kvixwik ea©b i wekvk - bangladesh open · pdf file• cöviw¤¢k...

kvixwiK ea©b I weKvk Physical Growth and Development

f‚wgKv wkï‡K h_vh_ fv‡e wk¶v w`‡Z n‡j Zvi mvwe©K ea©b I weKvk cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© wk¶‡Ki my¤úô Ávb _vKv ìKvi| ˆkk‡ei AwfÁZv Ges weKv‡ki aviv fwel¨‡Zi Dci Qvqv †d‡j| wk¶v_©x‡ì MVbgyjK GB mgq m¤ú‡K© Ávb wk¶‡Ki Rb¨ LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq| cÖ_gZ wk¶v_©xi fwel¨r weKvk wbqš¿‡b I cwiPvjbvq Zvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv _v‡K| wØZxqZ AZxZ weKvk I NUbv m¤ú‡K© Ávb wk¶v_©x‡K eyS‡Z mnvqZv K‡i Ges me©‡k‡l wk¶v`vb Kv‡R wZwb A‡bK wkïi ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡eb hv‡ì cÖ_g ch©v‡q weKvk e¨vnZ n‡q‡Q Ges hv‡ì Amyweav¸‡jv yi Kivi Rb¨ my`¶ mvnvh¨ I cwiPvjbv cÖ‡qvRb| G mg Í wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b wk¶‡Ki Rb¨ wk¶v_©x‡ì weKvkaviv I weKvk c‡_ cÖwZeÜKZv BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Acwinvh©| wk¶vKv‡j wk¶v_©xi wewfbœ AvPi‡Yi Kvh©-KviY Zvi ea©b I weKvk cÖwµqvq wbwnZ| wk¶K hv‡Z wk¶v_©xi RxebweKv‡ki wewfbœ Íi I wewfbœ Í‡ii mvwe©K weKvk †hgb kvixwiK, mvgvwRK, gvbwmK I Av‡ewMK m¤ú‡K© fvjfv‡e Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib †mRb¨ Avgiv wewfbœ eq‡mi wewfbœ w`‡Ki weKvk m¤ú‡K ch©vq µ‡g Av‡jvPbv Kie| GB BDwb‡U wkïi kvixwiK weKvk m¤ú‡K Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡e| GB BDwbU‡K Av‡jvPbvi myweav‡_© QqwU cv‡V fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|

BDwbU 3

cvV - 1 Rxeb weKv‡ki Íi I kvixwiK weKvk cvV - 2 kvixwiK weKvk t ˆkkeKvj

cvV - 3 †ckx mÂvjbg jK weKvk cvV - 4 kvixwiK weKvk t evj¨Kvj cvV - 5 kvixwiK weKvk t ˆK‡kviKvj cvV - 6 eqtmwÜKv‡j Abvjx MÖwš’mg~‡ni cÖfve

Bangladesh Open University

BDwbU 3 58

Rxeb weKv‡ki Íi I kvixwiK weKvk [Developmental Stage and Physical Development]

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb ♦ Rxeb weKv‡ki Íi¸wj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ wewfbœgyLx weKvk wK D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ kvixwiK weKvk Kq ai‡bi ej‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ kvixwiK weKv‡ki êwkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Rxeb weKv‡ki Íi wkï R‡b¥i ci Amnvq Ae ’vq _v‡K| me wKQyi Rb¨ Zv‡K ci gyLv‡c¶x n‡q _vK‡Z nq| R‡b¥i mv‡_ mv‡_ Rb¥cieZ©x weKvk cÖwµqv ïiæ nq| Rb¥ †_‡K gvby‡li Rxeb weKvk GK Awew”Qbœ avivq GwM‡q P‡j| mvgwMÖK fv‡e Rxeb weKv‡ki `xN© cÖwµqvi aviYv cvIqv KwVb e‡j g‡bvweÁvbxiv e¨w³i Rxeb weKvk‡K Abyaveb Kivi Rb¨ eqm I weKv‡ki êwkó¨ Abyhvqx G‡K K‡qKUv Í‡i wef³ K‡i‡Qb| Aek¨ GB wefvR‡b gZwe‡iva i‡q‡Q| †KD Rxeb‡K eqm Abyhvqx fvM K‡i‡Qb Avi †KD K‡i‡Qb wk¶vµg Abyhvqx| g‡bvweÁvbx wcKzbvm (J.Pikunas) gvby‡li Rxeb weKv‡ki aviv†K wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e wefvRb K‡ib

• cÖvK Rb¥ Íi (Prenatal stage) Mf©mÂvi †_‡K fzwgô nIqvi c~e© gyûZ©

• beRvZK Íi (Neonatal stage) R‡b¥i ci ‡_‡K 8 mßvn

• cÖviw¤¢K ˆkk‡ei Íi (Early Infancy) GK gvm †_‡K †ò eQi

• ˆkk‡ei †kl Íi (Late Infancy) †ò eQi †_‡K AvovB eQi

• cÖviw¤¢K evj¨ Íi (Early childhood) AvovB eQi †_‡K cvP eQi

• gva¨wgK evj¨ Íi (Middle childhood) cvP †_‡K bÕeQi

• †kl evj¨ Íi (Late childhood) bq eQi †_‡K evi eQi

• ‡hŠebvM‡gi Íi (Adolescence) evi †_‡K GKzk eQi

• cÖvß eq¯‹ Íi (Adulthood) GKzk †_‡K mËi eQi

• eva©K¨ (Senescence) mË‡ii c‡ii Rxeb Kvj| David P. Ausubel Zvi Theory and problems of child development eB-G cuvPwU Í‡ii K_v e‡j‡Qb • beRvZK Íi-Rb¥ †_‡K 4mßvn • ˆkke (Infancy) 4mßvn-2 eQi • cÖvK¯‹zj Íi ev ¯‹zj c~e© ch©vq (Pre-school period) 2-6 eQi • gaëvj¨Kvj (Middle childhood) 6-9 eQi

cvV 1


BDwbU 3 59

• cÖvK ˆK‡kvi (Pre-Adolescence) bq eQi †_‡K †hŠebvMg n‡q ˆK‡kvi ch©šÍ| weL¨vZ wk¶vwe` Av‡b©ó †Rvbm weKvkgvb Rxeb‡K Pvi Í‡i wef³ K‡i‡Qb

• ˆkke (Infancy) 5 eQi ch©šÍ

• evj¨ (childhood) evi eQi eqm ch©šÍ

• †hŠebvMgb (Adolescence) evi †_‡K AvVvi eQi ch©šÍ • cÖvß eqm|

cÖvK we`¨jq Íi (0-6), cÖv_wgK wk¶vi Íi (9-11), wbæ gva¨wgK Íi (12-14), Ges D”P gva¨wgK Íi (15-17)| wk¶vi Íi Abyhvqx Gfv‡eI †KD †KD Rxeb weKv‡ki Íi fvM K‡i‡Qb| Aek¨ G †¶‡ÎI gZ‰ØZZv Av‡Q| Avgiv †gvUvgywU fv‡e †Rvb‡mi †kªYx wefvM Abymi‡Y Aí cwieZ©b mv‡c†¶ RxebweKv‡ki Íi wefvRb Ki‡Z cvwi|

Rxeb weKv‡ki Íi n‡”Q wZbwU-

• ˆkke Kvj - Rb¥ †_‡K QÕeQi eqm ch©šÍ

• evj¨ Kvj - QÕ eQi †_‡K evi eQi chšÍ • ˆK‡kvi ev eqtmwÜ evi †_‡K AvVvi-Dwbk eQi eqm ch©šÍ|

Rxeb weKv‡ki GB wewfbœ Í‡i †h wewfbœ ai‡bi weKvk mvwaZ nq g¨vK‡MÖv I †Mvg‡ji g‡Z GB weKvk cÖwµqv Pvi iK‡gi h_v, ˆ`wnK, fvlvMZ, m½wZg~jK I mvgvwRK| Avgiv wewfbœ Í‡ii GB eûgyLx weKvk‡K PviwU avivq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvwi|

weKv‡ki aviv PviwU n‡”Q 1. kvixwiK weKvk 2. gvbwmK weKvk 3. mvgvwRK weKvk 4. Av‡ewMK weKvk|

kvixwiK weKvk kvixwiK weKvk yai‡bi| GKwU nj kix‡ii wewfbœ A½ cÖZ¨‡½i e„w× I weKvk| Ab¨wU nj wewfbœ A½ cÖZ¨‡½i Kv‡Ri weKvk ev mÂvjbg~jK weKvk| GB yB ai‡bi weKv‡ki mvnv‡h¨ wkïi cwic~b© kvixwiK weKvk mvwaZ nq| Ab¨vb¨ weKvk A_vr gvbwmK, mvgvwRK, Av‡ewMK weKvkI GB kvixwiK weKv‡ki Dci eûjvs‡k wbf©ikxj| wkïi kvixwiK weKv‡ki Dci hZ M‡elYv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki‡j kvixwiK weKv‡ki KZ¸‡jv êwkó¨ †`Lv hvq| êwkó¨ ¸‡jv nj

