SELL. We expect this stock to deliver <-5% returns over the next 12 months.

Our target prices are also on a 12-month horizon basis.

Other definitions

Coverage view. The coverage view represents each analyst’s overall fundamental outlook on the Sector. The coverage view will consist of one of the following

designations: Attractive, Neutral, Cautious.

Other ratings/identifiers

NR = Not Rated. The investment rating and target price, if any, have been suspended temporarily. Such suspension is in compliance with applicable regulation(s)

and/or Kotak Securities policies in circumstances when Kotak Securities or its affiliates is acting in an advisory capacity in a merger or strategic transaction

involving this company and in certain other circumstances.

CS = Coverage Suspended. Kotak Securities has suspended coverage of this company.

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RS = Rating Suspended. Kotak Securities Research has suspended the investment rating and price target, if any, for this stock, because there is not a sufficient

fundamental basis for determining an investment rating or target. The previous investment rating and price target, if any, are no longer in effect for this stock

and should not be relied upon.

NA = Not Available or Not Applicable. The information is not available for display or is not applicable.

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Kotak Institutional Equities Research coverage universe

Distribution of ratings/investment banking relationships

Source: Kotak Institutional Equities As of September 30, 2015

Percentage of companies covered by Kotak Institutional

Equities, within the specified category.

* The above categories are defined as follows: Buy = We

expect this stock to deliver more than 15% returns over

the next 12 months; Add = We expect this stock to

deliver 5-15% returns over the next 12 months; Reduce

= We expect this stock to deliver -5-+5% returns over

the next 12 months; Sell = We expect this stock to deliver

less than -5% returns over the next 12 months. Our

target prices are also on a 12-month horizon basis.

These ratings are used illustratively to comply with

applicable regulations. As of 30/09/2015 Kotak

Institutional Equities Investment Research had

investment ratings on 170 equity securities.

Percentage of companies within each category for

which Kotak Institutional Equities and or its affiliates has

provided investment banking services within the

previous 12 months.

30.6%

35.9%

17.6%15.9%

4.7%

0.6% 1.2% 0.0%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

BUY ADD REDUCE SELL

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Research Analyst or his/her relative’s may have financial interest in the subject company. Kotak Securities Limited or its associates have financial interest in the subject company. Research Analyst or his/her relatives does not have actual/beneficial ownership of 1% or more securities of the subject company at the end of the month immediately preceding the date of publication of Research Report: Kotak Securities Limited does not have actual/beneficial ownership of 1% or more securities of the subject company at the end of the month immediately preceding the date of publication of Research Report. Associates of Kotak Securities Limited may have actual/beneficial ownership of 1% or more securities of the subject company at the end of the month immediately preceding the date of publication of Research Report. Subject Company has been client during twelve months preceding the date of distribution of the research report.

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Kotak Securities Limited. Registered Office: 27 BKC, C 27, G Block, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra (E), Mumbai 400051. CIN: U99999MH1994PLC134051, Telephone No.: +22 43360000, Fax No.: +22 67132430. Website: www.kotak.com. SEBI Registration No: NSE INB/INF/INE 230808130, BSE INB 010808153/INF 011133230, MSEI INE 260808130/INB 260808135/INF 260808135, Research Analyst INH000000586, AMFI ARN 0164 and PMS INP000000258. NSDL: IN-DP-NSDL-23-97. CDSL: IN-DP-CDSL-158-2001. Compliance Officer Details: Mr. Manoj Agarwal. Call: 022-4285 6825 or Email: [email protected]

kotak energy - lot of data on shale gas etc

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