Driving Forces are forces that push in a direction that causes change to occur.

They cause a shift in the equilibrium towards change.

Restraining forces are forces that counter driving forces. They oppose change.

Restraining forces cause a shift in the equilibrium which opposes change

Equilibrium is a state of being where driving forces equal restraining forces and no change occurs.

Equilibrium can be raised or lowered by changes that occur between the driving and restraining forces.

Consists of three distinct and vital stages:

“Unfreezing”

“Moving to a new level or Changing”

“Refreezing”

Here, apprehension about learning computer and unwillingness to accept the change can be restraining force.

And, up-gradation of knowledge and increase in productivity can be a positive driving force.

 This starts by challenging many of the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviour of people within the organization.

Motivation for change should be generated before change can occur.

 During this everyone feels that things are becoming off balance as new system will make their job difficult.

We need to sell the benefits of the change to everyone involved i. e. benefits of replacing type-writers with computers

Also address any doubts or concerns.

Once the organization has gone through the unfreeze stage, effective change can begin within the organization.

Time and frequent communication are two key factors for the change to occur.

People need to understand the changes as they occur and feel that they are part of the change.

Some take a long time to learn the computers.  This can lead to fear and rumours that need

to be handled quickly which should be taken care of. 

It is the process to integrate the new behavior into the person’s thinking and attitude.

Once the changes have taken effect, we need to make them believe that their productivity and knowledge will go up as the start learning computer.

One should make sure that people get comfortable in using the computers.

Also to provide clear communications, support and training.

And to celebrate the successful completion of changes.