Krisitne Rose C.Orpilla BSPharmacy3Drug Delivery System

Dosage form

Dosage forms (also called unit doses) are essentially pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, typically involving a mixture of active drug components and nondrug components (excipients), along with other non-reusable material that may not be considered either ingredient or packaging (such as a capsule shell, for example). The term dosage form can also sometimes refer onlyto the pharmaceutical formulation of a drug product's constituent drug substance(s) and any blends involved, without considering matters beyond that (like how it is ultimately configured as a consumable product such as a capsule, patch, etc.). Because of the somewhat vague boundaries and unclear overlap of these terms and certain variants and qualifiers thereof within the pharmaceutical industry, caution is often advisable when conversing with someone who may be unfamiliar with another person's use of the term.

Classification of Pharmaceutical Dosage forms according to Physical natureI. LiquidsA.Soution1.Douches - aqueous solution directed against a part or into a cavity of the body.

2.Enemas (evacuation enemas) – they are rectal injections employed to evacuate the bowel

Fleet Enema-133ml Micralax-5ml

3.Gargles – aqueous solution used for treating the pharynx or the nasopharynx by forcing the air from the lungs

0.1% hexeidine Betadine(15ml)

4.Mouthwashes – aqueous solution which are most often used for their deodorant, refreshing or antiseptic effect.

Listerine Zero-10L Colgate Flax-500ml

5.Juices – prepared from fresh ripe fruits, aqueous in character & used in making syrups which are employed as vehicles.

Pedialyte(50ml)

6.Nasal solutions – usually aqueous solution which are designed to be administered to the nasal passages in drops or spray form.

60mg/ml

7.Otic solutions – aqueaous soluuutions dispensed in a container which permits the administration of drops to the ear,

3mg/ml(0.3%)

8.Syrups – concentrated solutions of sugars such as sucrose in water or other aqueous liquid. They are used either as flavored syrup or medicated syrup.

Carbocisteine ( solmux) 20 mg/5 ml

15mg/100mg per 5ml syrup

9.Liniments( embrocation)- ), from the Latin linere, to anoint, is a medicated topical preparation for application to the skin.

B.EmulsionsEmulsions- are two phase system prepared by combining two immiscible liquids, one of which is uniformly dispersed through the other.

Clobetsol propionate cream USP 0.005%

C.Suspensions Gels - are semi solid systes of either suspension made up of small inorganic particles or large organic molecules.

Control styling gel-125g Hygienics-100ml

Lotion- liquid suspension or dispersions intended for external application to the body.

Johnson’s baby powder-50ml Nivea-400ml

Magmas and milk – are aqueous suspensions of insoluble organic drugs.

Solaray-175mg Milk chocolate-16mg

Mixtures – aqueous liquid preparations which contain suspended insoluble, intended for internal use

Delsym-148ml Henik-18g

II.ExtractsTinctures-are alcoholic or hydro alcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances.

Fluidextract-are liquid preparations of vegetable drugs containing alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative or both.Extract-are concentrated preparation of vegetable or animal drugs obtained by removal of the active constituents of the respective drugs with suitable menstrum.

III.ParenteralviaIs 400mg/16ml

ampules Diamorphine Hydrochloride 5mg

IV.Intravenous admixtureIntravenous admixture – combination of 1 or more sterile products added to an IV fluid for administration.

V.OpthalmicSolutions- intended for the

½ fl oz.(15ml) ½ fl oz.(15ml)

eyes; clear sterile solutions to be instilled to the eye by the use of dropper.Suspensions – dispersed of finely divided relatively insoluble drug substances in an aqueous vehicle.

15ml

Ointments – intended for the eye , they conatin medicinal agents added to the ointment

VI.Medicated applicationsOINTMENTS - homogeneous, viscous, semi-solid preparation, most commonly a greasy, thick oil (oil 80% - water 20%)

Nitroglycerin Ointment USP,2% Gentamicin sulfate ointment USP, 0.1%

Cataplasm (poultice) - a soft mass of meals , herbs, seeds, etc. usually applied hot in clothes.Pastes – concentrates of absorptive powders dispersed in petrolatum or hydrophilic petrolatum.

Dental paste USP 0.1%

Dressings – external applications resembling ointment usually used as covering or protection.

Cream – viscous liquid or semi solid emulsion of either o/w or w/o type.

Clobetsol propionate cream USP 0.005%

Plasters – substances intended for external application, they are made of such consistency as to adhere to the skin & attach to a dressingSuppositories – solid dosage forms of various weights & shapes usually medicated for inserton into rectum, vagina, or the urethra

Promethazine 50mg Miconazole nitrate USP 100mg

VII.PodersDentifrices – may be prepared in the form of bulk powder generally containing soap or detergent, mild adhesive and an anticariogenic agent.

Colgate-24g Fluocaril-250mg of active flouride/100g

Douche powders- soluble powders intended to be dissolved in water prior to use as antiseptic or cleaning agents for body cavity.

Vital nutrients-60g Tanafem-1.59oz

Dusting powders – locally applied non- toxic preparations that are intended to have no systemic

Baby bee-7.5oz(212g) Coptrimoxazole 100g

Insufflations – finely divided powders introduced into the body cavities such as ear , nose, throat, and vagina with the use of insufflator

Ciclesonide-160mcg/dose Asthalin- 100mcg/dose

VIII.Oral Solid Dosage forms1. TABLET- solid unit dosage form of medicament or medicaments with or without suitable diluents and prepared either by molding or by compression

Meclizine HCl ( Bonamine ) 25 mg Salbutamol (Ventolin) 2mg

2. CAPSULE- solid dosage form in which the drug substances is enclosed in either a hard or a soft soluble container or of a suitable form of gelatin3. TROCHES (lozenges/pastiless) – they are discoid shape solid containing the medicinal agent in a suitably flavored base.

Strepsil (2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol 1.2mg, Amylmetacresol 0.6mg)

Lidocaine HCL monohydrte 8 mg

4. Pills- small , round, solid dosage forms containing medicinal agents and intended for oral administration.

2.000mg0.0036mg

30mcg/100mcg

5. Cachets- related to capsules inasmuch as they provide an edible container for the oral administration of solid drugs6. Pellets – small, sterile cylinders about 3.2 mm in diameter by 8 mm in length, formed by compression from medicated masses.

Verlan(240mg) Omeprazole(20mg/tab)

IX.AerosolsAerosols- used both orally and topically.

100mcg/dose

X.Biological productsVaccine- a suspension of attenuated or inactive microorganisms or fraction thereof to induced immunity and thus prevent other diseaseToxoid – a modified antigen from an infection organisms used as vaccine.

10ml