• cÖ‡Z¨K A½ cÖZ¨½ e„w× cvIqvi wbR¯ wbqg Av‡Q| weKv‡ki mvaviY wbqg Abyhvqx †`‡ni Dc‡ii As‡ki A½ cÖZ¨½ ¸‡jvi weKvk Av‡M nq wb¤œA½ ¸‡jvi weKvk c‡i nq|

kvixwiK weKv‡ki êwkó¨


BDwbU 3 60

• kvixwiK weKv‡ki GKwU Q›` Av‡Q| weKvk mKj Í‡i mgvb fv‡e nq bv| KLbI weKv‡ki nvi †ekx, KLbI Kg Avevi †ekx| Rb¥ †_‡K yB eQi eqm

ch©šÍ weKv‡ki nvi ªyZ nq Zvici K‡g hvq Avevi eqmwÜKv‡j nvi †e‡o hvq|

• mwµq I Kg©¶g nIqvi Av‡M wewfbœ A‡½i ea©b m¯úb© nq| †ckxgÛjxi h_vh_ eënv‡ii Av‡M Gi MVb m¯úb© nq| 7/8 eQi eq‡m gw Í®‹ c~b©Zv jvf K‡i wKš‘ ZLbI wkï wegyZ© wPšÍv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

• mvgwMÖK weKvk †_‡K we‡kl weKv‡ki w`‡K GwM‡q hvIqv n‡”Q weKv‡ki ag©| †hgb m~¶ †ckx mÂvj‡bi Av‡M e„nr †ckxi mÂvjb N‡U|

• mvavib I we‡kl ai‡bi weKvk Ges kix‡ii wewfbœ Kvh©vejxi weKv‡ki GKwU µgaviv Av‡Q| †hgb wkï K_v ejvi Av‡M KjK‚Rb K‡i, nuvUvi Av‡M nvgv †`q, wfZ‡ii `vu‡Zi Av‡M mvg‡bi `vuZ MRvq, mvgvwRK fvlv eënv‡ii Av‡M

AvZœ‡Kw› ªK fvlv eënvi K‡i Ges weg Z© wPšÍvi Av‡M g~Z© wPšÍvi ¶gZv cÖvß nq|

• †Kvb GKwU wkïi wewfbœ ai‡bi weKvk wewfbœ nv‡i n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb GKwU wkïi Zvi eq‡mi Zzjbvq j¤v n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ fvlvi weKv‡k †m AbMÖmi _vK‡Z cv‡i|

• mKj wkïi †¶‡Î weKv‡ki µgaviv GKB iKg wKš‘ weKv‡ki nvi wkïi eskMwZ I cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ wfbœ n‡q _v‡K|

kvixwiK e„w×i nv‡i A‡bK †¶‡ÎB A‡bK wemgZv †`Lv hvq| †hgb †Kvb wkïi mvZ eQ‡ii mgq eqm Dc‡hvMx Mo D”PZv wQj| wKš‘ cieZ©x yeQi †m GKUyI D”PZvq ev‡owb| `k eQi eq‡m †`Lv †Mj †m Avevi eq‡mvc‡hvMx Mo D”PZvq †cŠ‡Q †M‡Q|

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hup (hR−l)

†jLwPÎ 3-1.1 ywU †Q‡ji D”PZv e„w×i wPÎ


BDwbU 3 61

Dc‡ii †jLwPÎwU‡Z †`Lv hvq ywU †Q‡j GKB D”PZv m¤úbœ| wKš‘ weKv‡ki nv‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡bK cv_©K¨| †Kvb GK mg‡q Zv‡ì D”PZvq 8″ BwÂi gZ weivU cv_©K¨ †`Lv w`‡qwQj| DcwiwjøwLZ me¸‡jvB n‡”Q kvixwiK weKv‡ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ êwkó¨|

gvby‡li Rxeb weKvk GK Awev”Qbœ avivq GwM‡q P‡j| Rxeb weKvk m¯ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv cvIqvi Rb¨ wewfbœ g‡bvweÁvbx eqm I weKv‡ki êwkó¨ Abyhvqx gvby‡li Rxeb‡K K‡qKwU Í‡i fvM K‡i‡Qb| cÖwZ Í‡i kvixwiK, gvbwmK, mvgvwRK, Av‡ewMK BZ¨vw` weKvk Zv‡ì wbR¯ MwZ‡Z weKwkZ nq| kvixwiK weKv‡ki Dci Ab¨vb¨ weKvk¸‡jv Kg‡ekx wbf©ikxj| me eq‡mB kvixwiK weKv‡ki KZ¸‡jv êwkó¨ i‡q‡Q|


BDwbU 3 62

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb - 1

A) eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ mwVK DËi wb‡ ©kg~jK A¶iwU‡K e„ËvwqZ Kiæb| (D`vniY t Avcbvi wbe©vwPZ DËiwU K n‡j G‡K K e„ËvwqZ Kiæb)

1. Av‡b©ó †Rvbm weKvkgvb Rxeb‡K Kq fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb? K. 3 L. 4 M. 5 N. 6

2. mwVK e³e¨ †KvbwU? K. †`‡ni wb‡Pi w`‡Ki A½¸‡jvi weKvk Av‡M nq L. mKj Í‡i mgvb fv‡e weKvk N‡U M. hvi kvixwiK weKvk †ekx n‡e Zvi fvlvi weKvkI †ekx n‡e N. AvZœ‡Kw› ªK fvlvi eënvi Av‡M I mvgvwRK fvlvi eënvi c‡i nq|

Av) msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ 1. wcKzbv‡mi Rxeb weKv‡ki Íi ¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiæb|

2. kvixwiK weKvk wK?

3. kvixwiK weKv‡ki wZbwU êwkó¨ D‡jøL Kiæb|

mwVK DËi t A) 1| L, 2| N

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BDwbU 3 63

kvixwiK weKvk t ˆkke Kvj [Physical Development : Babyhood]

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb ♦ ˆkk‡e wkïi kvixwiK ea©b I weKvk (D”PZv, IRb, ˆ`wnK KvVv‡gv,

øvqyZš¿ , Bw› ªq I Ab¨vb¨ hvwš¿K weKvk) m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

ˆkke Kvj Rb¥ n‡Z Qq eQi eqm ch©šÍ mgq‡K ˆkkeKvj (Babyhood) ejv nq| wkïi ˆkkeKv‡ji weKvk AZ¨šÍ PgKcÖ`| Amnvq beRvZK wKfv‡e ax‡i ax‡i Pj‡Z ej‡Z Ges wPšÍv Ki‡Z m¶g GKwU ¶z‡` e¨w³‡Z cwiYZ nq Zv e¨vL¨vi `vex iv‡L| GB cv‡V ïaygvÎ ˆkkeKv‡ji kvixwiK weKv‡ki Dci Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

kvixwiK weKvk wkï †hgb eo n‡Z _v‡K †Zgwb Zvi D”PZv I IRb e„w× cvq| eqm evovi m‡½ m‡½ Zvi ˆ`wnK Abycv‡Zi cwieZ©b N‡U| †`‡ni D”PZv, wewfbœ A½ cÖZ¨½, wewfbœ nv‡i evo‡Z _v‡K| D”PZv R‡b¥i mgq gvbe wkïi D”PZv Dwbk †_‡K Kzwo BwÂi g‡a¨ _v‡K| eo nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi D”PZv Avi IRb e„w× cvq| Pvi gvm eq‡m wkïi D”PZv mvaviYZ 23-24 BwÂ nq| GK eQi eq‡m 28-30 BwÂ| Rxe‡bi cÖ_g yeQi D”PZv e„w×i nvi Lye ªyZ _v‡K| cÖ_g yeQ‡i j¤vq wkïiv `k †_‡K c‡bi BwÂ ev‡o| gv_vi Zzjbvq †`nKv‡Ûi weKvk †ekx cwigv‡b nq| Zvici †_‡K wkïi ˆ`wnK e„w× A‡c¶vK…Z axiMwZ‡Z P‡j| Gmg‡q wkï‡ì D”PZv e„w×i Mo nvi wZb BwÂ| Qq eQi eq‡m wkï‡ì Mo D”PZv 46⋅6″ nq| evev gv‡qi D”PZv ev RvwZMZ êwk†óï Rb¨ wkïi D”PZvq wKQy cwieZ©b †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i|

