kurukshetra march 2012
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Kurukshetra March 2011 11
The Monthly Journal
MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Vol. 59 No. 5 Pages 52
March 2011
CONTENTS
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message o Rural Development to all people. It serves as a orum or ree, rank and serious discussion on the
problems o Rural Development with special ocus on Rural Uplit.The views expressed by the authors i the articles are their ow. They do ot ecessarily refect the views o the govermet or the orgaizatios they
work or.
The readers are requested to veriy the claims i the advertisemets regardig career guidace books/istitutios. Kurukshetra does ot ow
resposibility.
Sales Emporia : Publications Division: *Soochna Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi -110003 (Ph 24365610) *Hall No.196, Old Secretariat, Delhi
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l Food Security in india: Key iSSueS S. P. S 3
l draFt national Food Security Bill:
eSSential FeatureS 11
l Food Security in india: dr. K. K. triPathy
Policy iSSueS & challengeS K. c. MiShra 14
l exPloring the ‘Starving’ india apm hz 21
l Food Securityrole oF
graM SaBha iS crucial aws Smkw 26
l Food For all: the only Way ForWard d am P 28
l role oF BiodiverSity in Food Security d. h rj gm 35
l rid KaShMir FroM the Menace oF ‘charaS’ Z Zs Fz 38
l enhancing the Bargaining PoWer oF the
rural PoorMahatMa Gandhi nreGa B. K. S 40
l FiSh – a good Source oF nutrition am S
c.d. Sm 44
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Kurukshetra March 2011 22
InsIde
t m 2009 F S a wb pss s p qm f w
ss. S s b b
s sps f F S a s mp m
ms. i s ss w fw b fs m
spp s f f s pms.
t m s mk ffs ss ss f
s z s
b w ws f fss p
w. is w s pp b mjpm ps f m.
P, i s f s ps f f
w, ms f pp s w sq ms
q mb s.
W ffs b m s p
p f f s, p ss ms
mj .
Sm ss ss p p b f f s
s f pp s w s. rs s f f s
spp-s fs s s b f ss b s
p.
es f f zs s mp s
b f f, s ffb, p ss. Sm
s s ss f p mm f ss. t f
gm Sb s s f ms b sm
mm f f s, w w sss s ss.
i s wss g r s f s f g r w w fm s
s fm ssms. y, m . W
ss s m, , p , s
s .
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Kurukshetra March 2011 33
Pbm f f s b
w ms f pm
sb f f. i s s b
s f p f f s,
f pp mm
f f m. t
, sp s s sm
q, m s, s
m sf b sfm
f-f m f-sps
. a pm s
p ws spp-, bk b
p spp, s ffs f
sss, wk fms w
ps sp w . B
, pm s
w s s b
b m-s fs. a s b
sf ws mm
ps, , f
sk ps, sp
f w m pp m ss
ss ws p b
sf fm f s s ps.
Food Security in India: Key Issues S. P. Singh
In recent years, the Government of India has taken several iniaves towards ensuring rights and
entlements of cizens of the country. Right to informaon, right to employment and right to food are the
key iniave in this context. Making universal access to food is now a hot topic of debate and discussion in
various academic, polical and public forums. To provide legal entlement of access to food to the people
of country, the Naonal Advisory Council (NAC) prepared a dra of Naonal Food Security Bill (NFSB).
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Kurukshetra March 2011 44
S , w ss
m mp s
s w s - s, s
f ss ws s ps w
sm s sqs f b
ssb f ‘w s’, s s s
pss mm msss. Ps,
mb f ss, sp
s b sms, b
q q f f s sff fm
p . t f b spp
m s ss ss
f w b m
f p p, m
bks sb mm
f f s, m mpm
pps p pp mp
p s. i
m b m b f f w
s pbm f ss pp
m b f.
a em S 2007-08,
fs p w
f 2.5 p bw 1950-51 2006-07,
s 2.1 p pp
w . hw, 1990-2007,
f p w b 1.2 p
p m w pp s b 1.9 p
p . csq, p p
smp f s fm pk f
b 171 kms 1990-91 150 kms
2005-06, f 13 p
s p. t smp f pss s
fm 15.33 kms 12.05 kms
p p p sm p. t
fs s b 6 m
s bw 1990-91 2005-06. i s
s smp p
f pp s s p p
m, bz, f f bs,
m b f sk
ps, f s s b f
m b f fs b
b f bs fs,
bs, ps, s, m fs.
hw, s m s mk ss, s
w s ps m ss
p mm msss mp
s. t n Fm h S p
(2005-06) sws p f m
m wm p 15-49 s
s fm 53.9 1998-99 58.2 2005-06
s fm 45.7 51.5 b .
Sm, p f m s s
s fm 75.3 81.2 s 70.8
72.7 b bw sm ps.
ts s sm mwm s s. i s f
p ss, smp s m
s f k pss mj
s f p. t p p
b f s pss s s
f s m m.
Kp w w pp
s f ps, mk s ss
fs s s f
pp s f ms ff sbf p mks, sp k
s f sw w ,
p s f mj f ps
s f sbs b, sq fs
b f m. M, s ps
ps sw, ws ms pssb
f s f ss sp f
fs b p ffs s w
sbs. ts bf ws
pps n F S B (nFSB) ms sm k sss f
s i.
State of Hunger and Poerty in India
as p W Bk sms, 34% i
pp ss uS$1 (m
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Kurukshetra March 2011 66
35 K fs p m r1.00
p k f ms, rs.2.00 f w rs.3.00
f . t ss w
m m f 20 K p
50% f MSP. t nFSB
s ppss fm f s Pb
dsb Ssm. t nac sms
qm f 57.36 m s (Mt)
63.59 Mt f f s sbs b f rs
71837 s rs.79931s ps1
f ps, sp. ap fm s
pb ps f ss f, B
s sss z f
f p; s ss sf
k w s; s
; s ss è fs; sp
spp f pss w smz
b ms; ps f
pss f , sb, s
wm.
i m mps f
nac pps, gm f i
s ep cmm (ec) b
d. c. rj. af js f pp,
ep cmm sms sbs b
f rs 85,584 f ps 1 rs 92,060 f f
ps. t ec sss w ps. Fs p
s p ss m b
7.00 k p p fs
ss m b 2.00 k fs p
p. S p mm b ec s
ss (BPl ss + 10%
f BPl ss) b p f s
rs 2 p K f w rs 3 p k f
s b
w qm p
b f f s. Bs s
p, ec sms 50.96 Mt 2011
51.93 Mt 2014. t ec mms
b f f 5 Mt (f b
pss) m b sb -
pp ss p q MSP. t
ec fs pm f f s
f s pps m s mk ps
sf s fs b, sp
w f s MSP. ts, ec s
nac pps nFSB p
f q fs f pm,
s mm f sk f
f s; mk s
pm m fs f. i f,
-b p f m
s p s
wss f mks.
t sp s f
p s p w w f
fs mk mms
m f s f f s
ps p ps b pfs.
Role of Agriculture in Food Security
impm p
p ps s pbm f f
s w ws: fs, b mk f
ms ffb sms, s, b
mpm pps
wkf fm -fm s.
i s, f ps sf
s, mk f ms ffb p
ss, sm ms,
m s s mms w
s s f , sq
s sss m fms. r fs
w s ss s
b sm msm bw
m spp f f ms. is
ps m p
m ps s p
sp ss. tf, p
sbz s m s f
p p q s
sm , p
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Kurukshetra March 2011 88
i s
sf s ps
sf mps f f s f
mm msss. a w
sk ps m mp
ss f mm msss s
ss fs sk ps
ps. c smp m
p s m s f k
pss mj s f p,
p p b f s pss
sf m s f s
m m. S, s smp
f m-s f ps, s s,
m ps s s
m f s f f-s s
s s
ps, ff p
ss. F s,
p f
km f m qs
m q f s
s q
w s
sm b sm.
ts, f m q
f s s ws p f
m ps,
ss q w b
b f mm
msss f
smp. h, ppp p-m
s ss sk b bw
“w s” “ s” f
p f w f f s.
e ps ffs f ps wws: Fs, s ps f pm ps
ms m p s
f p b-fs. F s,
b 20 p f mz p uS
s b s p . i i s,
m s p p
b-s fm jp ps fm
msss. t s p f b-
f s b f f s f
smp s ss ps. S,
s ps mk
p m ps s s
f m , ps k fzs
pss, sp f ps
ps. t s f s
fms, sp sm m s,
s m fm ps ps q
m f p.
Key Issues and Options
Ø o f ms sss bf
p mk s s p
s fm 165.51
m s 1990 –
91 159.90 m
2000 –01,
f 5.61
m s. ts
, f s,
m s ff
f, mpm,
m ss, s
p p
f mj ps
s s
sp
f b m s
m. tf, sb p s
q f s
f - ppss.
Øimp p pfb
pb
sm fs,
r&d, s, w
mm, mk, ps-s
, s sb.
The IFPRI report on hunger
published in 2009, ranks India at
65 out of 84 countries, slightly
above Bangladesh and below
all other South Asian countries.
The intensity of hunger in the
report is classified into five
categories, namely, Low (values
less than 4.9), Moderate (values
5.0-9.9), Serious (values
10.0- 19.9), Alarming (values
20.0- 29.9, and Extremely
alarming (values 30 or higher).
