k.u.leuven george danezis 1 and alfredo rial 1,2 privacy-preserving smart metering 1 microsoft...
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K.U.Leuven
George Danezis1 and Alfredo Rial1,2
Privacy-Preserving Smart Metering
1Microsoft Research Cambridge2KULeuven ESAT/SCD/COSIC – IBBT, Belgium
WPES17 / 10 / 2011
Privacy-preserving Smart Metering 17 October 2011
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17 October 2011
• Introduction to smart metering and privacy• System Model• Our Protocol
o Constructiono Implementation
• Conclusion
Index
2Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
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17 October 2011
1 – INTRODUCTION
3Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
http://overview.ge-energy.com/energyservices/index.jsp
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17 October 2011
4Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
Smart Grid
Power generation
Power transmission Power distribution
Industrial Customers
Residential Customers
Commercial Customers
Data communication
Electricity trasmission
New communication channels!
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Smart Meter
5Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
• Reports fine-grained consumption data• Receives commands: switch-off, change to prepaid mode, etc.• Interaction via a user-friendly interface
http://legalplanet.wordpress.com/2010/08/20/smart-meters-and-smart-regulation/ http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/07/
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ADVANTAGES
6Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
• Efficient Delivery
• Prevention of Outages
• Self-healing grid
http://www.fresnobee.com/2010/02/26/1838492/editorial-cartoon-pges-smart-meters.html
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ADVANTAGES
7Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
http://www.boost-energy.com/boost/davidblog.html
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ADVANTAGES
8Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
ELECTRICITY SAVING VIA MATCHING GENERATION AND DEMAND
http://blog.news-record.com/opinion/letters/archives/2007/10/cartoon_took_cheap_shot_at_ove.shtml
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ADVANTAGES
9Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
HELPUSERSSAVE
ENERGYhttp://www.greenbang.com/jurdy-hair-raising-energy-consumption_14998.html
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17 October 2011
• USA: Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007o American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009, $4.5bn)
• EU: Directive 2009/72/EC• UK: deployment of 47 million smart meters by 2020
DEPLOYMENT
10Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
http://www.ci.royal-oak.mi.us/portal/book/export/html/1751 http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/05/obama-finally-starts-talking-clean-energy-wake-gulf-spill.php
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2 - PRIVACY THREATS
11Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
http://turn.org/article.php?id=875
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Fine-Grained Consumption Data
12Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
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Privacy Concerns
13Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
Personal Information can be inferred:• When you are at
home• Which appliances
you use• When you eat• Whether you
arrive late to work
http://www.zazzle.co.uk/obamas_smart_metre_is_communism_tshirt-235996664492570554
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Privacy Concerns
14Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
http://forcechange.com/2009/02/10/google-jumps-into-the-smart-meter-industry-and-debate/
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Social Pressure
15Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2010/08/26/18656872.php
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Consequences
16Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
“The Dutch First Chamber considers the mandatory nature of smart metering as an unacceptable infringement of citizens’ privacy and security”
http://turn.org/article.php?id=1154
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3 – SYSTEM MODEL
17Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
http://antennagroup.com/transmissions/tag/conferences/
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ENTITIES
18Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
Provider (P) User (U) Meter (M)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8042716.stm
http://www.daylife.com/photo/04SSd1bgHS0Tp
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• P is assured that U reports correct fee
• P does not learn (cons, other)
• P cannot claim U must pay fee’
SECURITY REQUIREMENTS
19Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
http://www.inkity.com/catalog/product/2/2077/Shaking-On-Money-Deal.html
http://apcit.blogspot.com/
http://www.billboardmama.com/recording-connection-scam-p-1017.html
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• M should be tamper-resistant
• No direct uplink from M to P
ASSUMPTIONS
20Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
http://www.smartplanet.com/business/blog/smart-takes/report-smart-meters-have-security-holes-that-could-allow-hackers-access-to-grid/5532/
http://trac.cyberduck.ch/wiki/help/en/howto/googledocs
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M, U, P interact in five phases:• Setup & Initialization• Consumption Phase• Payment Phase• Policies
4 – Our Protocol
21Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
http://www.imetertechnology.com/
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Setup Phase
22Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
Compute key pair
Compute key pair Compute key pair
Compute commitment params
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17 October 2011
Initialization Phase
23Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
Choose pricing policy
Signs pricing policy
Υ 𝑠={𝜎 }Υ 𝑠
Verify signed policy
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Consumption Phase
24Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
Read
Commits to consumption and other
Signs commitments
(𝜎 ,𝑑𝑀 ,𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 ,𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 , h𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑟 ,𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 h𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑟 )Verifies commitment openings
Verifies signature
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Payment Phase (I)
Compute price
Commit to price
Proof knowledge of signature that bind consumption and price
For all tuples output by M
Privacy-preserving Smart Metering 25
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Payment Phase (II)
26Privacy-preserving Smart Metering 26Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
Aggregate prices and openings
Compose a payment message
Sign payment message (𝑚 ,𝑠𝑚) Verify Signature
Verify proofs
Aggregate commitments to price
Verify Opening of
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Pricing Policies
27Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
Consumption
Pric
e
Linear PolicyDiscrete Policy
Pric
e
Consumption
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Pricing Policies
28Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
Interval Policy
Pric
e
Consumption Consumption
Cumulative Policy
Pric
e/C
onsu
ptio
n
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17 October 2011
Pricing Policies
29Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
Pric
e
Consumption
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• Secure when M and P do not collude.oModification possible to ensure security when
they collude, albeit efficiency decreases by a factor of
• Very Efficient construction when choice of signature in the policy does not depend on and is linear.oNIPK are not needed.o Ideal for electricity metering
Remarks
30Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
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• It does not require anonymous channels or anonymized databases
• It does not require interaction among users• Minimises Trusted Computing Base• It does not require trusted parties• It is efficient enough for practical applications• It supports a wide variety of pricing policies• It permits selective disclosure of private data
Advantages
31Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
http://www.frikipedia.es/friki/An%C3%B3nimo
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Evaluation
32Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
32 Bit 64 Bit
Full-fledgedConstruction
EfficientConstruction
Full-fledgedConstruction
EfficientConstruction
Consumption Phase
31.4/s 31.4/s 171.209/s 171.209/s
Compute Payment
1.5/s 26780.6/s 20.1444/s 298295/s
Verify Payment
2.2/s 3711.02/s 91.3977/s 16345/s
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• Privacy-Preserving smart metering system:o Allows reporting fee without disclosing consumptiono Minimizes TCBo Does not require anonymity or MPCo Supports wide variety of pricing policieso Efficient Implementation
• Other applications: o Pay-as-you-drive car insuranceo road tollingo cloud computing billing
Conclusions
33Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
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17 October 2011
Questions
34Privacy-preserving Smart Metering
http://blogs.courant.com/bob_englehart/2008/07/july-10-2008.html