Kush: Expansion of EgyptKush: Expansion of Egypt

Sub-Saharan Africa; Flourished along the Sub-Saharan Africa; Flourished along the Upper NileUpper Nile

Independent Kingdom, hieroglyphics from Independent Kingdom, hieroglyphics from Egypt, mastered use of IronEgypt, mastered use of Iron

Defeated by Axum around 300 BCE.Defeated by Axum around 300 BCE. Falls to Ethiopia. Christian Kingdom.Falls to Ethiopia. Christian Kingdom. Active trade with Mediterranean worldActive trade with Mediterranean world Ghana becomes first state in the SaharaGhana becomes first state in the Sahara

JapanJapan People migrated to Japan from the Korean People migrated to Japan from the Korean

peninsula over a 200,000year period, ending peninsula over a 200,000year period, ending in 200 C.E.in 200 C.E.

Organized into tribes with their own chiefs Organized into tribes with their own chiefs and god. and god.

Skilled with agriculture, fishing and ironworkSkilled with agriculture, fishing and ironwork Shintoism—Indigenous to Japan. Worship of Shintoism—Indigenous to Japan. Worship of

political rulers and spirits—especially rice.political rulers and spirits—especially rice.

Northern EuropeNorthern Europe

Loosely organized in regional kingdoms.Loosely organized in regional kingdoms. No written language, agriculture primitive No written language, agriculture primitive

combined with huntingcombined with hunting Scandinavians developed their sailing skills, Scandinavians developed their sailing skills,

used for tradingused for trading

AmericasAmericas Olmecs developed and spread an early Olmecs developed and spread an early

civilizationcivilization Based on agriculture, expanding the early Based on agriculture, expanding the early

cultivation of corncultivation of corn Developed in isolation from the rest of the Developed in isolation from the rest of the

world. Disappear around 400 BCE.world. Disappear around 400 BCE. Development of Incas in South America.Development of Incas in South America. Successors build Teotihuacan. Set base for Successors build Teotihuacan. Set base for

Mayas.Mayas.

ChinaChina

Confucian intellectual activity became less creativeConfucian intellectual activity became less creative Central government’s control diminished; bureaucrats Central government’s control diminished; bureaucrats

became more corrupt, and local landlords took up much became more corrupt, and local landlords took up much of the slack ruling according to own wishesof the slack ruling according to own wishes

The Olmecs: Central America. 800 to 400 BCE. The Olmecs: Central America. 800 to 400 BCE. Isolation from the rest of the world.Isolation from the rest of the world.

Asiatic Huns: 200-600 CE the Asiatic Huns conducted Asiatic Huns: 200-600 CE the Asiatic Huns conducted attacks that led to the decline of all three classical attacks that led to the decline of all three classical civilizations. Came into Italy and invaded Rome, civilizations. Came into Italy and invaded Rome, Overthrow the Guptas and topple the Chinese dynasty.Overthrow the Guptas and topple the Chinese dynasty.

    

ChinaChina Deteriorates—central gov. declines. Deteriorates—central gov. declines.

Bureaucracy corrupt.Bureaucracy corrupt. Yellow Turbans weaken emperor. Yellow Turbans weaken emperor. Civil War and social unrest. Unable to push Civil War and social unrest. Unable to push

back Nomads.back Nomads. Epidemics killed up to half the population…Epidemics killed up to half the population…

led to three centuries of chaos.led to three centuries of chaos. 66thth century it recovers from serious setbacks, century it recovers from serious setbacks,

but does not have to reinvent the civilizationbut does not have to reinvent the civilization

IndiaIndia

Gupta empire destroyed by Hun Invasions, Gupta empire destroyed by Hun Invasions, many of the invaders were integrated into many of the invaders were integrated into the warrior caste forming a new ruling the warrior caste forming a new ruling group of regional princes (Rajput).group of regional princes (Rajput).

Regional princes prevailed emphasizing Regional princes prevailed emphasizing military power. Muslim rulers from the military power. Muslim rulers from the outside partially conquest.outside partially conquest.

India’s culture does withstand attack, along India’s culture does withstand attack, along with the caste systemwith the caste system

RomeRome

Political confusion produced a series of weak Political confusion produced a series of weak emperors—No succession.emperors—No succession.

A series of plagues that swept over the empire and A series of plagues that swept over the empire and resulted in the population declining from 1 million resulted in the population declining from 1 million to 250,000 and subsequently economic life to 250,000 and subsequently economic life worsened and the military numbers deteriorated. worsened and the military numbers deteriorated.

Weakens economic lifeWeakens economic life Mercenaries from GermanyMercenaries from Germany Entertainment/Pleasure instead of work/babiesEntertainment/Pleasure instead of work/babies

RomeRome

Constantine ruled the Roman Empire from Constantine ruled the Roman Empire from 312 to 337 C.E.312 to 337 C.E.

He experimented with new methods of He experimented with new methods of control, set up a second capital city, control, set up a second capital city, Constantinople, to regulate the eastern half Constantinople, to regulate the eastern half of the empire more efficiently. He also of the empire more efficiently. He also tried to use Christianity to unify the empire tried to use Christianity to unify the empire spiritually, extending its toleration and spiritually, extending its toleration and adopting it as his own faith.adopting it as his own faith.

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

The eastern part of the Roman Empire The eastern part of the Roman Empire stays. Civilization more entrenched and stays. Civilization more entrenched and less pressure from invaders.less pressure from invaders.

Language is Greek but maintains Language is Greek but maintains authoritarian tone of the late Roman rulersauthoritarian tone of the late Roman rulers

It was vibrant, artistically creative and It was vibrant, artistically creative and active in trade.active in trade.

BuddhismBuddhism

Buddhism was altered more substantially as Buddhism was altered more substantially as it traveled beyond India’s borders.it traveled beyond India’s borders.

Expansion and leadership was lead by Expansion and leadership was lead by monks (dedicate life to spiritual growth). monks (dedicate life to spiritual growth). Expands to China, Korea, and JapanExpands to China, Korea, and Japan

ChristianityChristianity

Plays a direct role in the formation of Plays a direct role in the formation of Europe postclassical civilizations.Europe postclassical civilizations.

Characterized by its emphasis on church Characterized by its emphasis on church organization and structure, copying from organization and structure, copying from the example of the Roman Empire itself.the example of the Roman Empire itself.

Missionary activity and widespread Missionary activity and widespread conversionsconversions

Stressed its possession of exclusivity and its Stressed its possession of exclusivity and its intolerance of competing beliefs.intolerance of competing beliefs.

ChristianityChristianity

Jesus of Nazareth, believed by Christians to Jesus of Nazareth, believed by Christians to be the son of God sent to earth to redeem be the son of God sent to earth to redeem human sin, crystallized the radical reform human sin, crystallized the radical reform movement that was early Christianitymovement that was early Christianity

Jesus preached widely in Israel and Jesus preached widely in Israel and gathered a group of loyal disciples around gathered a group of loyal disciples around him. him.

IslamIslam

Began in the early 7Began in the early 7thth century and would century and would rival Christianity as a world faith. rival Christianity as a world faith.

Reduces the hold of animism in Asia and Reduces the hold of animism in Asia and Europe.Europe.