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Kurukshetra March 2011 99
Øab 55 p f sms f
w fm
g s vs g
b. M, -fm wks,
s s ss, sv
ps, ., s p w
fms’ m. Fm, 82 p
f fms’ ss
sz f s ss w s
m f m bs f sm
ss g mms. is
g pv w mpv
v sq b f
f ms.
Ødp s spp ssm f
ps bfs b
fms sms. h mk ps
f mms p b
sm ws bf fms
ff spp ssm.
tf, ff k bw
fms ps sms ps
b sbs m m
s f ms bw fms
sms.
Ød q ps-s
fs, b 10 p f
f p (b 20 m
s) ws . S f
20 m s f f s
ff spp mm
b s sb
fs p s b 6
m s f f
f m ps
p 20 m s f
f .
Øgw w
s ms b p
w p s. Fms
s b p sbss b k/
p s f qf
. ts s m sb -
f s s b
-ff f .
Øt m s f fms’ pbm s m fm fm s
q m smp
s m s ms f
, w p
f wkf . ts
sss s b pp k
sb p s.
Summing up
F s s ss s. i s b p p
p. W p mps
f m f s m f
f. if i s w
mk s bk mp f f,
ps w s sp, s jpz
f s. F, f pm,
sb, mm f
mms
s f b -bsss mps, fw sp ps
mk. tf,
m p s b
ws m spp-s m-
s bks f f m. us f
fm p sf
s . dpm f -
ssm, w ff ks
mks mp wk, w p
w w p bw sms’
ps ps’ ps.
(The author is Professor of Economics,
Department of Humanities & Social Sciences,
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, e-mail :
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Kurukshetra March 2011 1 111
as b n as
c s m J 14, 2010,
Wk gp f Mmbs f nac
ws s n F S
B. af bs w
ss, nac fz s f
bs fmwk f pps n F
S B s m 23 ob,
2010.
Bs mms
mm gm, s fs
sp ws pp f n F
S B, Fmwk n s
w b pp b Wk gp. ts
Fmwk n ws s m
f nac 21 J, 2011 ws
p s Fmwk n pb m,
mms, bf df B s k
p f s b nac.
t f B s w ps. t fs
p s w food entitlements
p fmwk. ts ms
b s spf food-related
schemes (s S i), mpmb s ms w spp
fm c gm. t s p
ps fmwk f grievance redressal
for foo d-related schemes, w p f
b m s
s.
Draft National Food Security Bill:Essential Features
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Kurukshetra March 2011 1212
Food Entitlements and RelatedMatters
Essential Entitlements
ts p s bs nac f 23
ob 2010. t ss ms :
Public distribution system: 35 ks p
s p m rs 3/2/1 f /w/
ms f P ; 20 ks ( ms)
f f MSP f g .
Maternal and child support: (1)
usz f icdS (s p Spm
c s); (2) s spp f
pm if y c F; (3)
k-m s f
3 p/ wm; (4) km ms p css 8 m
m- ss; (5) m
ms f rs 1000/m f 6 ms
f p wm.
Special groups: (1) d, f k m
f s pss; (2) Pb ms
f ms; (3) cmm ks (sbj
sssf ps) f mss pss
b p; (4) em f f ss-
ff pss; (5) p
fm s.
n: t PdS ms s b
m s f
12 F y P p. o ms
b p b mm f
a.
PDS Reform
t fm PdS s sp
s, w f sfs b k
w s F PSps m b b mm
ss.
t a w m s PdS
fms, s s: s pm;
mm mm f F P Sps;
sp FPSs; ss f
b f FPSs; s sp sfs;
-- mpz; mp-pf
ps; s s. t a w s
sp f ss f ict.
Enabling Proisions
eb pss ,
s ms s ws
pss z f ( ): (1)
z f f p;
(2) s ss sf k w
s; (3) s ; (4) s
ss è fs; (5) sp
spp f pss w sms
b ms; (6) ps f pss
f , sb, s wm.
Grieance Redressal
Essential Proisions
t f B mps b s
ssm f ss f f-
sms, s f ms
s. g ss pss :
1 S transparency standards f f-
sms.
2 Swf fines f f a.
3 “Duty to fine” w s
f.
4 Pp f “vicarious responsibility ”.
5 Compensation f ss f
m.
Institutional Setup
a f- sms w m
mm ss fmwk,
:
(1) Bk- facilitation centres: a -ff
ps p pp p pp
w f mps, sbm pps,
s sps, .
(2) ds Grieance Redressal Officers: S
bw.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 1 313
(3) S- - Food and Nutrition
Commissions: ts w pps,
m fm f a,
s ms f- sms.
ds g ss ps 3
sps: (1) ss (w pms); (2) f ds
g rss off; (3) pp
s cmmss.
Grieance Redressal Officers
t p f ss
ssm s ds g rss
off (dgro) ds . t dgro
s s s p ff w
s pws s, f
mps. dgros b
bj s pss (pssb
s uPSc), w -b
m f f s.
Transparency Standards
a f- sms w m
mm mmm ss f sp.
ts : (1) a fm pb
m; (2) P- ss f ss
fm; (3) Wb-bs MiS w s
J ifm Ssm
; (4) “op ff, p sp, p
s” m; (5) m s s; (6)
m ps f s
s (.. s) bfs; (7)
fm w 15 s m
pp s. a s 1% f s
f f- sms w b -mk f
sp mss.
Wider significance of this grieance
redressal system
o m, pps
ss ssm pssb b
sm ss s s nrega
r e a. ts w b mj
bk.
(Source: National Adisory Council website.)
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Kurukshetra March 2011 1414
t
p f
mss s f w m
s b pss
pb sm 1960
2009. t b s ps
k pbm f p
ss Ss . a
i s b b fm s
sks f fm k s
s Pb dsb Ssm (PdS) wk,
f sff, q
f f s w m s sb
w sss f
p . t bs s b pssb s mp f m
s
s ws ss p. i
s , ps, p mks
ss b p ws ms
s f s ’s ms
f zs.
Food Security In India:Policy Issues & Challenges
Dr. K. K. Tripathy & K. C. Mishra
Though India is one of the largest producers of the food in the world, yet nearly 300 million people
struggle for meeting two square meals a day and 21 per cent of the national population (230 million)
are malnourished . This indicates the issues of accessibility to adequate and nutritive food to the
poor.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 1 515
t f js f ‘f
s’ mpss mp
mss z., b, ssb
sb f f s. W b f
f s f f p f fs,
ssb f s S’s fp p w ps pw f
sm. t ms s ‘sbz’
w s f b ssb f
f ssm. t , ssb
f f ssm mmzs pbb f sks
f s m s w s
ff ms b s f smp
q .
t i s f s ps f
f w, 300 m pp
sgg f mg w sq ms 21 p f pp (230 m)
ms (www.fp./ i
F P rs is, 2011). ts s
sss f ssb q v
f p. F, s w m
ms p fms w sp 80 p
f m f gs s
ps pw ps m fm ss
f g q. i s bkp, mp
s m ssss s f
p, vb m
f f bs s f gvm
ws vg s bjv f vs f
s.
PRODUCTION, YIELD
t , p,
fs 1952-53 2009-10 s sb tb 1. d
1952-53, 102.09 m s w
f. t f p
1952-53 ws 59.2 m s w
p f 580 kms/.
Bw 1952-53 2009-10 19.28 m
s w s
f . hw, mp
f s f m
ss, p s fm
59.20 m s 1952-53 218.20 m
s 2009-10 s fm 580
kms/ 1,798 kms/
p. W 18.1 p
fs ss 1952-
53, s 46.8 p
b 2007-08. tb 1 s s s
2003-04, f s m
m ss s w s
.
t f w s
ws 0.7 p p
1990-91 1999-00. t w
Table 1 : Area, Producon, Yield and Irrigaon Coverage under Foodgrains in India
YearArea
(Million Hectares)
Producon (Million
Tonnes)Yield (Kg/Hectare)
% Coerage under
Irrigaon
1 2 3 4 5
1952-53 102.09 59.20 580 18.1
1962-63 117.84 80.15 680 19.8
1972-73 119.28 97.03 813 25.4
1982-83 125.10 129.52 1035 30.8
1992-93 123.15 179.48 1457 37.4
2002-03 113.86 174.77 1535 42.8
2003-04 123.45 213.19 1727 42.22004-05 120.00 198.36 1652 44.2
2005-06 121.60 208.60 1715 45.5
2006-07 123.71 217.28 1756 46.3
2007-08 124.07 230.78 1860 46.8
2008-09 122.83 234.47 1909 na
2009-10 121.37 218.20 1798 nana: n ab
Ss: () Ms f a, gi, 2008 2010 & (b) em S, gi 2009-10
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Kurukshetra March 2011 1616
s w f 1.7 p w
pss mk w s
b -0.6 p sm p
(tb 2). a ss f p w f f ps
bw 1990-91 1999-2000 2000-01
2007-08 s p
bw 1990-91 1999-00 s
w f 2 p s-à-s w
f 1.9 p bw 2000-01
2007-08. t f w f p f
w pss 1990-94 1999-2000
ws 3.6 p 1.4 p , sp,
0.6 p 3.4 p , sp
2000-01 2007-08. a mps f
w s mj
ps, p
w 1990-91 1999-00
2000-01 2007-08 ps m p
m s sp f m
bkp f ’s b
pp w.
i bs f s fw p
f 1960s f sb bk
i ps-
, s b s
f p f i .
a f w gdP
p fm 4.9 p
2007-08 1.6 p 2008-09.
t c Ss os (cSo)
sm w
f 0.2 p 2009-10 (gi, 2010 ).t w
s s ps s
f s f .