IRb R‡b¥i mgq wkïi IRb mv‡o cvuP cvDÛ †_‡K bq cvDÛ g‡a¨ _v‡K| GUvB mvavib IRb| Aek¨ Gi e¨vwZµgI j¶¨ Kiv hvq| mwVK Mo IRb ejv gykwKj| Z‡e mvavib fv‡e †g‡qiv †Q‡j‡ì †P‡q nvjKv nq| R‡b¥i ci cÖ_g ch©v†q IRb Kg‡Z _v‡K| GK mßv‡ni gv_vq wkï Avevi Zvi R‡b¥i mgqKvi IRb jvf K‡i| Pvi gvm eq‡mi g‡a¨ wkïi IRb Zvi R‡b¥i IR‡bi wØ¸b nq| GK eQi eq‡m Zv R‡b¥i IR‡bi wZb ¸b nq| cix¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q wZb eQi eqm ch©šÍ eQ‡i M‡o cÖvq 5 cvDÛ K‡i IRb ev‡o| cÖ_g eQ‡i D”PZvi Zzjbvq IRb †ekx e„w× cvq| wØZxq eQ‡i IR‡bi Zzjbvq D”PZv ev‡o| yeQi ch©šÍ ˆ`wnK w`K w`‡q wkï ªyZ e„w× jvf K‡i|

cvV 2


BDwbU 3 64

mviYx 3-2.1

ˆkk‡ei D”PZv e„w× eqm D”PZv

Ræ mg‡q 4 gvm 8 gvm 1 ermi 2 ermi 5 ermi

19Ò- 20Ò 23Ò - 24Ò 26Ò - 28Ò 28Ò - 30Ò 32Ò - 34Ò 38Ò - 40Ò

mviYx 3-2.2

ˆkk‡ei IRb e„w× eqm IRb

R‡b¥i mgq 4 gvm 1 ermi 2 eQi 3 eQi 5 eQi

51/2 - 9 cvDÛ 12 - 16Ò 18 - 24Ò 21 - 27Ò 25 - 31Ò 30 - 40Ò

Drm t (Child Development, Fourth Edition, Elizabeth Hurlock International Student Edition)

Qq eQ‡i wkï‡ì IRb R‡b¥i mg‡qi IR‡bi cÖvq 7 ¸b †ewk n‡q _v‡K| †g‡q‡ì Mo IRb 48.5 cvDÛ I †Q‡j‡ì Mo IRb 49 cvDÛ nq| 3 eQi eqm †_‡K 11/ 12 eQi eqm A_©vr eqmwÜ¶‡Yi c~e© ch©šÍ IRb e„w×i nvi A‡bK K‡g hvq| GLv‡b GKwU welq D‡jøL¨ †h, IRb I D”PZvi GB wnmve cvðvZ¨ wkï‡ì IRb I D”PZv Abyhvqx| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki wkï‡ì IRb I D”PZv GB wnmve †_‡K wKQyUv Kg n‡q _v‡K|

†`n †mŠôe ‰kkeKv‡ji cy‡iv mgq a‡i wkïi A½ cÖZ¨‡½i Mob I AvK…wZi cwieZ©b N‡U Ges yB eQi eq‡m wkï wbR¯^ we‡kl †`n ‡mŠ†ô‡ei AwaKvix nq| wZb ai‡bi we‡kl ˆ`wnK MVb †`Lv hvq| wQcwQ‡c MVb (Ectomorphic) t †`n `xN© I ¶xY nq; bv ymby ym MVb (Endomorphic) t †MvjMvj I †g` eûj nq Ges ewjô †`n (Mesomorphic) t `xN©Kvq I kw³kvjx nq|

†`n †mŠ‡ô‡ei cv_©K¨ ‰kk‡eB aiv c‡o| †Kvb †Kvb wkïi Endomorphic ˆ`wnK Mob †`Lv hvq| Gme wkïi †cU ùxZ Ges †`n †MvjMvj I †gvUv nq| †Kvb †Kvb wkï Mesomorphic êwk‡óï AwaKvix| G me wkïi †`n ewjô I myMwVZ nq | Avevi †Kvb †Kvb wkïi g‡a¨ Ectomorphic ˆ`wnK êwkóï †`Lv hvq | G‡ì †`n `xN© I ¶xb nq| G‡ì †ckx myMwVZ nq bv|


BDwbU 3 65

wb‡Pi wP‡Î wkï‡ì wewfbœ cÖKvi ˆ`wnK MVb †`Lv‡bv nj t

wPÎ 3-2.1 wkï‡ì wewfbœ ai‡bi ˆ`wnK MVb

ùvZ GK eQ‡i wkïi Pvi †_‡K QqwU `vZ DV‡Z †`Lv hvq| yeQ‡i mvaviYZ †lvjwU uvZ D‡V| mvg‡bi w`KKvi uvZ cÖ_‡g D‡V Zvici gvwoi uvZ D‡V| ˆkk‡ei †kl ch©v†q A ’vqx uvZ co‡Z I ’vqx uvZ DV‡Z ïiæ K‡i|

Aw ’ yeQi eq‡m Aw ’i msL¨v e„w× cvq| AvVvi gv‡m 50 fvM wkïi Ges yeQ‡i mKj wkïi gv_vi Dc‡ii †Kvgj Ask k³ nq| weKv‡ki Developmental Direction Abyhvqx †`‡ni wewfbœ A‡½i Aw ’ wewfbœ gvÎvq KvwVb¨ jvf K‡i|

†ckx R‡b¥i mgh †ckxZš‘ Lye Acwic° Ae ’vq _v‡K| ˆkk‡e ax‡i ax‡i †ckxi ea©b n‡jI ZLb †ckxmgyn ~e©j _v‡K| Aciw`‡K wkïi †`‡n Pwe©i AvwaK¨ _v‡K| d‡j ˆkk‡e wkï‡K †MvjMvj †`Lvq| ˆkk‡ei cÖ_gw`‡K wkï g~jZ y‡ai Dci wbf©i _v‡K e‡j Giƒc nq|

wPÎ 3-2.2 GK eQi eq‡m wkïi 4-6wU uvZ D‡V


BDwbU 3 66

†`n KvVv‡gv weKvk IRb I D”PZvi weKvk Qvov †`‡ni Ab¨vb¨ A½ cÖZ¨‡½i weKvk c„_K c„_K fv‡e nq| wewfbœ A½ cÖZ¨‡½i weKv‡ki g‡a¨ GKUv m¤úK© Av‡Q| D”PZv weKv‡ki AvbycvwZK nv‡iB Gme A½ cÖZ¨‡½i weKvk n‡q _v‡K|

†`‡ni wewfbœ A‡½i g‡a¨ gv_vi weKv‡ki nvi Kg| gv_vi e„w× Lye ax‡i nq| wKš‘ †`n, †Kvgi I Ab¨vb¨ A½ ªyZ e„w× cvq d‡j wkïi †`‡ni Dc‡ii As‡ki Zzjbvq bx‡Pi Ask eo †`Lvq| gy‡Li AvK„wZ †QvU n‡jI _yZwb †ek †evSv hvq I Mjv j¤v nq| mviv gy‡Li Aeq‡eiI cwieZ©b nq| wkïi †QvU _yZwb Nv‡oi e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ ev‡o| gy‡Li wb¤œ As‡ki AvK…wZ uv‡Zi cy‡iv mvwii mvRv‡bvi Dci wbf©i K‡i|

R‡b¥i mg‡q †Pnvivi †Mvjfve µ‡g wW¤vK…wZ avib K‡i| Kcvj PIov nq| †Pvqv‡ji nvo e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| bv‡Ki AvK…wZI cwieZ©b nq| †`n Kv‡Ûi cwieZ©b wewfbœ w`K †_‡K n‡q _v‡K| †Q‡j I †g‡qi †`n Kv‡Ûi AmvgÁm¨ Ae ’v µ‡g µ‡g mvgÁm¨c~b©

n‡Z _v‡K| †`nKvÛ FRy nq| wkïi nvZ I cv j¤ev nq I nvZ cv‡qi cvZv cÖk Í nq|

øvqyZ‡š¿i weKvk R‡b¥i ci †_‡K øvqyZ‡š¿i weKvk Lye ªyZ nq| †h me øvqy‡Kvl w`‡q øøvqy MwVZ nq

