kpip 2010-ch01
DESCRIPTION
KPIP 2010-CH01TRANSCRIPT
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Science: A Way of KnowingChapter 1Great Idea:Science is a way of asking and answering questions about the physical universe
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Chapter OutlineThe Role of ScienceThe Scientific MethodOther Ways of KnowingThe Organization of Science
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The Role of Science
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The Role of ScienceMaking ChoicesAsk questions, make observations, form conclusionsApplied in a more formal, quantitative way equals science
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Why Study Science?Most powerful tool for understanding Incorporates basic ideas and theories Provides framework for new questionsProvides unparalleled view of order and symmetry of the universe and its workings
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The Scientific Method
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ObservationHistoryGreek PhilosophersMiddle AgesObservation-no manipulationExperiment-manipulation
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Identifying Patterns and RegularitiesMeasurement-better descriptionData-table or graphPatterns emergeDescribe:In wordsIn equation formIn symbols
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Mathematics: The Language of ScienceDescriptionGeneralMathematicalMathematicsEquationDescription
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Facts, Hypotheses, Laws, TheoriesFactConfirmed observationHypothesisEducated guessLawDescription of natureTheoryWell-substantiated description
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Prediction and TestingPredictionsHypothesis, Theory, LawMust be quantitatively testableTestingDo not prove or disproveDefine range of validityEvery law and theory of nature is subject to change, based on new observations
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The Scientific Method in OperationCycleNot rigidBelieve resultsNo preconceptionsNo true starting placeResults must be reproducibleCycle is continuous
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Other Ways of Knowing
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Different Kinds of QuestionsCannot always use scientific methodArtUse to address age of paintingNot for beauty etc.ReligionNo conflict between science & religionFaith vs. experiment
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PseudosciencePseudoscienceBelief, dogmaIdeas not testableEvaluation of a claimAre the facts true as stated?Is there an alternative explanation?Is the claim falsifiable?Have claims been tested?Do claims require unreasonable changes in accepted ideas?
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The Organization of Science
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Divisions of ScienceDisciplinesHistoricalModernApproachField researcherExperimentalistsTheorists
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The Branches of SciencePhysicsFundamental aspects of natureChemistryAtoms in combinationBiologyLiving systemsAstronomyObjects in spaceGeologyEarth
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The Web of KnowledgeCenterLaws of natureApply to all areasAreas InterconnectedAll branches integrated
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Basic Research, Applied Research,and TechnologyBasic ResearchExpand knowledgeApplied ResearchDirect applicationTechnologyConservationMedicine
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Funding for ScienceUS Government$130 billionNSF, NIH, DOE, DOD, EPA, NASA, NOAAApply for fundsGrant proposalRanked by independent scientistsHighly competitive
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Communication Among ScientistsCollaborationScientific MeetingsPeer reviewed JournalsCornerstone of science