AvAILABILITY AND PRICEMOvEMENT
t b f p p p
fs s p s
tb 3. t p p b f fs
ws sm b 384.5 ms 1952-53. t
p p b wss pw
1972-73. tf,
spf p. o s f
p p b f fs
s 1972-73 2008-09. d 2008-09,
p p f b ws 436 ms
w ws 30.1 ms ss f 1972-
73. t p p b f s w
w fm 458.7 ms p 2002-03
374.6 ms 2008-09. hw, p p p b f pss s
fm 35.4 ms 2002-03 41.8 ms
2008-09. t p p p b
f pss s s b 29.5 p
fm 59.1 ms 1952-53 41.8 ms
2008-09.
Table 2:Rate of Growth of Area, Producon and Yield for Foodgrains during 1990-91 and
1999-00 and 2000-01 and 2007-08 (in per cent)
Crops 1990-91 to 1999-00 2000-01 to 2007-08
Area Producon Yield Area Producon Yield
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
r 0.7 2.0 1.3 -0.1 1.9 2.0
W 1.7 3.6 1.8 1.3 1.4 0.1
Pss -0.6 0.6 0.9 1.9 3.4 1.7
Ss: () Ms f a, gi, 2008 (b) em S, gi, 2008-09
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Kurukshetra March 2011 1 717
t p b f f
s (tb 3) s s s
f m p s b sssf
s ssb f b
s p p p
s s ws f
sb f f s b p
.
t ffb ms f f s
s f b p mm f fs
. t f f bs
Ws P i (WPi) 1993-94 ps
1994-95 2009-10 s
w b f fs
b b f m f
Table 3: Populaon and Per capita per day net availability of food grains
Year Populaon
(in Million)
Per capita net aailability per day (in grams)
Cereals Pulses Total
1 2 3 4 5
1952-53 369.2 325.4 59.1 384.51962-63 452.2 398.9 62.2 460.9
1972-73 563.9 419.1 47.0 466.1
1982-83 703.8 415.6 39.2 454.8
1992-93 867.8 434.5 34.3 468.8
2002-03 1,050.6 458.7 35.4 494.1
2003-04 1,068.2 408.5 29.1 437.6
2004-05 1,085.6 426.9 35.8 462.7
2005-06 1,102.8 390.9 31.5 422.4
2006-07 1,119.8 412.8 32.5 445.3
2007-08 1,136.5 407.4 35.5 442.8
2008-09 1,153.1 374.6 41.8 436.0
S: em S, gi 2008-09 & 2009-10
Table 4: Trend in WPI of Foodgrains at 1993-94 base prices (1994-95 to 2009-10)
Year All Commodies
(100.00)
Food Arcles
(15.40)
Food Grains
(5.01)
Cereals
(4.40)
Pulses
(0.60)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1994-1995 112.6 112.8 114.7 113.6 122.2
1996-1997 127.2 137.3 137.6 135.7 151.3
1998-1999 140.7 159.4 152.0 150.9 160.1
2000-2001 155.7 170.5 173.8 173.0 179.6
2002-2003 166.8 179.2 174.3 173.5 180.6
2004-2005 187.3 186.3 177.5 177.9 174.42006-2007 206.2 210.5 206.0 199.4 254.2
2008-2009 233.9 239.8 234.1 230.5 259.8
2009-2010 242.9 275.1 270.6 261.9 333.8
n: Fgs pss spv wgs.
S: WPi sms f Gv. f i, Ms f cmm & is (avb : p://www.s..
/)
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Kurukshetra March 2011 1818
fs s sm fs
s bm ffb (tb 4). ts
pw p mm fs w ps
ss f s i.
PDS SUpplies and Off-take
t PdS s m pk f i’s f
mm s. t f mm
ms p fs fm fms
m ps, sb fs
sms, p, p
b ss f s, ffb
ps m f bffs f f
s p sb. n Smp
S PdS Ss f hs
csmp 2004-05 s
i 81 p f ss
67 p f b ss
s (nSSo, 2007). a ss f p
sb f ss b 17
mj Ss f i (tb 5) s
Bw P l (BPl) s w b 26.5
p f ss 10.5 p f
b ss. a s (
p) fm ss 3 p f
ss ss 1 p f b
ss.
P f s
k. r, gm f i
(gi)’s w ep cmms (S cmm
f Ms f r dpm
tk cmm f P cmmss)
m s p fs
sm m mm
s f s p fs pws (gi,2010). ts, f mms f s
mms p, w b
m ps f PdS
gm sms w bfs
Table 5: Percentage Distribuon of Households by Raon Card Type
in Major States: 2004-05 (in per cent)
State Rural Urban
Antyodaya BPL Antyodaya BPL
1 2 3 4 5
a Ps 2.8 54.0 1.5 26.6assm 0.6 12.0 0.2 3.2
B 2.3 15.0 0.8 4.7
csg 4.4 35.0 2.1 15.2
gj 0.8 36.0 0.1 8.4
h 2.6 16.0 1.5 9.9
Jk 3.0 23.0 0.8 7.5
Kk 9.6 42.0 2.0 14.4
K 1.8 28.0 0.9 19.8
M Ps 3.3 31.0 1.9 12.7
Ms 4.4 31.0 0.3 8.0
oss 2.0 42.0 1.3 11.8
Pjb 0.1 12.0 0.0 3.9
rjs 2.8 16.0 0.6 2.4
tm n 1.5 19.0 0.6 12.8
u Ps 2.8 14.0 0.7 7.2
Ws B 3.2 27.0 0.8 8.8
i 2.9 26.5 0.8 10.5
S: nSS rp n. 510, 2004-05
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BPl bss. F, n
as c s ss pm f
n F S a (nFSa) w
m sbsz fs 75 p
f ’s pp 90 p
s 50 p b s
w b .
t pm sms s PdS
Mmm Spp P (MSP) c
iss P (ciP). F cp f i
(Fci) s pm, sb
s f fs.
W pm f
fs s p-,
s sb s b s f
s ff-k b
sms. t ff-k
f fs s pm
t Pb
dsb Ssm
(tPdS) f
wf sms f
gi z., a a
yj (aay), M-d M Sm (MdMS),
W Bs n Pmm, Wf
pmms f Sc/St/oBc ss,
ap Sm, F f Wk Pmm,
Table 6: Trend in the PDS O-take of Wheat and Rice vis-à-vis Allotment from FCI (in per cent)
Year Wheat Rice
TPDS AAY MDMS Annapurna TPDS AAY MDMS Annapurna
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2004-05 29.6 66.5 103.9 88.3 39.4 74.5 81.1 71.1
2005-06 35.0 79.0 76.9 90.9 36.0 70.7 76.8 76.72006-07 70.1 90.1 79.9 37.7 36.7 71.7 75.8 67.8
2007-08 89.1 90.7 83.3 39.0 64.1 73.3 77.9 76.1
2008-09 67.4 66.7 91.4 40.3 25.3 68.8 73.6 69.6
2009-10 65.3 73.5 91.0 82.4 65.6 64.8 81.2 90.2
bk sm . tPdS ws
mj s f f f sb
. t ff-k f fs
tPdS s p fm 29.7 m s
2004-05 34.8 m s 2008-09
(gi, 2010). hw, ff-k s b
mms w m f
tPdS (tb 6).
t smp m f PdS fs
s-à-s m b bm
s pm p
sq pw
ss
ss ps. t pw
s f ss p s
ff
bw ss p
p mk p.
M, b p ss
p, sm w
p w
q f w
s f p
sps f PdS. B
p mk s
s ps p q f
fs p mk ss. t s
spp p s s mp mp
S: F cp f i, 2011
The National Advisory Council
has suggested promulgation
of a National Food Security Act (NFSA) wherein legal entitlement to subsidized
foodgrains to 75 per cent of the country’s population
covering 90 per cent in rural areas and 50 per cent on
urban areas would beguaranteed.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 2020
f pm b Fci s b
m fs m s
ff-k fm PdS s
pw s f ss p. ts s
s m f bff sks
m b mm sk . t m s sk
f fs w Fci s s
m s f fs Fci
s s mp ff f
f bs sf s i
(rks, 2005)
CONCLUSION
t m p
s b mms w p
p b f fs. W p b
s, bm ss
mmm spp
pm ps
s pw p
mm f
s. t f ps
w b
ps pw f
mm sms
f s f f fm mk m wss
m s f p
fs f pb sb.
cs m
bmk p ,
b f fs, s -
S mm f fs p
, p w s
p mm f s
bm ss. t f f
s w q m
pm sb f fs.