Zv‡`i weKvk I msL¨v e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| wZb/ Pvi eQi ch©šÍ GB weKv‡ki nvi Lye †ewk _v‡K| øvqyZ‡š¿i g‡a¨ gw Í‡®‹i weKvk LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~b©| yB eQi ch©šÍ gw Í®‹ Lye ªyZnv‡i evo‡Z _v‡K| Zvici weKv‡ki nvi K‡g hvq| cÖvßeq¯‹ gw Í‡¯‹i IR‡bi 1/4 gw Í®‹ Rb¥ mg‡q _v‡K| Zvici µgvš^‡q e„w× cvq| bq gv‡m 1/2, wØZxq eQ‡ii †klv‡a© 3/4,PZz_© eQ‡i 4/5 Ges Qq eQ‡i 90% cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| cÖ_‡g yeQ‡i gw Í‡®‹i IRb e„w× cvq e‡j wkïi †`‡ni Dc‡ii Ask cÖk Í †`Lvq| jNy gw Í‡®‹ I ¸iæ gw Í®‹ IR‡b e„w× †c‡q †`‡ni fvimvg¨ I Ae ’vb wbqš¿‡b ¸iæZ¡c~b© fzwgKv cvjb K‡i|

Bw›`ª‡qi weKvk wZb gvm eq†m wkï †Pv‡Li †ckxi mg¤‡qi d‡j cwi®‹vi fv‡e me wKQy †`L‡Z cvq| eb© cÖZ¨¶Y Ki‡Z cv‡i| †kvbvi ¶gZv ªyZ e„w× cvq| yeQ‡i g‡a¨ ¯v` I MÜ m¯úwK©Z ms‡e`b ¶gZv DbœZ nq| wkïiv cvZjv Z‡K¡i Rb¨ ¯úk©RwbZ DÏxc‡Ki cªwZ ªyZ cÖwZwµqv Ki‡Z cv‡i|


BDwbU 3 67

wPÎ 3-2.3 wZbgvm eq‡m wkï cwi®‹vifv‡e †`L‡Z cvq

hvwš¿K weKvk R‡b¥i ci †`‡ni evB‡ii A½ cÖZ¨‡½i gZ †fZ‡ii wewfbœ h‡š¿iI weKvk nq| wkïi D”PZv, IRb I A½ cÖZ¨‡½i weKvk‡K GB me kvixie„Ëxq Kvh©vejx A_ev AvšÍthš¿vejxi weKvk mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| i³msenb Zš¿ k¦vmZš¿, ü`hš¿ I dzmdz‡mi weKvk wbR¯ c×wZ‡Z nq| 6 †_‡K 7 ermi eqm ch©šÍ †Q‡j‡ì ü`hš¿ †g‡q‡ì †P‡q A‡c¶vK…Z eo _v‡K| ˆkk‡e ü`¯ú›`‡bi MwZ †ekx _v‡K| i³evnx bvjx GMvi eQi eqm ch©šÍ Lye `ªyZ nv‡i ev‡o| dzmdz†mi AvqZb ax‡i ax‡i ev‡o Ges k¦vmcÖk¦vmwµqv ¯vfvweK n‡Z _v‡K| cvPbbvjxi weKv‡ki d‡j Lv`¨ nR‡gi Rb¨ †ekx mgq jv‡M| eqm e„w×i m‡½ m‡½ g~Îvkq A‡bK¶b g~Î avib Ki‡Z m¶g nq| cÖwš’i e„w× LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zviv Ab¨vb¨ †`nh‡š¿i weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i| wkïi ea©b I weKv†ki Z_¨wì weeiY cvðZ¨ †`‡ki †Q‡j †g‡q†ì ch©‡e¶b Ges cix¶b †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`kx wkï‡ì †¶‡Î cv_©K¨ _vKv ¯vfvweK| Avgv‡ì wkï‡ì weKv‡ki mwVK Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ †`kxq †cÖw¶‡Z Rwic I cix¶b KvR cwiPvjbv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| †gwiwW_, I‡qU‡Rj cÖf„wZ g‡bvweÁvbx cix¶v K‡i †`‡L‡Qb DbœZ ai‡bi Lv`¨ I cywó Ges Av_©mvgvwRK Ae ’v e¨w³i D”PZv weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i| Avevi wkïi D”PZv A‡bKUv eskMwZi Dci wbf©i K‡i| IR‡bi e¨vcv‡iI †`Lv hvq Dchy³ Lv`¨ I cywó, †`‡ni evob I fvj ¯v‡ ’ï Dci wkïi IRb wbf©i K‡i| wkïi mvgwMÖK kvixwiK weKv‡kI G mg Í Dcv`vb cÖfve we Ívi K‡i _v‡K|

kvixwiK weKvk cÖ_g yeQ‡i Lye ªyZ N‡U| D”PZv I IR‡b D‡jøL†hvM¨ cwieZ©b †`Lv hvq| R‡b¥i mgq †h wkïi D”PZv 19-20 BwÂi g‡a¨ wQj Qq eQi eq‡m †mB D”PZv ‡e‡o 46.6 BwÂ‡Z `vovq| R‡b¥i ci IRb 3 eQi ch©šÍ M‡o eQ‡i 5 cvDÛ K‡i ev‡o| Qq eQ‡i R‡b¥i IR‡bi cÖvq 7 ¸b nq| A½ cÖZ¨‡½i Mob I AvK…wZi cwieZ©‡bi †fZi w`‡q wkï wbR¯ †`n †mŠô‡ei AwaKvix nq| †`n KvÛ R‡b¥i mg‡qi AmvgvÄm¨c~Y© Ae ’v †_‡K wKQyUv mvgvÄm¨c~b© nq| kvixwiK e„w× I weKv‡ki aviv me wkïi GKB fv‡e nq bv| e¨w³-cv_©K¨ me mgqB _v‡K|


BDwbU 3 68



1. GK eQi eq‡m wkïi IRb R‡b¥i IR‡bi KZ¸b nq? K. wØ¸b L. wZb¸b M. Pvi¸b N. cuvP¸b

2. Qq eQi eq‡m wkïi Mo D”PZv KZ? K. 28- 30 BwÂ L. 3 dzU M. 46.6 BwÂ N. 50 BwÂ

3. j¤v cvZjv wQcwQ‡c Mo‡bi †`n‡K wK e‡j? K. Ectomorphic

L. Endomorphic

M. Mesomorphic

4. wkïi R‡b¥i mgq gw Í‡¯‹i IRb -

K. cÖvßeq¯‹ gw Í‡¯‹i IR‡bi fvM 1/8_v‡K

L. cÖvßeq¯‹ gw Í‡¯‹i IR‡bi fvM 1/4 _v‡K

M. cÖvßeq¯‹ gw Í‡¯‹i IR‡bi fvM 1

/ 2_v‡K

N. cÖvßeq¯‹ gw Í‡¯‹i IR‡bi fvM 3

/4 _v‡K

Av) msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ 1. ˆkkeKv‡j wkïi D”PZvi eY©bv w`b|

2. Rb¥ †_‡K Qq eQi ch©šÍ wkïi IRb e„w×i eY©bv w`b|

3. wewfbœ ai‡bi ˆ`wnK MVb wK wK?

4. ˆkk‡ei ˆ`wnK KvVv‡gvi weKvk e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

5. ¯øvqyZ‡š¿i weKv‡ki ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

mwVK DËi t A) 1| L, 2| M, 3| K, 4| L

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BDwbU 3 69

†ckx mÂvjbg~jK weKvk [Motor Development]

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb ♦ †ckx mÂvjbg~jK weKvk ej‡Z wK eySvq ej‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ wkïi Dci GB weKv‡ki cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ ‡ckx mÂvjbg~jK weKv‡ki bxwZ mg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ GB weKv‡ki aviv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†ckx mÂvjbg~jK weKvk wkï R‡b¥i ci G‡Kev‡i A¶g _v‡K| Zvi †`‡ni Dci Zvi †Kvb wbqš¿b _v‡K bv| Zvi eqte„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ kix‡ii wewfbœ A½ cÖZ¨½, hš¿cvwZ †hgb e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K †Zgwb wewfbœ A½ cÖZ¨½ I †`nh‡š¿i Kg©¶gZv ax‡i ax‡i e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| ax‡i ax‡i wkï em‡Z †k‡L, uvov‡Z †k‡L,nvU‡Z †k‡L| wewfbœ A½ mÂvj‡b `¶Zv AR©b K‡i| GB weKvk‡K †`n mÂvj‡bi weKvk ev Motor Development ejv nq| wkïi emv, Pjv, aiv, AvuKv, ‡jLv, ‡Ljv, BZ¨vw` me wKQyi ¶gZvB GB ‡ckx mÂvjbg~jK weKv‡ki AšÍM©Z| g‡bvweÁvbx‡ì avibv Abyhvqx Ò†h cÖwµqvq wkïi †ckxq Z‡š¿i kw³, mg¤bq ¶gZv, ZrciZv Ges wbLyZ fv‡e eënv‡ii `¶Zv e„w× cvq ZvB nj ‡ckx mÂvjbg~jK weKvk (The development of child’s strength, coordination, speed of precision in the use of muscle is called motor development)| wKQyUv ¯vfvweK wbq‡g I wKQyUv AwfÁZv I cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖfv†e wkïi Rxe‡b GB ¶gZvi weKvk nq|

