krycklan catchment study - university of aberdeen€¦ · krycklan catchment study a field...
TRANSCRIPT
Krycklan Catchment study
A field infrastructure for fundamental and applied environmental research
Hjalmar Laudon, SLU
Krycklan Catchment Study (KCS)
• 30 years of process based research on
hydrology and biogeochemistry (based on
Svartberget and Nyänget catchment)
• Close proximity to SLU and Umeå
University.
Umeå
50 km
Long-term soil experiments
Catchment studies
A field-based biogeochemical
cluster
Krycklan Degerö
Flakaliden
Strömsjöliden
Balsjö
Norrliden
Vindeln
Gammtratten
50 km
Krycklan (~350 mm yr-1)
Krycklan (~+1.5 C)
Krycklan (~100 cm)
Average climate (reference period 1961-90)
Annual
temperatureAnnual
runoffMax
Snow depth
Average climate 1991-2005 compared to
reference period (1961-90)
Krycklan
~+1 CKrycklan
~+10%
Temperture change Precipitation change
Sun hours (reference period 1961-90)
Krycklan (~15 h)
Krycklan (~300 h)
Sun hours
December
Sun hours
June
A biogeochemical landscape perspective
Field based research across scales
1. Transect scale
The role of the riparian zone
Field based research across scales
1. Transect scale
2. Catchment scale
Site name
Stream order
Area (km
2) Mire (%)
Forest (%)
Västrabäcken 1 0.13 0 100 Lillmyrbäcken 1 0.03 37 63 Kallkälsmyren 1 0.19 40 60 Risbäcken 1 0.66 1 99 Stortjärnen Outlet 1 0.85 36 59 Stortjärnbäcken 1 1.30 24 73 Kallkälsbäcken 2 0.50 15 85 Fulbäcken 2 2.5 11 89 Nyängesbäcken 2 3.1 14 85 Stormyrbäcken 2 2.9 26 74 Nymyrbäcken 3 5.4 16 84 Långbäcken 3 7.2 10 89 Åhedbäcken 3 14 5 90 Övre Krycklan 4 20 14 83 Krycklan 4 68 8 88
18 monitored streams
The boreal landscape mosaic
Forest ~75% Wetlands ~25%
Site name
Stream order
Area (km
2) Mire (%)
Forest (%)
Västrabäcken 1 0.13 0 100 Lillmyrbäcken 1 0.03 37 63 Kallkälsmyren 1 0.19 40 60 Risbäcken 1 0.66 1 99 Stortjärnen Outlet 1 0.85 36 59 Stortjärnbäcken 1 1.30 24 73 Kallkälsbäcken 2 0.50 15 85 Fulbäcken 2 2.5 11 89 Nyängesbäcken 2 3.1 14 85 Stormyrbäcken 2 2.9 26 74 Nymyrbäcken 3 5.4 16 84 Långbäcken 3 7.2 10 89 Åhedbäcken 3 14 5 90 Övre Krycklan 4 20 14 83 Krycklan 4 68 8 88
18 monitored streams
Field based research across scales
1. Transect scale
2. Catchment scale
3. Landscape scale
Landscape scale
DOC mg L-1
Airborne Laserscanning
ESA – European space agency
Laser data example
Each marker
represents the
measured position
in 3D where one
laser pulse was
reflected back to
the sensor.
Krycklan Digital Elevation Model
Digital Surface Model of tree canopy
Ground coordinate
X [m]Ground coordinate
Y [m]
Height
over sea
level [m]
Climate scenarios Hadley A (2071-2100)(compared to reference period (1961-1990)
Krycklan Krycklan
Precipitation Temperature
Down-scaled effects on temp and precip.
∆∆ ∆∆P (mm)
-40
-20
0
20
40
∆∆ ∆∆T (oC)
0
4
8HadleyA HadleyB
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
Mellander et al. 2008
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
Runoff [mm/d]
Observed climate
Had A (mod)
Had A (extr)
Had B (mod)
Had B (extr)
Climate change effects on hydrology
Seibert et al. Unpubl.
Climate change (forestry), hydrology
and DOC
Stream pH
Carbon balance
Speciation, toxicity
and export of metals
Aquatic biodiversity
Flux of POP:s
Energy mobilization
Connecting terrestrial
and aquatic systems
Human perturbation
Snow to soil
•Snow and soil frost modeling [Mellander]
•N uptake from snow pack [Forsum]•Partitioning of water [Laudon]
•Snow melt modeling [Grabs/Seibert]
•Dioxins in snow and snow melt [Wiberg]
Carbon and NitrogenLandscape control on DOC [Buffam] •Flux and variability of DOC [Ågren] •
Bioavailability of DOC in streams [Berggren] •CO2 and catchment character [Wallin] •Landscape regulation on N [Petrone] •
EcohydrologyLandscape distribution of fish [Buffam] •Invertebrate and natural acidity [Petrin] •
Riparian zone and river functionality [McKie] •Riparian plant and hydrology relationship [Bouillet] •
Hydrology Distributed modeling [Grabs] •
Hydrological landscape analyses [Seibert] •Partitioning of water [Laudon] •
Land-use
Forestry & DOC [Dahl] •Forestry & Hg [Bishop] •
Optimization in Forestry [Öhman] •Climate change
• Winter and DOC [Haei]• Winter and CO2 [Öquist]
• DOC Bioavailability [Berggren]• Winter and N [Petrone]
• Modeling DOC and climate change [Bishop]• Climate and hydrology [Seibert]
Air pollutants•N and veg. change [Nordin]
•Acid dep. and fish [Buffam]•Acid dep. and Al [Cory]
•Stream POP [Wiberg]
Metals and other elementsSources and pathways of Al [Cory/Bishop] •
Landscape control on weathering [Brink/Mörth] •
Mn, Fe and redox [Björkvald] •Causes of Hg variability [Meili] •REE and lanthanides [Köhler] •
Soil to stream•Hydrological flowpaths ways [Laudon]•Riparian soil and DOC dynamics [Bishop]
•DOC transformation in wetlands [Anna]
•Sources of 34S, DO13C, DO15N [Giesler/Mörth]
•Nitrogen transformation [Petrone]
•Natural/anthropogenic lead [Klaminder]
•Al transformation [Cory]
•Greenhouse gas fluxes in near stream zone [Öquist]•CO2 at soil-stream interface[Wallin/Bishop]
•U, Th and Ra accumulation [Lidman]
•14C in wetlands and riparian soils [Schiffs]
•REE at the soil-water interface [Köhler]
•Dioxins in soil and streams [Wiberg]
•Long-term modelling of DOC [Köhler]
Scaling from
Small to large streams
Umeå
50 km
Catchment studies
A field-based biogeochemical
cluster
Krycklan Degerö
Strömsjöliden
BalsjöVindeln
Gammtratten
50 km
Degerö stormyr – A full carbon balance since 2002
CO2
CH4
DOC
DOC CH4DIC
Balsjö clear-cut experimentA paired catchment approach
3
4
5
6
3
4
5
6
Tillväxtparken - Strömsjöliden
Strömsjöliden Production Park
Take more of what’s there
Fertilizer optimization
Down-scaling changes in climate
Two different approaches for Krycklan
1. Applying average scaling factors to historical climate sequences.
2.Statistical downscaling using the relationship between surface
observations and historical sequences of large-scale weather patterns.