W s sps pp,
m s m f
m fsb f s
m f f sm
pps nFSa. l s m f
sbsz fs w s m
m pm f fs
Fci sq pw s
mmm spp p. F, sf
smp p f sms fm
s -s s b m
f sss s
m s fs. ows, m
spp s mm m
s mk ss ms
m b m s mp p
mpss f i fs.
t gm s k f
s s
k m spp f fs
mk. ts w s f
fs f ps w f
gm p
mk. uss f
f sb s
sp PdS msm
Fci
F
P Sps ss-
. ts s f fm sb pps f Fci z s bff sks,
ss f s
s f s PdS b
b sp b
m sb p. ts
w mp spp s p
p s. ts, w pps nFSa w
ss spp sb s f
fs, s s
ppp s f f mm
kp w m spp
s.
The authors are Ocer in Planning
Commission, Delhi and Lecturer in Economics in
MPCJ Government College, Orissa, respecvely,
e-mail: [email protected]]
The right to food and food
security initiative will
require an enhancement in
procurement and distribution
of foodgrains.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 2 121
F s f s s f f
s zs s f
b, pss p
b f f pb q s
b ss f. af s
s f p, s m f f
sp w b k f f f
s s p ss - ss wsms p w s f
i pm j.
Food Security: The Current Scenario
t s f i’s f s s ws
b . t s b i s f
f ss – w s f fm i’s
ps s b ,
s 2010. i 2009 gb h
i, i k 65 f 88 s,
spp w 67 ps, 2010.e
s k Pks c b
k w f i. t 84
s bss f s
- p f m, f
m, pp f pp w
f. 230 m pp i s — s f
w. M s f 50% f
s i s
( 15-49 s) s p b (B
Mss i ss 18.5). a
s p s f f s
i, m 1.5 m
sk f bm ms bs f
s b f ps. The food insecurity is so
Exploring The ‘Starving’ IndiaAnupam Hazra
Food insecurity in rural India is primarily a reflection of rural poverty, and thus overall economic
growth and its distributional pattern cannot but be important in solving the hunger problem.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 2222
rampant across the country that India has been
clubbed with minor economies like Bangladesh,
Timor-Leste and Yemen, recording the highest
prevalence of underweight children under five.
as p uniceF sm - i s m
42 p f w’s w
31 p f s s . as
pp pp m ss k ‘i
s’ ‘ib i’, i’s s
m b f k ,
af spf Sb S af s f s
ss f f s s .
Food Security: The Recent Initiaties
F k s s f
f , m s b
mpm sm mj pms k
Pb F dsb Ssm (PdS),
i c dpm Ssm (icdS),
100 -mpm ssm
n r empm g
a (nrega), a a yj (aay).
ap fm s f mj pmms -
m s mpm M- M
Sm f s f s f s
p. B s pmms
s p w s
f s s PdS f sb s
q. W w p f
f s m s m
f b pp, n F S
Mss (nFSM), w s w p 467
ss f 17 Ss.
a sm m, mbs
‘F S B’ s b f b
w s p n as c (nac).
i s m m f ob
2010 – s ss ms
sbss f s b s 75
p f pp — 90 p
s 50 p b s. F,
‘p ss’ (46 p s 28 p b s) s b
35 k (q 7 k p ps)
m sbss p f r. 1
k f ms, rs. 2 f w rs.3 f ,
w js S-ws bs
P cmmss’s 2004-05 p
sms. i s m m
f ob, nac s s ss
‘ ss’ mps f 44 p
s 22 p b s, s
b 20 k (q 4 k p
ps) m p 50
p f s Mmm Spp P
f ms, w .
Food Security: The Present Dynamics
t s f f ms s s p,
mk m ffb mj f
pp. a s ws s s spp
f pss b s, w fs c
m mp m. a s f
pp sff fm f s
i, ws ff ps ss p
ss s pp mp
p ps s bs
ss s b s. t f
s pp spp
sm s f , s s m
bkw ss w f p,
b m s, s m p
sss . i f, ss f u
Ps (s s-s ps), B,
Jk, oss, Ws B, cs, ps
f M Ps Ms
f s mb f f s pp
. i s pb s f f
s - s f ms
Mw s s pz b w
ss w ms f pp f uP f
s.
F s i s pm
f f p, s
m w s sb p
b b mp s
pbm. i s p p
mpm pps,
ws f q m ms, s
f ps, w f pp’s b
b f, s ff f m ff j. Bs p
bs p ms f i. t
m s m
mks f p s
pk b ps, p m
ffs sm s. o
, s f f s F
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Kurukshetra March 2011 2 323
cp f i (Fci) wss
b sb fs .Fci
mps f f s sp bs
sm fs . ts ms
f f s ws bf s
ps f mm m.
Food Security: The EmergingChallenges
S s q f
s f s s sb f
f mk m ffb p,
f p. W mks sk
f sb m s f
i s spsb f f 1.2 b
pp. S s f ss mp
p, m s mp
sb f f
sm m s mpw sm-s fms
m ps, f
pp - s f p s
f s. i w s m
b sms b pm
f mm-bs ms. B p
fms’ s, z m
s bsss sms
s fm s, i
m p
pb sb ssm s ps
s w w; sms,
w f s ss m
f s qms f
pp p m
s. i k ss
f , ms s
s sm , p
sf s s sss pmms,
m- s f
b p.
W bm sq f s
s f f ss ss .
P, , p, s s s fm p f ss .
Pb ss ss
f . a s spp
b s w
s f ss . i s
b mk p sp
m , mm f b
mb . P w
s spf fm sps. W
ms m fw wk p
mps pp .
No More Hunger: Let us Hope for a
Better Future
There is not a single day when we do not
read or hear about the different dimensions
of the food crisis, which India is witnessing for
last few years. i pmss
mm pm s b 2015, b
pms sms f w ks
s gb h i f 2010. Pss
qs, ff f pb
ss, wk b ssms ps
mpm f p-p ps
mj s pss. i smsi w f ff ks f
s k , q
m ssb ss s
ffs m b m
ss f -s wk m. t
m s s, b f
f s f fss
ss, s f .
India may be the second fastest growing economy
in the world, pps b w’s s
p f mk b s s
s p f w s - but it fares
far worse than lesser economies when i t comes to
taking care of its malnourished children. i s
s ms f w’s
pp fm i sm m,
ms f ms p f w
s b i. F p f s
f ms m pbms
, b ps
f f s qk ff s f
m bss w pp w j
pfm f s gm w s
f s pp s
s p b bs m , m f
p-bk “r f a”.
( The author is Assistant Professor,
Department of Social Work, Assam (Central)
University, Silchar – 788 011, Assam,
e-mail:[email protected].)
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Kurukshetra March 2011 2 525
AST GUARDMaking a Difference
www.indiancoastguard.nic.in
niversary
MESSAGE
I am happy to learn that Indian Coast Guard iscelebrating its 34th anniversary on February 1, 2011.
Over the last three decades, the Coast Guardhas been evolving as an efficient and a balancedforce to meet the various maritime challenges. Thepast two years have been particularly challenging,requiring round-the-clock patrolling and surveillanceat sea. This speaks volumes of the dedicationand commitment of the officers and men of theCoast Guard. With sustained efforts at improvingits infrastructure, the Coast Guard is on its way tobecome one of the most potent peacetime forcesin the Indian Ocean Region. The force levels andthe manpower of the Indian Coast Guard are set tosubstantially increase in the next few years.
On the occasion of the 34th Coast Guard Day,I extend my best wishes to all the personnel of theIndian Coast Guard and their family members.
I am sure that the Indian Coast Guard willcontinue to serve the nation with all the honestly,dedication and commitment. I wish the Indian CoastGuard and its personnel, the very best in all theendeavours.
Jai Hind
(AK Antony)
MESSAGE
On 01 Feb 2011, the Indian Coast Guard completes 34 yearsof dedicated and distinguished service to the nation, and I am indeedprivileged to be at the helm of such a fine service.
Over the past three decades, the Indian Coast Guard has maturedinto a lean, professional and energetic force, undertaking with pride thevarious roles for which it was raised. The past two years in particular,have indeed been momentous for the Coast Guard. Significant progresshas been made on the acquisition, operational, infrastructure and humanresource fronts.
The successful achievement of many objectives and thesustainment of intense operational activity during the last year is a tributeto the hard work, professionalism and commitment displayed by everyofficer, enrolled person and civilian of the Coast Guard. The ICG’s quick,professional and resolute response to oil spills, Search and Rescuecalls, anti – smuggling and anti - poaching inputs, and a host of othercontingencies have earned accolades both nationally and internationally.
Induction of ships and aircraft and capacity building in operationalinfrastructure will continue to remain our thrust area in 2011. This callsfor hardwork, detailed planning, and will entail major administrative,personnel and logistics challenges. I have, however, no doubt that thesechallenges will be addressed and vanquished by the service.
In 2011, we must both consolidate the gains of the past two years,whilst simultaneously continuing to scale greater heights, as befittinga vigorous and professional service. I am certain that all Coast Guardpersonnel will rise to the demands of this challenging era in the ICG’shistory.