†ckx mÂvjbg~jK weKvk wkïi Rxeb weKv†ki GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K| A½ mÂvj‡b `¶Zv I cvi`wk©Zv wkïi g‡b wek¦vm I wbivcËv‡eva m„wó K‡i| wkïi Av‡ewMK I mvgvwRK weKvk GB mÂvjbg~jK weKvk Øviv e¨cKfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq| DbœZ ewjô MV‡b GB weKv‡ki cÖfve Lye †ekx| ˆ`wnK ZrciZvq KgwZ _vK‡j wkïi g‡a¨ A¶gZvi fq I nxbgb¨Zv Rv‡M|

†ckx mÂvjbg jK weKv‡ki bxwZ • R‡b¥i ci ci wkïi mvgwMÖK cÖwZwµqv Kivi ¶gZv _v‡K| me cwiw ’wZ‡ZB

Zviv mvgwMÖKfv‡e mgMÖ‡`‡ni mvnv‡h¨ cÖwZwµqv K‡i| wKš‘ †ckx mÂvjbg~jK weKv‡ki d‡j †`‡ni wewfbœ †ckxi KvR Avjv`v nq| weKv‡ki cÖwµqv mgMÖ ‡_‡K we‡k‡li w`‡K (From mass action to specific action) hvq| †hgb, wkï hLb cÖ_‡g wKQy ai‡Z wk‡L ZLb †MvUv †`n eënvi K‡i|µ‡g †m ïay nvZ evwo‡q ai‡Z wk‡L| A_©vr ai‡Z †kLvUv mgMÖ †_‡K wbw ©ó A‡½i mvnv‡h¨ nq|

• †`‡ni eo eo †ckxi mÂvjb ¶gZvi weKvk Av‡M nq| A‡c¶vK…Z †QvU †ckxi mÂvjb ¶gZvi weKvk c‡i nq| †hgb, nvZ I evûi †ckx mÂvj‡bi ¶gZv Av‡M Av‡m, wKš‘ Av½yj mÂvj‡bi ¶gZvi weKvk A‡bK c‡i nq|

cvV 3


BDwbU 3 70

• †`n mÂvj‡bi weKvk †`‡ni Dci †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K nq| nvwfsnv÷ wewfbœ cix¶v †_‡K ÒweKv‡ki w`K wb‡ ©kK m~ÎÓ (Law of Deveolpmental Driection) m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb| GB m~‡Î GKwU bxwZ n‡”Q Cephalocaudal Principle| GB bxwZ Abyhvqx gvbe wkï me©cÖ_g gv_v‡K wbqš¿b Kivi ¶gZv AR©b K‡i Ges cv‡qi wbqš¿b Av‡m me©‡k‡l| Ab¨ bxwZwU n‡”Q Proximodistal Principle| GB bxwZ e‡j, ‡ckx mÂvj‡bi weKvk †`nKv‡Ûi wbKUZi A‡½ cÖ_g nq| c‡i ~‡ii A½ cÖZ¨†½ nq| AL©vr weKvk kix‡ii gaëZ©x ¯’vb †_‡K cÖv‡šÍi w`‡K AMÖmi nq| †hgb, wkïi mÂvjbg~jK `¶Zv ïiæ nq Kuva †_‡K| †mLvb †_‡K evû,KbyB, nvZ Ges me©‡k‡l Av½y‡j mÂvwjZ nq| GKB fv‡e wkï cÖ_‡g nvUz c‡i cv‡qi wb¤œfvM A_©vr †Mvovjx I cvZv bvov‡Z mg_© nq|

• †`‡ni wewfbœ A‡½i cwic°Zv I wk¶vi Dci wkïi †ckx wbqš¿‡bi ¶gZv wbf©i K‡i| †hgb wjL‡Z cvivi Av‡M aiv Ges †`Lvi g‡a¨ mg¤q A_©vr eyehand co-ordination cÖ‡qvRb|

• weKv‡ki avivq e¨w³‡Z e¨w³‡Z cv_©K¨ Av‡Q| †KD Av‡M †KD c‡i cwic°Zv jvf K‡i| †hgb, †Kvb wkï †`wi‡Z nuvU‡Z wk‡L Avevi †KD A‡c¶vK…Z Kg eq‡m wk‡L|

• mÂvjbg jK weKv‡ki †¶‡Î mvavibZ †Q‡jiv mgeqmx †g‡q‡ì †P‡q GwM‡q

hvq| †Q‡jiv hZ eo nq ZZB kw³,w¶cÖZv I wewfbœ mÂvjbg jK †KŠk‡j †g‡q‡ì †P‡q †ewk `¶ nq|

• ˆ`wnK weKvk GK mgq Kg I GK mgq †ewk nq| wKš‘ wewfbœ cix¶Y †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q †ckxi mÂvj‡bi weKvk aviv me mgq mgnv‡i cwic°Zvi w`‡K GwM‡q hvq|

ˆkk‡e †ckx mÂvjbg~jK weKv‡ki aviv

R‡b¥i ci wkïi wewfbœ A‡½i mÂvjb wbZvšÍ G‡j‡g‡jv I mg¤bqnxb _v‡K| nvZ cv bvovi †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ ev j¶¨ _v‡K bv| Zvi g‡a¨ ˆ`wnK cÖwZwµqvq mvgwMÖKZv (Mass action) †`Lv hvq| wKQyw`b †`nh‡š¿i Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ c„_KxKiY (differentiation) j¶¨ Kiv hvq bv| µ‡g µ‡g †`‡ni wewfbœ A½ wbqwš¿Z n‡Z _v‡K| Ò weKv‡ki w`K m~Î Ó (Law of Developmental Driection ) Abyhvqx †ckx wbqš¿b ¶gZv AR©b K‡i|


BDwbU 3 71

wb‡Pi †jLwP‡Î R‡b¥i cÖ_g cuvPw`‡b wkïi mvgwMÖK wµqv e„w× †`Lv‡bv nj

2

3

4

1 2 3 4 5

¢ce

wPÎ 3-3.1 Rxe‡bi cÖ_g cuvPw`‡b wkïi mvgwMÖK wµqv e„w× wewfbœ eq‡m wK fv‡e †`‡ni A½ cÖZ¨‡½i mÂvjb ¶gZv weKwkZ nh Zvi eY©bv bx‡P †`Iqv nj

„wó R‡b¥i wZb †_‡K Pvi mßv‡ni g‡a¨ wkï „wó w`‡q wKQy AbymiY Ki‡Z cv‡i| wZb †_‡K Pvi gv‡m †PvL Dci †_‡K wb‡P Ges Avi I K‡qK gvm ci Pvicv‡k Nyiv‡Z cv‡i|

nvwm wZb Pvi gvm eqm n‡j mvgvwRK nvwm A_©vr A‡b¨i nvwm †`‡L nvm‡Z cv‡i| Aek¨ cÖ_g mßvn †_‡K wkï nv‡m Z‡e Zv B”QvK…Z nvwm bq|

wPÎ 3-3.2 wkïi mvgvwRK nvwm


BDwbU 3 72

gv_v †mvRv Kiv yB gv‡m wkïi Nvo k³ nq| †h _yZwb Zzj‡Z cv‡i| 3/4 gv‡m ey‡K I nv‡Z fi w`‡q gv_v Zzj‡Z cv‡i| 5 gv‡m wPr Ae ’vq gv_v DPz Ki‡Z cv‡i|

