ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 20051 of 47
KS4 Chemistry
The Periodic Table
![Page 2: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 20052 of 47
The Periodic Table
Patterns of behaviour
Patterns and electron structure
Elements and atomic number
Summary activities
Arranging elements
Contents
![Page 3: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 20053 of 47
What are all substances made of?
…to gold, an unreactive metal.
From chlorine, a poisonous gas…
From sodium, a reactive metal…
There are millions of different substances in the world, but what are they all made of?
Elements – the building blocks of all substances.
There are about 100 different elements in a variety of forms.
…to oxygen, a life-giving gas.
![Page 4: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 20054 of 47
Properties of elements
What is a property of an element?
A property is any characteristic of an element.
For example, here are some properties of sodium:
It would be really useful to be able to predict properties of elements instead of having to remember them!
Are there any patterns in the properties of elements?
metallic;
highly reactive;
solid but melts easily;
feels light (low density).
![Page 5: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 20055 of 47
Properties and atomic number
The properties of an element depend on its atomic number.
What is the atomic number of an element?
Atoms contain three types of particles:
Where are these particles found in an atom?
Particle Mass Charge
proton 1 +1
neutron 1 0
electron almost 0 -1
atomic number = the number of protons in an atom
![Page 6: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 20056 of 47
What is atomic number?
What are the particles in this helium atom?
What is the atomic number of helium?
neutron
proton electron
2
![Page 7: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 20057 of 47
Atomic number, charge and electrons
Atoms contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.This means that atoms are neutral.
What links atomic number and the number of electrons?
9 protons = +99 electrons = -9
Total charge = 0
10 neutrons = 0
What is the charge of a fluorine atom?
atomic number = the number of electrons in an atom
![Page 8: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 20058 of 47
Atomic structure revisited
![Page 9: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 20059 of 47
The Periodic Table
Patterns of behaviour
Patterns and electron structure
Elements and atomic number
Summary activities
Arranging elements
Contents
![Page 10: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200510 of 47
Periodic table timeline
![Page 11: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200511 of 47
Atomic number and patterns of behaviour
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K
reactive metals
unreactive gases
reactive gases
If the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, patterns in their properties can be seen.
![Page 12: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200512 of 47
Positions of similar elements
How many elements from one reactive metal to the next?
How many elements from one reactive gas to the next? 8
8
Compare the positions of similar elements:
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K
How many elements from one unreactive gas to the next? 8
reactive metals
unreactive gases
reactive gases
![Page 13: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200513 of 47
Mendeleev and the periodic table
Mendeleev created the first modern periodic table by grouping together elements with similar properties.
![Page 14: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200514 of 47
Arranging elements
Arrange these rows so elements with matching properties are together:
Divide the elements at set intervals into separate rows:
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K
cut here cut here cut here
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K
![Page 15: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200515 of 47
Arranging elements into columns
When elements are arranged according to their properties what patterns do you see?
Similar elements go into the same columns.
Hydrogen is an exception – it is best positioned above the reactive metals.
He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K
H
reactive metals reactive gases unreactive gases
hydrogen is a special case
![Page 16: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200516 of 47
The periodic table
Arranging all the elements by their atomic number and their properties led to the creation of…
…the periodic table
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Li Be B C N O F Ne
H He
![Page 17: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200517 of 47
Missing elements!
In this periodic table the symbols are replaced by atomic numbers. Some of the numbers are missing – where?
They are called the lanthanides and actinides and are only shown on some periodic tables.
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 38 49 50 51 52 53 54
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2Two more rows of elements fit here.
![Page 18: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200518 of 47
The elements in the periodic table
![Page 19: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200519 of 47
Columns of elements
What are columns of elements called?
groups
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Rb Sr Y Zr NbMo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Li Be B C N O F Ne
H He
1 2 43 5 6 07
![Page 20: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200520 of 47
Rows of elements
periods
What are rows of elements called?
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Rb Sr Y Zr NbMo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Li Be B C N O F Ne
H He1
2
3
4
5
6
7
![Page 21: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200521 of 47
The Periodic Table
Patterns of behaviour
Patterns and electron structure
Elements and atomic number
Summary activities
Arranging elements
Contents
![Page 22: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200522 of 47
Patterns: metals and non-metals
on the right (except hydrogen)
Where are these different types of elements grouped together in the periodic table?
metals
non-metals
between metals and non-metalsmetalloids
on the left and centre
Can you name a metalloid element?
Metalloids aren’t a type of rock music fan!
Metalloids have some properties similar to metals and other properties similar to non-metals.
![Page 23: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200523 of 47
Metals, non-metals and metalloids
![Page 24: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200524 of 47
Patterns: physical state
Only two elements are liquids at room temperature.What are they?
liquids
Where are these elements of different states grouped together in the periodic table?
in the middle and on the right
solids
on the far right (except hydrogen)gases
on the left, in the centre and on the right
bromine and mercury
![Page 25: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200525 of 47
Solids, liquids and gases
![Page 26: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200526 of 47
Patterns: reactivity of metals
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po
Rb Sr Y Zr NbMo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga
Na Mg Al
Li Be
What happens to the reactivity of metals down a group?