“VAYAM RAKSHAMAH”
“JAI HIND”
Anniversary of theed on 1 February,
n Coast Guardssional force. Itsmaritime frontiersmmunication openare committed to
with the necessaryrole effectively.has been made
rialization of thesem the Indian Coast-military maritime
n.
ast Guard reflectnd high standards
am confident that
e to display verve
ood wishes to alld and their families
Manmohan Singh)
MINISTER OF DEFENCE
INDIA
21 Jan 2011
New Delhi
New Delhi
14 Jan 2011
(Anil Chopra)Vice AdmiralDirector GeneralIndian Coast Guard
d a v p
1 0 1 1 9 / 1 3 / 0 0 2 8 / 1 0 1 1
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Kurukshetra March 2011 2626
i svs mm f zg
f qm f s swg pp.
t fm s s b sp
f s ss. t i s sf-s fg p s b
p sps. i sp f ss
p f fg, f s
qb sb f f pg
. t pbm s p b
mp ss f sp b ms
b ps.
i s wss g v s
g f s f g v
w w fm gs vs
fm ssms. t fm mm sms s pg p w g
w pfm sp q
fq f ss s. y, m
. Msm m
kps . W s w
? a s xm f pssg f s
s s mj sss
f s - avb, ab ass.
ts -. if f s b, b
b fms? if b,
b s ss? t ms mp qss w s gg f w? of s
p w p w fm
f sb ps v g
m .
i ks 66 m 88 s
gb h i 2008 s b
i F P rs is. t
i s b p m
– , m
m. o 200 m pp i b p b s b ss
b. t f p ms b
mms psss gg. i smp ms
ssm s m s
wk pp.
Problems and Limitations of PDS
t p fms q ss
f m s. W s
w f bs f f w
fm sb ssms msms. ttg Pb dsb Ssm s pps
f bggs f sb wks
w s p sss. t S
Gvms v sv mpv fg
f PdS b kgs f w f mm
wsp. nw c s gg n
F S a. a sp s w s
bkg f n r empm
G a. t n F S a w
s vb w fg b
fms f ss, sss p
f pps. t PdS wk w b
g v mpm f n
F S a. t m f PdS s
wks m. ts pss f
gg ss. M s fms
m w .
Food Security-Role of Gram SabhaIs CrucialAwanish Somkuwar
The emerging food scenario underlines the role of Gram Sabha – the most powerful constitutional
apparatus of democracy at the grassroots level. The Gram Sabha can act efficiently to allow the needy
to exercise right to food.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 2 727
Gram Sabha and Food Security
t m f s s
f Gm Sb – ms pwf s
pps f m sss .
t Gm Sb w
s f. t ms mp
sp s gm Sb ws pws fm
cs. is ss g.
t f s ss b ss
b v mpw Gm Sb, w s
xp b g mpm
msms f pps f s
.
t mb f ss w w
gm Sb b b f s
ss. t s f Bw Pv
l fms b gm Sb w
BPl s s spsb f gm Sb. t
mg f fg f f p sps
mk m b pp w
mj sks gm Sb s . Bss,
b p s s f.
t mfg f f p sps s b
p. t gm Sb kp s
v f p sps. t rg ifm s
b b sp sks.
a, gm f i s psb
ssm gm Sb gm P
f sb ssm b g Gm
Sb b spsbs, gs s
b k p w fg. V f
s b Gm Sb Gm P
s pssb w bs s b
s s-sps
ssss.
The Gram Sabha Approach - MP
ExperienceM Ps r ls Pj –
b dpm f i dvpm
u Kgm s pv 3000 m vgs
pm b ss – d, Jb,
Bw, ajp, Sp, M, d,
app S. t Pj s
gm Sb m f ssb pm f
p. Pm bs k B S
s k G, B, B, s
szb pp s ss. t pj
s ss s sss f b fms
g Gm Sb, w ks v sf w m s g bs
fm gm Ks – .
t g bs Gm Sb
mgs Gm Sb w s
b p. ts b p
xpss f vs vs. t
Pj ss s f s
vs ps sp vs. ts
pp s v ssv Gm Sb
f ss. tf, s f gm
Sb gs, s ms s f mj sks f Pj. Sm pp s
b pp ss f s. tks
nreGa, s f s
mg g x. t Gm Sb
mgs v psb mb f vs
s f s sss. g Bks m
p sbs mb. Vg emg Fs
v rf Fs m ms
b s s b s p m
qm f p g ss. n
f s s k fm p.
g b Pj, s
p mpp mps
w-b k s. csq,
vg s s w-, mgb, p
-p fms. t k s bs
mb mmb sss. gm Sb kws
w p p fms f
f s f s fms
g p gg bs mm-
sps vs vs. t BPl s s
sv pps m m sfms m s.
The author is State Coordinator –
Communicaons, Madhya Pradesh Rural Livelihoods
Project, Department of Panchayat and Rural
Development, Bhopal, e-mail: awanishsomkuwar@
gmail.com.]
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Kurukshetra March 2011 2828
a f ps i
skk mk s f s f
ms msb
f s. u ns F
a oz s f ws ‘w pss w ps f
ms mms b
mm ms m s f
spp sks 2011’ i s, f,
ss fm p
mk f ssb pps
F S B s mm b
n as c b rj
cmm.
Food For All: r f s birthright
for all s b p f
f s s a 21 f i
cs s w s us d f
hm rs [1948]. uss s f
s, hunger w . i 1974,
F a oz [Fao]
b 1984 “ no child, woman or man
should go to bed hungry and no human being’s
Food For All: The Only Way ForwardDr Amrit Patel
It is difficult to reduce hunger and poverty by half by 2015 as agreed under the United Nation’s
Millennium Development Goal No.1, which is a must for Sustainable Human Security and Peace. The
Government launched in 2007 the National Food Security Mission to raise food output by 20 million
tons during the Eleventh plan.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 2 929
physical or mental potentia l should be stunted by
malnutrition”.
gj ws sp mpsz
s b m w
m . h w i pp s/ b.
hw, ss s ss f
pp k ps, wws, fm
pss, p wm sff fm m,
p f z w b
p fms s ff b ps,
bss, hiv/aidS b p f
f f s.
Indian scenario: i i, f
mp 2001 fs s m
ss s s f s i’s
mmms k pbm f
m m ws. t n
Fm h S [2006] sw
- i s 46%, w s
ms b f sb-S af. i
gb h i [2008], i ks 66 m
88 s s b Ws-bs
i F P rs is. i
ms bw S, n cm.
i c dpm Sm s
b mpm s 1970s,
b s 45% f w ms
w. t, p
ff b 260 m pp .
i s m 40% f w’s w
ks 126 f 177 s
undP hm dpm i. i s
ff p b f
b 2015 s u n’s
Mm dpm g n.1, w s
ms f Ssb hm S
P. t gm 2007
National Food Security Mission s f
p b 20 m s e
p. d Mm S, Pm Ms
s ip d sp fm
mps f r F “no body will
be allowed to go hungry” gm s w
pps s “ food as a right”.
Price of Neglecting Agriculture: d
1960s 1970s sf
mmm wss g r
b f f w f f s
p pss fm 2.73%
1980s 2.09% 1990s f 2.01%
2000-01 2007-08. r f w f gdP
ws 2.9% 2000-08 s w.
a w p f s
2003-04 2007-08 ws s s 11.40% 22.06% sp s s
msb w w f [2.23%],
w [2.35%], s s [2.06%],
f s [2.05%] ss [1.57%]
s p. i s p p f
s b f 176.3 k s s
mmm q 182.5 k,
n is f n, ws w’s
s 358.4 k . d s
ms f 1990-91
2004-05 ps f b
f p p gm’s
b f ps p s
fs . Bw 1960-61 2003,
mb f s b fm 51 m
101 m, w p
fm 133 m s 108 m s
s sp sz f
w mz. Sm
m fms f 85.9% 2003 s
s 61.7% 1960-61.as m s 40% f
fms w b nSSo w q
fm f ws p []
m f fm ss w p w
s ws ss 80% f smp
p.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 3030
o M 22, 2007 Pm Ms ps
rp Pp [2004-07], w s
m mss pf . hw,
pfm f s
2008-09 ws bk w s p
w js b 1.6% s,
w f 21.7% f gdP 2003-04
sp 17.8% 2007-08. g
w f s fm p bs
f s spp s s ss [,
w fm pw] sk f b b
ps’ psp s f ps. W
w b 2.5%
p m s 10 s, p
p w f m f fm ss
s js b 1%.
Way Forward
Productivity : dsp i s s
ks s ms f b
f ms f k
ps s 20-40% f w’s bs
s. ts sfs s mp
fm p fm sms
sf fm’s psp s
s pss. i s w
p b 30 m s 40%
b p p s f
. ts b b b
s p bw p s
f p s. t S-ws
p f p bw p
p & f s
f w, -f p , -f [sw
w ] B s sw
tb.