†`nKvÛ

R‡b¥i ci ygvm ch©šÍ wkïiv wb‡R‡`i †`nKvÛ‡K ¯vaxb fv‡e bovPov Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| yB gv†m KvZ †_‡K wPr Ges Pvi gv†m m¤úb© Dcyo n‡Z cv‡i|

emv Pvi gv†m †KD a‡i _vK‡j Nvo k³ K‡i †mvRv n‡q em‡Z cv‡i| cvPu gv†m ‡Kvb wKQy‡Z fi w`‡q ‡Pqv†i emv‡j e‡m _vK‡Z cv‡i| 6/7 gv†m GKv em‡Z cv‡i| 8/9 gv‡m A‡bK¶b e‡m _vK‡Z cv‡i| wPÎ 3-3.3 Qq-mvZ gv‡mi wkï GKv em‡Z cv‡i wPÎ 3-3.4 wkï wb‡R wb‡R RyZvi wdZv euva‡Q

nvZ w`‡q aiv wkï 4 gvm eq‡m †Kvb wRwbm †`‡L ai‡Z cv‡i bv| 5 gv‡m _vev w`‡q aivi ¶gZv AR©b K‡i| 8-10 gvm eq‡m cÖwZwU e ‘ nvZ w`‡q ai‡Z cv‡i Ges bxP †_‡K wRwbm Zzj‡Z cv‡i| 1 ermi wkï _vev w`‡q †cwÝj ai‡Z cv‡i, 2 eQ‡i ev· Lyj‡Z, †evZ‡ji gyL Lyj‡Z cv‡i, eB Gi cvZv Dëv‡Z cv‡i, e„Ë AvuK‡Z,Kv`v PUKv‡Z, cvwb Xvj‡Z cv‡i| 3 eQ‡i Rvgv Kvco Lyj‡Z,nvZgyL ay‡Z, Qwe‡Z is w`‡Z cv‡i| 5 eQ‡i †Kvb wKQy AvuK‡Z,gvby‡li AvK…wZ AvuK‡Z cv‡i| 5 eQ‡i `¶Zvi A‡bK DbœwZ nq m¶g †iLv Uvb‡Z I A¶i wjL‡Z m¶g nq| KvMR KvU‡Z, Ry‡Zvi wdZv evav BZ¨vw` KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|

nvUv ygv‡mi wkï cv Qy‡o kixi‡K GK RvqMv †_‡K Ab¨ RvqMvq wb‡Z cv‡i| AvU †_‡K `k gv‡mi g‡a¨ nvgv¸wo †`q| nvZ cv‡qi Dci fi w`‡q Dcyo n‡q Ny‡i †eovq| 8/9 gv‡m wKQy a‡i uvovq, 1eQ‡i A‡b¨i mvnvh¨ Qvov uvovq| 11 gvm ev 1 eQ‡i †Kvb wKQyi mvnvh¨ wb‡q nuvU‡Z cv‡i| 13 gv‡m wmwo †e‡q DV‡Z cv‡i I 14/15 gv‡m †Kvb mvnvh¨


BDwbU 3 73

Qvov wb‡R wb‡R fvjfv‡e nuvU‡Z cv‡i| 3 eQ†ii wkïi c`‡¶c I nuvUvi g‡a¨ Q›` Av‡m| 3 eQ‡ii wkï jvdv‡Z I GK cv‡q uvov‡Z cv‡i| wZbPvKv mvB‡Kj Pov BZ¨vw` Ki‡Z cv‡i| 5 eQi †_‡KB wkïi Pjv‡divq Aeva I ¯vej¤x fve †`Lv hvq|

bx‡P wewfbœ eq‡mi wkï‡ì mÂjbg jK weKvk †`Lv‡bv nj

wPÎ 3-3.5 wkïi mÂvjbg jK weKvk A½ mÂvj‡b †Q‡j †g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ _v‡K| †Q‡jiv †e‡q DVv,jvdv‡bv, ej †Quvov BZ¨vw` I †g‡qiv `wo jvdv‡bv, nv‡Zi †Ljv BZ¨vw`‡Z cvi`k©x nq| ˆkke Kv‡ji g‡a¨B wkïi †`n Zvi m¤úb© wbqš¿†b G‡m hvq Ges wewfbœ ˆbcy‡bï weKvk N‡U| jNy gw Í®‹ n‡”Q mÂvjbg~jK kw³i †K› ª| R‡b¥i mg‡qi AcwiYZ gw Í®‹ Av‡ Í Av‡¯Í weKvk jvf ïiæ K‡i| 5 gvm †_‡K 2 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ jNy gw Í®‹ m¤ú~Y© fv‡e M‡o D‡V| d‡j Amnvq wkï 2 eQi eq‡m ¯vaxb fv‡e kixi mÂvjb Ki‡Z m¶g nq|

eo‡ì mvnvh¨ I Drmvn Ges †Ljvayjvi miÄvg wkïi emv, `vov‡bv nuvUv BZ¨vw` me mÂvjbgyjK KvR‡K Z¡ivw¤Z K‡i|


BDwbU 3 74

wPÎ 3-3.6 wkïiv mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡”Q

kix‡ii A½ cÖZ¨‡½i e„w×i ms‡M ms‡M Zv‡`i Kv‡RiI weKvk N‡U| wkï em‡Z, `vov‡Z, nvuU‡Z wk‡L| G¸‡jv n‡”Q mÂvjbg~jK weKvk| wkï 2 eQi eq‡m ¯vaxbfv‡e kixi mÂvjb Ki‡Z mg_© nq| GB weKvk KZ ¸‡jv bxwZ †g‡b P‡j| weKvk mgMÖ †_‡K we‡k‡li w`‡K, eo ‡ckx †_‡K †QvU †ckx‡Z, Dci †_‡K wb‡P Ges Kv‡Q †_‡K y‡ii w`‡K AMÖmi nq| A‡½i cwic°Zv †ckxi wbqš¿‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb| weKv‡ki avivq e¨w³ cv_©K¨ _v‡K| weKv‡k †Q‡jiv GwM‡q I †g‡qiv wcwQ‡q _v‡K| mÂvj‡bi weKvkaviv mgnv‡i GwM‡q hvq|


BDwbU 3 75



1. †KvbwU mÂvjbg~jK KvR bq? K. nuvUv L. emv M. Nygvb N. uvovb

2. wkïi mvgvwRK nvwm KLb Avi¤¢ nq? K. 2/3 gv‡m L. 3/4 gv‡m M. 4/5 gv‡m N. 5/6 gv‡m

4. wkï m¤úb© Dcyo n‡Z cv‡i KLb? K. 3 gv‡m L. 4 gv‡m M. 5 gv‡m N. 6 gv‡m

Av) msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ 1. mÂvjbg~jK weKvk wK? 2. GB weKv‡ki ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| 3. weKvk cÖwµqv mgMÖ †_‡K we‡k‡li w`‡K hvq e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 4. ˆkk‡e nv‡Zi †ckx wbqš¿‡bi µgweKvk eY©bv Kiæb|

mwVK DËi t A) 1| M, 2| L, 3| L

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BDwbU 3 76

kvixwiK weKvk t evj¨Kvj [Physical Development : Childhood]

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb ♦ evj¨Kv‡j kvixwiK weKv‡ki êwkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì D”PZv I IRb e„w×i aviv I cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ G mg‡q wewfbœ A½ cÖZ¨‡½i e„w×i AbycvZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ G mg‡q †ckxq `¶Zvi weKvk e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ evj¨Kv‡j kvixwiK weKv‡k wK wK Dcv`vb cÖfve wešÍvi K‡i ej‡Z

cvi‡eb|

evj¨Kvj

mvavibZt QÕeQi †_‡K 11/12 eQi ch©šÍ mgq‡K evj¨Kvj ejv nq| weL¨vZ g‡bvweÁvbx nvij‡Ki g‡Z QÕ eQi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †hŠb cwic°Zv AR©‡bi c~e© ch©šÍ mgq‡K evj¨Kvj ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| evj¨ Kvj gvbeRxe‡bi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mgq| Gmgq Rxe‡b A‡bK cwieZ©b N‡U| wk¶vMZ w`K †_‡K G‡K cÖv_wgK Íi ejv hvq| ˆkk‡ei m‡½ ev‡jï A‡bK cv_©K¨| ˆkk‡e me wKQyB AmsnZ _v‡K| wKš‘ ev‡j¨ mg Í weKv‡k GKwU k„sLjv I mvgë ’v †`Lv hvq| G mgq wkïiv †hb A‡bK cwic~b© |

D”PZv

eqtmw× Kvj bv Avmv ch©šÍ evj¨Kv‡j kvixwiK weKvk Lye axi MwZ‡Z Pj‡Z _v‡K| weKv‡ki gvÎv Lye Kg n‡jI weKv‡ki nvi †gvUvgywU wbw`ó MwZ‡Z P‡j| Gmg‡q wkïiv M‡o eQ‡i 2 †_‡K 3 BwÂ K‡i B”PZvq ev‡o| hLb ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z ïiæ K‡i ZLb D”PZv cÖvq mv‡o wZb dzU|