Which is the most reactive metal?
increase in reactivity
incr
ease
in
rea
ctiv
ity
What happens to the reactivity of metals along a period?
![Page 27: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200527 of 47
Which metal is more reactive?
![Page 28: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200528 of 47
Patterns: reactivity of non-metals
increase in reactivity
Group 0 elements are the most unreactive of all elements.
For the remaining non-metals and metalloids, reactivity increases up a group and along a period from left to right.
Which is the most reactive non-metal/metalloid?
At Rn
Sb Te I Xe
Ge As Se Br Kr
Si P S Cl Ar
B C N O F Ne
He
incr
ease
in
rea
ctiv
ity
unreactive
![Page 29: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200529 of 47
Which non-metal is more reactive?
![Page 30: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200530 of 47
The Periodic Table
Patterns of behaviour
Patterns and electron structure
Elements and atomic number
Summary activities
Arranging elements
Contents
![Page 31: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200531 of 47
Patterns, atomic number and electrons
What links atomic number and the properties of elements?
The periodic table shows that patterns in the properties of elements are linked to atomic number.
electrons
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Rb Sr Y Zr NbMo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Li Be B C N O F Ne
H He
![Page 32: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200532 of 47
Atomic number and electrons
atomic number = number of protons
atomic number = number of electrons
The properties of elements are hugely influenced by the number and arrangement of electrons in the atom.
What links atomic number and the number of electrons in an atom?
As atomic number increases by one, the number of electrons also increases by one.
This means that the elements in the periodic table are also arranged in order of the number of electrons.
number of protons = number of electrons
![Page 33: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200533 of 47
Electron shells
Electrons are arranged in shells around an atom’s nucleus.
This electron arrangement is written as 2,8,8.
1st shell holdsa maximum of
2 electrons
2nd shell holdsa maximum of
8 electrons
3rd shell holdsa maximum of
8 electrons
Each shell has a maximum number of electrons that it can hold. Electrons will fill the shells nearest the nucleus first.
![Page 34: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200534 of 47
Electrons in period 1
Elements in period 1 only have electrons in the first shell.
Why are there only two elements in period 1?
The first shell can only hold a maximum of two electrons,so period 1 only includes the elements hydrogen and helium.
What is special about the outer shell of helium?
1 2
H He
1 2 43 5 6 07
1
![Page 35: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200535 of 47
Electrons in period 2
Elements in period 2 all have a complete first shell.
The second shell is completed one electron at a time going across the period from left to right.
What is special about the outer shell of neon?
2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8
Li Be B C N O F Ne
1 2 43 5 6 07
What happens to electrons in the second shell in period 2?
2
![Page 36: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200536 of 47
Electrons in period 3
2,8,1 2,8,2 2,8,3 2,8,4 2,8,5 2,8,6 2,8,7 2,8,8
Elements in period 3 have complete first and second shells.
The third shell is completed one electron at a time going across the period from left to right.
What happens to electrons in the third shell in period 3?
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
1 2 43 5 6 07
What is special about the outer shell of argon?
3
![Page 37: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200537 of 47
Patterns of electron arrangements
Consider the electron arrangements of the first 20 elements in the periodic table.
What is the pattern of outer shell electrons in a group?
2,8,1 2,8,2 2,8,3 2,8,4 2,8,5 2,8,6 2,8,7 2,8,8
1 2 43 5 6 07
1
2
3
4
2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8
1 2
2,8,8,1 2,8,8,2
What is the pattern of outer shell electrons across a period?
What is the pattern of full electron shells in a group?
![Page 38: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200538 of 47
Electron trends in the periodic table
Trends down a group:
The point at which a new period starts is the point at which electrons begin to fill a new shell.
The number of a group is the same as the number of electrons in the outer shell of elements in that group,except for group 0.
the number of outer shell electrons is the same;
the number of complete electron shells increases by one.
the number of outer shell electrons increases by one;
Trends across a period:
the number of complete electron shells stays the same.
![Page 39: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200539 of 47
Electrons and groups
![Page 40: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200540 of 47
Groups and periods
![Page 41: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200541 of 47
What’s the electron arrangement?
![Page 42: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200542 of 47
Names of groups in the periodic table
![Page 43: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200543 of 47
The Periodic Table
Patterns of behaviour
Patterns and electron structure
Elements and atomic number
Summary activities
Arranging elements
Contents
![Page 44: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200544 of 47
Glossary
atomic number – The number of protons in an atom. Sometimes called the proton number.
electron arrangement – A shorthand way of writing the number of electrons in an atom’s electron shells.
element – A substance made up of only one type of atom.group – A column in the periodic table containing elements
with the same number of outer shell electrons and similar chemical properties.
period – A row in the periodic table containing elements with the same number of full electron shells.
periodic table – The table that lists all the elements in order of increasing atomic number, arranged into groups and periods.
property – Any characteristic of an element.
![Page 45: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200545 of 47
Anagrams
![Page 46: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200546 of 47
Matching elements and groups
![Page 47: Ks4 the periodic table (boardworks)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061308/55381454550346653f8b46c0/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
© Boardworks Ltd 200547 of 47
Multiple-choice quiz