P f ps b s
sbs b b m;
sf sm fs,
sbs S f a a-m,p m f
wss; s s
s p-b f fms
b p bw p
s s f -f
fm ssms; s
ss, m- ssm,
s ,
ps mm q, mp-bs
Table 1
State-wise percentage of yield gap between the production potential yield &
actual yield at field leel
Wheat Crop % Yield Gap State %Yield Gap State %Yield Gap
S Ws B 19.40 Jk 105.30
Ms 155.50 Pjb 6.10 u Ps 67.20
B 104.80 P cp i r
hm P 89.60 r-f up J & K 285.80
M P 84.30 csg 157.00 u Ps 222.40
uk 80.50 u Ps 86.40 B 2220.10
u Ps 50.50 Jk 35.20 gj 195.30
gj 50.50 r-f Sw w csg 169.40
rjs 41.30 assm 194.70 uk 98.20
h 19.80 csg 144.20
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Kurukshetra March 2011 3 131
m k ss ps ,
fm mz, m ss
k. S mmz m
s pbms f
fs, s s b s
b p s , f
w s s mm b d
Swm. a uss icar
ss k s sk fm s
sf sf twf F
y P. n cmmss Fms
s m mms f -m
s fms’ pbms -f
-p s. imm s
ffss f mpm
f mms mmms m
Pm nmb
2007 sp f
n P f Fms,
bs ncF’s f
sbm ob 2006
t p bw
s
pp s
s ms fm
ssms b
b m , m
m ss ff s
rs.25,000 b rs
Ks vks yj b -f
s.
t pm f ‘50,000 Pss oss
vs’ -f s b f
f 2010-11 b s b mpm
ssm pp k p,
p p, pm smp
s s Pss oss
Mss f 1980s.
t mpm f ‘Pss vs’
sm s s s f p
p p . t
mp f s
s f kp, p p, m, ,
pss Pss & oss
vs Pm sf b p
f b f m s f pss bw
m spp. ts ps q ss
w w ps s
f s. c-m
b, ps m s f.t
c S s s p pss
ps k jw, mz, bj, ,
ms sf f bsk.
imp f pss ss, w ws
mp pm, s bm pm
f. is mp,
b p
fm fms, m
mp sm fms,
s s f w
b p spp
ps m
fms s pss
ss, s
b mps b w
f sp s mp.
ts sssf b p bw
p s b pss,
ss sw -f s. .
Support Prices: as mks b mss
k p sb b spps
f fm p spp ps f ,
fms, b f
s i ms s.
t spp p s mk
msm b f ss f p
f pmp pms fms
pm p. Spp ps
As markets by themselvesare unlikely to provide stable
and reliable supplies of farm produce, support prices
for agriculture have beenconnuing for decades
in India and in most
advanced countries.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 3232
m s ms. i ff ms
fms fm w b
ps.
t spp ps s b ps
mk q sms fm s bs p mk ms
mp. t f spp ps s
mp pf ms f fms s s p
m s p-s -mmz
ps s s s s fws, mk
w sms pssb. ts, f, s
f m s s f
spp p msm mk fm
f ssb ps,
w f f sbss fm. t n
cmmss Fms’ mm
Mmm Spp P
bs c-2 [ s
f p] ps 50%
s fs s
b mpm
s b s
s s .
Storage: F bs
s w s. S
fms p
f f 1.2 b m
bs b
fm ms b b s
s s, m jsfs
p s b s sf.
t s mk s ff
p-sm-f s pfb
s fm f bks
ws s
s . a
F Ms’s p 2007-08, Fci
s sp s s f 217.41
k s [129.48 k s w 87.93
k s ] w c Ws
cp s sp s 193.42 k s
w b . i , 509 k s f s b
s w fs sp Pss
s fs q f 250 m
s f f s 300 m s f fs
bs ps-s sss
mp f sf. F s s
ssms s b mz p s
& ps fs. P msm bw
p ps-s s
. Sf s, mk
pm ps b
. a f -m
s fs ms b w
f .
Chinese Storage System: i s s, c’s
ssm f f p,
pm, s &
s w s
m. t
cs s p
s wss qm
jmp S
ams f gs[Sag]. i mps s-f-
-, m- [sp-
-k, , b
sp--sp], m
smss pb f 2000 s
p . t mz p
gz, w mp-
fm 100,000- s, s pf f c’s
s fs ps, f b
s, W Bk sss sps.
t sm s fm fm-bs sf
s s-f-- sz
bs Bj. c s ps
176,000 & s wkf
s -p s fms
s ps. gs ff
According to the Food Ministry’s
annual report 2007-08, FCI
has space to store grains to
the extent of 217.41 lakh
tons [129.48 lakh tons owned
and 87.93 lakh tones hired]
while Central WarehousingCorporaon has space to store
193.42 lakh tons owned by it.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 3 333
m f p s ss
b s f sms’ . t
ssm s f b pb s ps
pss f fm- m-
mm.
c, w f s m f f
f b- w, ps
b 520 m s f w &
s b sppm b mp
ms. c ps
ss 150 200 m s. i ps
s fm p ps
S ps b ps, w
p s . P
s , pk
mk b b 3000
p s mps,
ms f w S
spp p ,
mk s. P
ss pm
ws ps.
F m ssm
s cs Sag, S g lbs g Ss oz,
Bj. t ssm mpss s-f--
mm d, B
cp ss, gm g
S e cmp p
s ws f S & gz
Processing: ap f ff ps-
s s fm p
fm sf q q
sss. t m .
t s mp f s
f fs bs, m f
f f pss Fs bs
f kp p bsks w
p ms f m bm
b . t f p p
s, s ks w
pp s sp
mps f 40%
css. ts s fw b p b
ssms. P f s
pm pss, ws
p bs f s
pss fs s m w ’s
w -.
M pss s b
-s s f k p-
fs f bs, msp
s fs. o b
f f
sf ss b
sf mp
b mp
ms
mk s ss
f sss.
rq sm
ms b m p
fs f pk,
ss, f sp ssms,
ws fs .
F ss s b fm
w pp f sks
s s fms, s ws, ms,
sps, wss, s, r
F iss, s
mps. ifm s s ss f
ffs. W f
s p bs f
s spf ps.
(The author is Ex-Deputy General Manager,
Bank of Baroda, Currently International
Consultant, Kazakhstan, e-mail: amrit_rpatel@
yahoo.com)
Adopon of ecient post-
harvest technology can save
farm produce from signicant
quantave and qualitave
losses. They are handled
manually and roughly.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 3434
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Kurukshetra March 2011 3 535
t u ns s 2010 s
i y f Bs m
s pb wss b
bs fm mk s mp
sqs m s b
s s f sps
. t un s pm M 22 s i d f B Bs
s s wss f
bs sss.
t ms 3 m 100 m
sps b f s
1,435,662 b f. i s
sm e s m f ppm
240,000 sps f ps f w b
5,000 b f s. ts s
s 1,500 f ps. Bs p-
ps sm, s ss
ps b 375 sps f fs, 280 f
bs, 80 f bs/ ps, 60
f b fws ss/s. Ps,mk, b , s p 25 30
f ps, z., w, , mz, b, s,
sm, ms, sb, bs, p, kp,
p, b, s, m, s,
ss, p, sw p, ms, f s
ps fw bs sps
z. , w mz p 60 p
f f mk.
Role of Biodiversity in Food SecurityDr. Harender Raj Gautam
It is estimated that the Earth is home of approximately 240,000 species of plants of which only about
5,000 have been carefully studied. This diversity includes 1,500 food plants.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 3 737
pp s bs f
fq f m s pss
k m bs. am ss
f bs ss fm
f b, p f
ss, p, m ssps.
g i s s
p f m s pm
f s s, s w s
mb f ps s
w. ts fs s mj ss
f ss f p s. i s,
pm f mp m p
s f mj mm ps s
sf mp mp f s
p. o ms, ss ps fz s
mp - s ,
sm ss, ss m ,
w m .
i s s p s
sk w s p m
pp. i s m 17 m-s
s s f 70 p f
w’s bs. i s m f
34 ‘b bs sps’, b
s f s s s. i’sbs s f mms m, ,
s s p f
s f . t -ssm ss fm
fs wss f w mj m
s- hms Ws gs-
spp s m pp -
mb fs ps b sm
b w $ 200 m .
t bs s ss
m s. i ps sf
psss s s pf f w , p, bsp f b b
s p f, w spp,
ps , f s
bsp f f m
s wss. cs f bs
s p mm f b
ss w s s s w s
s spp, m q,
s. i s i y f
Bs, w fs ps f
sps . t s f
p f s p
mm. o fs s b ps f s f f ps, f
ps, mb s, sk, ms
w ss. i , bs f w s
w sps f, b, s s
s s b f, sf
p. i w ps
ms s s b . t fs f
s s b s,
zs gms k mm
sps bs ss. gb,
s b s bw sk s f
sps b k ps 2010 p.
t s sp p ffs
m sss bs mpm
m mss ps s
s. t pb p bs
s p s s
s $ 2 b p m. Ws,
p s f bs,
b s bw $ 8 10 b. ts
ffs mm. W ss b
s m s ps.
ts b fm pp f pj m w p f
2010 s s $ 1.4 . t s
k b f sms, w
w w s f f mk
s.
Bs s b b
b b fm f ws . i ms
m fm w bs w
bs f. t s f
i y f Bs s “Bs
s f. Bs s f.” W kp
m bs s ’s s p
s sss.