IRb G mg‡q kvixwiK IRb e„w×i †¶‡ÎI axiMwZ †`Lv hvq| G mg‡q IRb eQ‡i M‡o wZb †_‡K cuvP cvDÛ K‡i e„w× cvq| ¯‹zjMvgx wkïi IRb mvaviYZ cÖvq 48 cvD†Ûi gZ nq| evj¨Kv‡ji me mgq IRb GK nv‡i e…w× cvq bv| D”PZv I IRb Dfq†¶‡ÎB e¨w³ cv_©K¨ me mgqB †`Lv hvq|

cvV 4

wPÎ 3-4.1 evj¨Kvj


BDwbU 3 77

†Q‡j I †g‡qi weKv†k cv_©K¨ evj¨Kv‡j kvixwiK weKv‡ki GKwU eo êwkó¨ n‡”Q †Q‡j I †g‡qi weKv‡ki cv_©K¨| G mg‡q †Q‡j‡ì †P‡q †g‡q‡ì weKvk GKUz †ewk nq| cvðv‡Zï †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Rwic †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q 11 erm‡ii †g‡q‡ì Mo D”PZv 58 BwÂ I Mo IRb 88.5 cvDÛ nq| †Q‡j‡ì Mo D”PZv 57.5 BwÂ I Mo IRb 85.5 cvDÛ n‡q _v‡K| mvaviYZ Zv‡ì c~b© eq‡mi IRb I D”PZvi cÖvq yB Z…Zxqvsk Zviv GB Í‡i AR©b K‡i| me‡P‡q Kg _v‡K †g‡q‡ì †ejvq 9 †_‡K 10 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Ges †Q‡j‡ì †¶‡Î 10 †_‡K 11 eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨| GKwU Rwi‡c cÖvß Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wb‡Pi †jLwP‡Î †Q‡j Ges †g‡q‡ì D”PZv e„w×i nvi †`Lv‡bv nj

†jLwPÎ 3-4.2 †Q‡j I †g‡qi D”PZv e„w×i nvi †g‡qiv †Q‡j‡ì †P‡q Av‡M †hŠbZv cÖvß n‡q ˆK‡kv‡i c`vc©b K‡i e‡j †g‡q‡ì D”PZv I IRb †Q‡j‡ì †P‡q †ewk n‡q _v‡K| cieZ©x‡Z Avevi †Q‡jiv †g‡q‡ì‡K IRb I D”PZvi AwZµg K‡i| D”PZv I IRb ¯vfvweK wbq‡g eskMwZ Ges Av_©mvgvwRK Ae ’vi Dci wbf©ikxj|

ˆ`wnK e„w×i AbycvZ ev‡jï wewfbœ A½ cÖZ¨‡½i e„w×i AbycvZ ˆkk‡ii Abycv‡Zi †P‡q wfbœ| G mg‡q ˆkk‡ei †KvgjZv I KgbxqZv A‡bK K‡g Av‡m| mviv †`‡ni Abycv†Z gv_vi AvK…wZ

O 1 3

6

8

7

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5

2

9 11 13 17 15 19

10

12

14

16

18

20

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−j−u

−R−m


BDwbU 3 78

†QvU, gyL MnŸi I †Pvqvj eo nIqvq gyLgÛ‡j AvbycvwZK êwkó¨ †`Lv hvq bv| gy‡Li wb‡Pi As‡ki MVb Pj‡Z _v‡K e‡j 7-8 eQ‡ii wkïi †Pnviv Lye †egvbvb †`Lvq| 6-12 eQ‡i †`nKv‡Ûi cÖk ÍZv K‡g Av‡m, ‡`n j¤v‡U nq| ey‡Ki QvwZ PIov nq| Zj‡c‡Ui †dvjvfve K‡g hvq I †cU †ckxeûj nq| Kcvj cÖkšÍ I mgvb nq| †VuvU cyô nq| bvK j¤v n‡q h_v_© AvKvi cÖvß nq| wkï myjf †Pnvivi cwieZ©b N‡U|

Mjvi AvK…wZi cwieZ©b nq| Mjv miæ I j¤v nq| 7/8 eQ‡i nv‡Zi gvsm ‡ckx e„w×i d‡j nv‡Zi AvK…wZ „p I cÖk Í nq| cv‡qi e„w×I nv‡Zi gZ nq| nv‡Zi Av½y‡ji e„w× 5/6 eQi n‡Z `ªyZ nq| G mgq wkï‡ì g‡a¨ Aw ’er †ckxi MVbÔ ev Ossification Pj‡Z _v‡K| Aw ’er Dcv`vb ˆZwi nIqvi cÖwµqv GB mg‡q Pj‡Z _v‡K e‡j nvo fvO‡j ZvovZvwo †m‡i D‡V| GB Ossification wkïi cieZ©x ea©‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|

ev‡jï †kl w`‡K †`‡ni bx‡P w`‡Ki A‡½i e„w× †ewk nq| hvi Rb¨ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì cv †`‡ni Zzjbvq †ewk j¤v e‡j g‡b nq| nvZ cv j¤v n‡jI †ckx Z‡š¿i cwic°Zv bv Avmvq †`‡ni Mob my›ì †`Lvq bv| †`‡ni A½ cÖZ¨‡½i g‡a¨ wKQy AmvgÄ¨nxbZv †`Lv hvq| uvZ co‡Z _v‡K Ges eqtmwÜKv‡ji c~‡e© wkïi ’vqx †gvU ewÎkwU uv‡Zi g‡a¨ AvVvkwU uvZ D‡V hvq|

ü`hš¿ I dzmdzm m¤úb© bv n‡jI cÖvq ¯vfvweK fv‡e KvR K‡i| `k eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨ gw Í‡®‹i cwiYgb N‡U| †`‡ni g‡a¨ m~¶œ †ckx ¸‡jvI cwic~Y©fv‡e weKvk jvf K‡i| †Pv‡Li „wó Zx¶ nq| cÖ_g ev‡j¨ evjK evwjKviv wb‡R‡ì †`n m¤ú‡K© we‡kl m‡PZb _v‡K bv| wKš‘ †kl ev‡j¨ G‡m Zviv ¯v ’¨ m¤ú‡K© hZœ wb‡Z cv‡i|

†ckxq ¶gZv

†ckxi `¶Zv (Motor ability) kvixwiK mg Í Kg©¶gZv wbqš¿b K‡i| ev‡j¨ †`n mÂvj‡bi w`K †_‡K A‡bK êwkó¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| R‡b¥i mgq †_‡K wbw`ó mgq ch©šÍ wewfbœ †ckxi weKvk n‡Z _v‡K| 5/6 eQi †_‡K †`‡ni †gvU IR‡bi 3/4 Ask gvsm‡ckxi e„w×i Rb¨ nq| ˆkke †_‡K ˆK‡kvi ch©šÍ †Wviv KvUv †ckx I e„nr †ckxi MVb Pj‡Z _v‡K| Qq ermi eqm n‡Z †ckx mÂvjb wbqwš¿Z n‡Z _v‡K| GB mg‡q †Q‡j‡g‡qiv †ewk¶Y wbw®Œq Ae ’vq _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| PzcPvc e‡m _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| GB mg‡q Zviv †`Šov‡bv,jvdv‡bv, wWMevRx †Ìqv cÖf…wZ mvgwMÖK A½ Pvjbv (Motor ability) Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Gai‡Yi Kv‡Ri ¶gZv ªyZ e„w× cvq| †ckxq weKv‡ki Kg© e„w×‡Z wkïiv wmuwo fv½v, Mv‡Q Pov, GK cv‡q jvdv‡bv BZ¨vw` `¶Zv AR©b K‡i| 7-8 eQ‡i wkï e¨vU I e‡ji ‡hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| 8-10 eQ‡i Zv†ì Pjv‡divq Q›` I ˆbcyb¨ †`Lv hvq|

GB eq‡m †Q‡j‡g‡qiv c~Y©eq®‹ e¨w³i gZ LvIqv, †cvlvK civ, weQvbv Kiv, wRwbmcÎ Svov‡gvQv, †ev‡W©i †jLv‡gvQv, ej a‡i Quy‡o †Ìqv, yB PvKvi mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bv, †¯‹wUs Kiv, mvZuvi KvUv BZ¨vw` ˆbcyb¨ AvqË¡ K†i| GB mg‡q nvZ I Av½y‡ji †ckxi `¶Zv e„w× cvq| †Kw› ªK øvqyZ‡š¿iI µgweKvk N‡U| d‡j wkï m~¶ A½ mÂvj‡b mg_© nq| nv‡Zi †jLvi gvb DbœZ nq| Qwe AuvKv, KvMR, Kvco †K‡U wRwbm ˆZwi Kiv, †mjvB Kiv, ev`¨h‡š¿i eënvi BZ¨vw` KvR Ki‡Z