(The author is Senior Scientist, Department
of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Dr.Y.S.Parmar
University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,
Solan-173230, Himachal Pradesh, e-mail: hrg_
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Kurukshetra March 2011 3838
t q f Ksm s b bk
m fw ms ps fw
ms b sms pbm
b s s s ms pp. a
mj k f s Pwm, Sp,
Qz, t Pm s f S
Ksm w s s f b
s f
k f -- ps. Ppp ss
‘cs ‘Fkk’s p b w
s. i s q m ps s
s js s p ss s
bk m f b. i w w
m.
W s m, fs s
fs mks b s
s mj s i.
t qs s w s s pp
s f m s? t
f pm ppp p ks
f psp s s ff S
18 f n ds Psp
Sbss (ndPS a) f 1985 psb p
s f s mpsm f
p rs. o lk. t s ps f
s s s s ff s psb S 15 f a.
ts a pss b c gm
w b p b
ff ss .
if S 10 f a mpws s
ms pm pssss
-S mm f pm, ppp sw,
mf f m pm
f bs (s).
Rid Kashmir from the menace of‘Charas’
Zeenat Zeeshan Fazil
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Kurukshetra March 2011 3 939
i Ksm w s pp s
.y b
fs f spp b
s, s s, bs pwf
s. t s ps
s p w ks f s ps b fs
mm ss b s bs.
a ajm hss, Pj M,
a a i m s
fm ms ss ps w.
t m s ss, fms m
p. opm, bs(s) s
ps w s s
s f m s p fs
s bs , ss
s . t p s ppssps cps
k m. Ms f ps
pp f f w
mfs s f s f bs
ps p .
i Ksm, s S P w s
f ms f ndPS a, s
s s k S es
ds c dpm. usb s
mz f ps b w ms pb
k pss ws
w ssb s f mm
f . ls s “t sms s
pms f ffs w b
sm f sbss f-
ks s”.
Ss s s
smms es ffs m
q f ‘s’
‘fkk’ b s s m ws p
f mj qs f w pss . t s bs m b
m s .
P p p, sm
p, s ffs sz f
p f sbs
ws. g mm f
ff, p ks ms f
, ss bk b sm f ,
w bm mpssb p
. a ff f es mp s
“f p ff w
bs f ‘fkk’ w k 640 pp bs m b sp
s s. W b k k
2 m, b f s
sbs 7 pm.”a
cmmss es, g a P “o jb s
f s pss
ps.” h, w, bs
p fm b ss pssb
sm f sbss p
m.
g mp s sf mfb s bw ff
ps , w b sp s
s ? o b spp p
pss w w fms fm
s . c s b
p?
Pps -f w w
p ff w b bk
bss, p f w fms
p f s ‘s’ f
ss l m bm w f p
zs s p s s p.
W sm ff m qs,
s f w s b s
f p f s s w w
m f ws b bs
m f s.
t s f ‘cs’ m
ps, m ps f w pp
s. i b s f fw p k
B ss. a m ww fms f Ksm fm s
m ff spps ss
m s f s w b
wm b s w f ps
m f.
(Charkha Features)
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Kurukshetra March 2011 4040
a s Mm G n r
empm g a (Mgnrega)mp v s s s fm
ap a Ps 2 Fb
2006, s m p s s
f ms f p gg v
pps. W s sp v 625 ss
ss , pm gsp pgm
f uPa Gvm s s pv,
s ps pw, sss
mg p f b sss
i.
Objecve
t bj f a s enhance the
lielihood security of people in rural areas by
guaranteeing 100 days of wage-employment
in a financial year to a rural household whose
adult members volunteer to do unskilled
manual work. ts wks w
s, pf, ,
pm, j f w
bs, f wk,
wk f Sc/St/BPl/
iay bfs/ fm bfs/
sm m fms.
Enhancing the Bargaining Power of theRural Poor-Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
B. K. Sinha
As the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) completes five years
since its launch from Anantapur in Andhra Pradesh on 2nd February 2006, it has made deep inroads
into the lives of millions of rural poor generating livelihood opportunities. With its spread over 625
districts across the country, the premier flagship program of the UPA Government has raised the
productivity, increased the purchasing power, reduced distress migration and helped in creation of
durable assets in rural India.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 4 141
Highlights
• empm p 4.1 ss
2010-11 p d.10.
• Wm s 50% w S css
f 23 %, S tbs 17% f
wks Mm g nrega
2010-11.
• W s b 17-30% b k
w csm P i f a
b bss f rs. 100
w , w s s
ap 1,2009
• a 9.38 s f Mm
g nrega bfs p
ps ffs/bks b f
s.
• a f fs f 2010-11 s rs.
40,100 .
• W csv, g
pm f 75 % f wk
k p 2010-11
• o 68 k wks k p Mgnrega
s f.
New Iniaves
Enhancement of MGNREGA wage rates
by 17-30 % b k w csm p
f b bss
f rs. 100 w , w s
s ap 1s, 2009. t w w s w
m fm J 1,2011 g
p w s Mgnrega
ps m ss.
Wage disbursement to Mahatma Gandhi
NREGA workers through Banks/Post Oce accounts
s b m m. a 9.38 bk/ps
s v b p s f.
On line Monitoring : Jb s, ms s,
w pms, mb f s f mpm
pv wks x v b p
p wbs www... f m
s pb ss f fm.
District Level Ombudsman: S p
mps fm Mm g nrega
wks s ms, s
s mps f sps
w w.
Social Audits made mandatory: gm
Ps b sk z S
as s ms. rps S
as p Mgnrega wbs. 73 %gm Ps p k
S as 2010-11 s f.
Naonal Level Monitors (NLMs)Visit: 37
n v M w p 37 ss
15 ss f sp m f pm.
Eminent Cizen Monitors: 61 em
czs v b s f s p
gs f Sm f p
m. i s pps s p p f
100 em cz Ms rp
pss f sm. Vigilance and Monitoring
commiees (V&MCs) at State and District leve
b -s f v mg f
mpm f pgm.
Naonal Helpline for receipt of complaints:
t f n hp 1800110707 s b
s p f p f wks ms
s a. ts s b m ct
b k w S ds l
hps.
State Helplines: h, hm Ps,
Jk, Kk, K, M Ps,
Mg, oss, Skkm, u Ps,
uk, Ws Bg, G, am
nb iss . s p s
ps.
Partnership with Unique Idencaon
Development Authority of India (UIDA): Mm
G nreGa s bg w uida. B
g q f v
pss w m p jb s, s
bs w fg s bk
pg, kg mb f bs sg b mg f ssm.
Construcon of Bharat Nirman Rajiv Gandhi
Sewa Kendra: gm P Bws gm
P bk : i s pmssb
v a. us f msv
f 6% Sm s b pm f
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Kurukshetra March 2011 4242
pvs f s ict fs Gm Ps
(BnrgSK) w pmssb ms f S
gm sbj ps.
Enlarging the scope of works permied:
Wks pvs f g f,
p vpmfs pv w b Scs Sts
bw pv fms (BPl)s b pm
a. gm Ps w pp
wk ps b sk s wks
s f Sc / St BPl v s p.
Work under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA in Naxal
aected States: u gm s ss
ss x Ss (a
Ps, B, csg, Jk, M
Ps, Ms, oss u Ps)
sf wss g mpg
m ss, ss f jb s,mpmg s mb f wks
m pm f wgs.
Convergence: gs b p
f f Mm g nregS
w Sms sp pgms. 150
vg p pjs v b s
23 ss mg f n is
f r dpm.
Business Correspondent Model : ap
rjs w p f c Bk f i
s m pm f wgs wks.
Strengthening Monitoring Mechanisms: a
Pfss is nwk (Pin) s b
s, g iits, iiMs, aSci, iiPa, iiFM
g vss pfss
ss, f g spp Mm G
nrega mp ssssm
m pps.
Management and Administrave support f
s , ss ict fs
s b s.
t sps k Mm g nrega ps s sp b
w s m mk
v sm f pv v
s w & pm. (PiB
Fs)
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Kurukshetra March 2011 4 343
PERFORMANCE OF THE MAHATMA GANDHI NREGA (Naonal Overview)
FEATURES (FY 2006-07)
200 Districts
(FY 2007-08)
330 Districts
(FY 2008-09)
615 Districts
(FY 2009-10)
619 Districts
(FY 2010-11)
625 Districts
Till Dec.,2010
empm p ss: 2.10 c 3.39 c 4.51 c 5.26 c 4.10
Persondays [in Lakhs]:
Total: 90.5 143.59 216.32 283.59 145
Scs: 22.95 [25%] 39.36 [27%] 63.36 [29%] 86.45 [30%] 32.65
[23 %]
Sts: 32.98 [36%] 42.07[29%] 55.02 [25%] 58.74 [21%] 24.83
[17%]
Wm: 36.40 [40%] 61.15 [43%] 103.57 [48%] 136.4 [48%] 72.93
[50%]
os: 34.56 [38%] 62.16 [43%] 97.95 [45%] 138.40 [49%] 87.52[60%]
Budget Outlay: (i rs c) 11300 12000 30000 39,100 40,100
Central Release
(i rs. c.)
8640.85 12610.39 29939.60 33506.61
24601.98
Total aailable fund
[including OB: (i rs. c)
12073.55 19,305.81 37397.06 49579.19 39594.54
Expenditure (i rs. c.) 8823.35 15856.89 27250.10 37905.61 20854.46
Expenditure on wages
(i rs. c.)
5842.37 [66%] 10738.47
[68%]
18200.03
[67%]
25579.32
[70%]
14316.36
[71%]
a W p (i rs.)
rs. 65 rs.75 rs.84 rs.90 rs.99
Total works taken up
(i lks):
8.35 17.88 27.75 46.17 68.60
Works break up:
W sv: 4.51 [54%] 8.73 [49 %] 12.79 [46%] 23.43
[51%]
34.20
[50%]
Pvs f ig f
w b Sc/St/ BPl
iay bs:
0.81 [10%] 2.63 [15 %] 5.67 [20%]
7.73 [17%]
8.04
[12%]
r cv: 1.80 [21%] 3.08 [17 %] 5.03 [18%] 7.64 [17%] 14.73[21%]
l dpm: 0.89 [11%] 2.88 [16%] 3.98 [ 15%]
B nm rj
g Sw K wks
k
18232
(The author is Secretary, Ministry of Rural Development)
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Kurukshetra March 2011 4444
B ms s
mm ssms, ss ss
b . h
b. h pp s, m p m b
pps bk
f p . B s
pm p p
ms b q f f.
Fs s sp mp p
w. i sm f as’s ps s
(Bs, cmb) pp s m
s 75% f p fm s. i Ws
af s s f 30% f m p
k, s mb w b f
p b m.
a p js mp
, s f, sss s
s s b, kwsk; -
s k bs mbsm, s mm ssm
sss s s ss, bs,
spss.
t s mj sss f s:
bs, fs, b, ms, ps,
ms, w. ts sss b
z s ms (
v g ms) ms (
sm qs). t ms
bs, f, b, ps, w. t
ms ms ms.
FISH – A GOOD SOURCE OFNUTRITION
- Amita Saxena and C.D. Sharma
Fish is important in the developing world. In some of Asia’s poorest countries (Bangladesh,
Cambodia) people derive as much as 75% of their daily protein from fish. In West Africa fish
accounts for 30% of animal protein intake, and this number would be larger if the poor could
afford to buy more.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 4 545
t ms (xg b
w) p , w s ms js
ks ( “cs” w
w p c sgs m fm gm
s). cbs ps p 17 kJ
(4 k) f p m, w fs p 37
kJ (9 k) p gm. Vms, ms, b,
w p , b ss f
ss.
Ms f bs fs
ss f cb, h, o ms.
cbs fm smp mss
(s, fs, s) mp
pss (s). Fs s,
m f s f mms b
. Sm f s, b , ss
: b ssz
b. P ms ms
ms f bs
fs. t - mms f
p m s , sm
ss m s. t ff m s
mbsm; w s
s f, f ps b
ks.
o ms s
pms.
Ms fs m f sm
f sss. Sm s
q , w s
s. P b s b
Illnesses caused by improper nutrient consumpon
Nutrients Deciency Excess
e Sv ,sv obs ,bs, s sss,
Smp bs dbs ms, bs
S f w s m s cs sss
F Mbsp f F-sb vms, cs sss (m b sm)
om 3 Fs cs sss B, hms
om 6 Fs cs sss, ,
cs cs sss (m b m)
P kwsk rbb sv
Sm hpm hpm, ps
i am css sss
i g, psm i (, psm)
vm axpm n Bss, w
ss shpmss a (ss, ss)
vm B1 B-B
vm B2 ckg f sk c u
n P dspps, ms, b fs
vm B12 Ps am
vm c S s
vm d rkshpvmss d (, vmg,
sp)
vm e s sshpvmss e (g: xssv
b)
vm K hm
cmospss, ,pp
spsm,spsm, ms
Fg, pss, fs, x, s,
vmg, sp s
Msm hps Wkss, s, vmg, mp bg,
Pssm hpkm, ms hpkm pp
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Kurukshetra March 2011 4646
mb f s, w ss
f.
Mental disorders
n sppm m m
b ppp f mj pss, bp,szp, bsss mps
s, f ms mm m
ss p s. Sppms
b s ms f m
sbz sp
s ( f w
m-3 f fs , b
fs ), mB12, f ,
s.
Cancer
c s w mm p
s. ag s b
a f s ., “i p
w, s f , sm sps
w m mm, k smp
f ps fs, s s smk
s f, ps fs k
s.” l s s p
p s bs f s s f b.
dp s “ s k
‘Ws fs’ — s f
, m, bs ps — b s b bs, k f s,
Hyponatremia
ess w k, w psm f
sm pssm ss, s pm,
w f w
m s s. a w-pbz s
2007, w Jf S
w pp w-k s.
M s, s -s
s (s s m mp ) ss
m , , wsss, wkss,
fs; m ss m s m,
ss, . t pm m
ms fm sw f b, s b
s smss s b s ss.
eff f pm qs
W ss / s,
s p w m ms s
s S s s s cm Bks w
p w f ps.
FISH AND MACRONUTRIENTS
Proteins
Ps mp f w
pm f b, m
pg f w sss f p
f zms ms q f m
b psss. t mp f s
p s s p f b
s w m. i ps s s
sv s js f pmg ss
q vs sv s.
o fs-wg bss, s s gq f p, b 18-20%, s
g ss m s g
sp- s, m,
s. as ms mz-bs s k
s mps, ss af
p mz g b b sg
s smp. Fs s mpms
ss-bs s w w
p.
Fats
t f f s vs pg sps s w s ss b, ,
s v ss f ms. t f
s fm 0.2% 25%. hw, fs fm
f s sps ps
f s (PuFas) m ePa (sp
) dha (s ) (m
3 f s) w ss f pp
w f ss w
f s sss s
ss. i p wm,
ps f PuFas s s bss w pp b pm m
b bbs. i ss, mg 3 f
s s b ss w
sk f pm w b w.
t f s bs spps
ssss pp bsp f f sb
ms m a, d, e, K.
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Kurukshetra March 2011 4 747
FISH AND MICRONUTRIENTS
vitamins
Fs s s f vms, p
ms a d fm f sps, s w s
m, bv (vms B1, B2
B3). Vm a fm s s m
b b fm p fs.
vm a s q f m s f
b gw. F s s m vm
a sps. Ss sw
m s f v w
m a ss. as s ss
ms f vb vm a b pssg
ms q ps s m.
Vm d ps s v s
s f b gw s s ss
f bsp mbsm f m.tm, bv mp
f g mbsm. if fs, s s
s vm c w s mp
f pp f ws, m f
b sss s bsp f
m b.
Minerals
t ms ps s
, m, z, (fm m s),
psps, sm . ts
ms ‘bb’ m s bsb b b. i s
mp sss f mb
b s w s mp f spg
xg ps b. i s
ss w m, mp b f
fs s ss w p
b p b. d s
mm ssm, s m s b
ss w s sk f f.
cm s q f s bs
(fm mz) f
m fg f mss vsssm. i s s mp b g
pss. vm d s q f s pp
bsp. t k f m, psps
s g w sm s
w bs w s
bs s. d f m m
b ss w ks
sm (sg f bs) s
pp. F s s mp fs bs .
Z s q f ms b pssss s g w ps ss
zms q f mbsm. Z ps mp w pm sw pp fg f mm
ssm f sk. Z s
ss w p w, sk pbms ss f m pbms.
i, ps sf, s mp fms b mbsm s q f w mm vpm. a f m
( ) m .
i s v s b m pp’s s js qp s w kw f. Fs sf b mp f ,pvg m b mkg s m-
m-s b b.
t am h ass mms
s mg-3 f s w
wk p sp bs.
t am d ass ds
f c: Wm’s h n ps
pp sggss smg w s msp wk, w w-f , f .ag s ’ g mg-3s, s
b mp ms f s f
s f ’ .
Fs ss x ss f
p w f. a 3- ksvg f ms s ss pvs b 20
ms f p, b f mm p k. t p s s f g q, g b
f ss m s, s v gsb f
pp f s. Sf s s w f s bf, p pk. Sfs s w ms s s , z m ( s w s, b bs).
(The authors are from College of sheries
Science, G.B.P. Univ. of Agriculture & Technology,
Pantnagar (U. S. Nagar) Uarakhand. 263145,
e-mail: [email protected])
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Kurukshetra March 2011 4848
FORM Iv
(See Rule)
1. P f Pb : d
2. P : M
3. P’s nm : Sm. a Mj S
w z f i? : ys
(f f, s f )
ass : Pbs dvs
Ms f ifm &
Bsg, S
Bw, cgo cmp,
nw d – 110 003
4. Pbs’s nm : Sm. a Mj S
W z f i? : ys ass : a d G
(ig), Pbs dvs,
Ms f ifm & Bsg,
S Bw, cgo
cmp , nw d – 110 003
5. e’s nm : Kp Km
w z f i? : ys
(f f, s f )
ass : Kks (es),
rm n. 661, ‘a’ W,
nm Bw,
nw d – 110 011
6. nm sss f s w : P pbs b
ow nwspp ps Sm. av Mj Sg, a
Ss m p d g (i),
f cp. Pbs dvs, Ms f
i & B, g. f i, S Bw,
nw d – 110 003
i, av Mj Sg, b ps gv bv bs f m kw bf.
-S/
(Arind Manjit Singh)
Publisher
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