BDwbU 3 79

wkïiv m¶g nq| DbœZ gv‡bi K_b ev cV‡bi Rb¨ gyLgÛ‡ji †ckxi c~Y©Zv cÖ‡qvRb| ev‡j¨ GB c~b©Zv cÖvwßi d‡j †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ we‡kl ai‡Yi D”PviY ev kã Kivi ¶gZvi weKvk nq| GB mg‡q Zviv †ckxi cy‡iv wbqš¿b ¶gZv jvf K‡i|

†ckxi `¶Zvi weKv‡ki e¨vcv‡i †`Lv hvq ˆRweK `¶Zv QvovI mvgvwRK cwi‡ek GB †¶‡Î cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i _v‡K| Avi ‡m R‡b¨ †Q‡j Ges ‡g‡qi `¶Zvq cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq| †g‡qiv mvavibZt Qwe AvuKv, †mjvB BZ¨vw` KvR †Q‡j‡ì †P‡q fvj cv‡i| wXj †Quvov, nvZ w`‡q ej †Quvov,ej †Ljv BZ¨vw`‡Z †Q‡jiv †ewk cvi`k©x nq| wbæweË cwiev‡ii †Q‡j‡g‡qiv wewfbœ Kv‡Ri kvixwiK †KŠkj ªyZ AvqZ¡ K‡i|

cÖm½Z D‡jøL¨ †h, mKj wkï mvavib weKvk wbq‡gi AšÍ©f‚³ †_‡KI mKj mgq GKB nv‡i ev‡o bv| wkïi kvixwiK cwieZ©‡b e¨w³MZ cv_©K¨ me mgq _v‡K| Zv Qvov me cwieZ©bB eskMwZi êwkó¨ i¶v K‡iB n‡q _v‡K| †hgb - †Kvb †Kvb DcRvZxq‡ì †¶‡Î bvK, †PvL, ‡VuvU †ewk cyiæ I †PvL †QvU n‡q _v‡K|

ev‡j¨ kvixwiK weKv‡ki wba©viK ˆ`wnK MVb (Body build) wkïi D”PZv I IR‡bi Dci cÖfve we Ívi K‡i| Ectomorphic I Endomorphic Mo‡bi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì †P‡q Mesomorphic †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì IRb †ekx nq, Zviv A‡bK ZvovZvwo †e‡o D‡V| †hŠb cwieZ©bI G‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡M ïiæ nq|

fvj ¯v ’¨ I DbœZ gv‡bi cywó wkïi e„w× I weKv‡k Ae`vb iv‡L| cÖ‡Z¨K eq‡m wkïi

¯v ’¨ hZ fvj _vK‡e Ges cywóKi Lvevi Lv‡e ZZ ZvovZvwo ˆ`wnK e„w× I weKvk m¤žbœ n‡e| GQvov chvß© †Ljva~jv, e¨vqvg wkïi kvixwiK weKv‡k BwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j|

Mo eyw×i I Kg eyw×i †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì †P‡q D”P eyw× m¤úbœ †Q‡j‡g‡qi D”PZv I IRb †ewk n‡Z †`Lv hvq| †`‡ni e„w×‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i cywónxbZv|

Qq †_‡K GMvi/ev‡iv eQi eqm ch©šÍ mgq‡K evj¨Kvj e‡j| GB mgq kvixwiK weKvk Lye axi MwZ‡Z nq| M‡o eQ‡i 2Ò-3Ò D”PZv I 3-6 cvDÛ IRb ev‡o| †Q‡j‡ì †P‡q †g‡q‡ì e„w× †ewk nq| G mg‡q mKj A‡½i e„w× GKB fv‡e nq bv e‡j ‡`n AmvgvÄm¨c~Y©

AvK…wZi nq| nvZ I cv cÖk Í nq| kix‡ii wb‡Pi As‡ki e„w× †ewk nq e‡j cv †`‡ni Zzjbvq j¤v g‡b nq| †Wviv KvUv †ckx I e„nr †ckxi MVb Pj‡Z _v‡K| m~¶œ †ckxi weKvk nq| d‡j †ckxi `¶Zv e„w× cvq|


BDwbU 3 80



1. evj¨Kvj ej‡Z †Kvb mgq‡K eySvb n‡q‡Q ? K. 2 - 6 L. Rb¥ - 6 eQi M. 6 - 11/12 eQi N. 2 - 11/12 eQi

2. ev†j¨ †Q‡j I †g‡q‡ì IRb I D”PZv mvaviYZ †Kgb _v‡K? K. mgvb L. ‡Q‡j‡ì †ekx †g‡q‡ì Kg M. ‡g‡q‡ì †ekx †Q‡j‡ì Kg N. ‡Q‡j‡ì D”PZv †ekx wKš‘ †g‡q‡ì IRb †ekx

3. Ossification cÖwµqv Pj‡Z _vKvi Kvi‡Y wK nq? K. †`‡ni wbæfvM j¤v nq L. weKvk †`‡ni gaëZ©x Ask †_‡K cÖv‡šÍi w`‡K hvq M. m~¶ †ckx `¶Zv jvf K‡i N. nvo fv½‡j ZvovZvwo †Rvov jv‡M

Av) msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ 1. kvixwiK weKv‡ki D‡jøL†hvM¨ êwkó¨ wK wK? 2. evj¨Kv‡ji D”PZv I IR‡bi eY©bv w`b| 3. †Q‡j I †g‡qi weKv‡k wK wK cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq? 4. evj¨Kv‡ji ˆ`wnK e„w×i AbycvZ eY©bv Kiæb| 5. †ckxq `¶Zv weKv‡k mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki cÖfv‡ei djvdj wK?

mwVK DËi t A) 1| M, 2| M, 3| N

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BDwbU 3 81

kvixwiK weKvk t ˆK‡kviKvj [Physical Development : Adolescence]

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb ♦ ˆK‡kviKvj wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ GB mg‡q †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì ªyZ weKvk I ˆ`wnK cwieZ©‡bi aviv m¤ú‡K©

e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ ˆK‡kv‡i †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì kvixwiK mgm¨v D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ †Q‡j I ‡g‡qi kvixwiK ea©‡bi cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ eqtmwÜKv‡ji †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì ˆ`wnK cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z

cvi‡eb ♦ †hŠb êwk‡óï bvg D‡jøL I †hŠb êwk‡óï weKvk e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ˆK‡kviKvj (Adolescence) gvby‡li Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mgq nj ˆK‡kvi (Adolescence)| ˆkke I evj¨ †cwi‡q msw¶ß eqmwÜi g†a¨

w`‡q †hŠe‡bi Øvi cÖv‡šÍ †cŠQv‡bvi †h ªyZ,

evošÍ , cwieZ©bkxj mgq Zv‡K ˆK‡kviKvj (Adolescence) ejv nq| GB mg‡q †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ GZ ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK cwieZ©b nq †h Zviv w`‡knviv n‡q c‡o| Avm‡j ˆK‡kvi wK G wb‡q bvbv iKg gZ †`Lv hvq| BsivRx Adolescence K_vwU j¨vwUb kã Adolescere †_‡K G‡m‡Q| Gi A_© nj cwic°Zv AR©b (To grow to maturity) GB A‡_© ˆK‡kvi GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g fwel¨r Rxe‡bi cÖ ‘wZ wnmv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq †KŠkj gvbyl AvqË¡ K‡i| †hŠb cwiYwZi (puberty) Íi†KB A‡b‡K ˆK‡kvi e‡j we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| cÖK…Zc‡¶ evj¨Kv‡ji †kl ch©vq I ˆK‡kv‡ii AvMg‡Yi mwÜ¶Y‡K eqtmwÜKvj (Puberty) e‡j| wØZxq ev‡ii gZ Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q ªyZ cwieZ©b N‡U G mg‡q| Roof Gi g‡Z, GUv nj weKv‡ki †mB mgq hLb †hŠbv½ cwic°Zv jvf K‡i Ges cÖRbb ¶gZv Rb¥vq, Gi mv‡_ kvixwiK I gvbwmK cwieZ©bI n‡q _v‡K| cieZ©x c„ôvi wP‡Î evj¨Kvj I ‰K‡kv‡ii gv‡S eqtmwÜKv‡ji Ae ’vb †`Lv‡bv nj| E.Hurlock evi †_‡K GKzk eQ‡ii mgqKvj‡K ˆK‡kvi wnmv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi g‡Z eqtmwÜKvj GKwU

cvV 5

wPÎ 3-5.1 Avb‡›` D”Qj wKQy wK‡kvix


BDwbU 3 82

we‡kl eqmKvj| G eqmKvj‡K wZwb yÕfv‡e fvM K‡i†Qb, †Zi †_‡K †lvj ch©šÍ cÖ_g ˆK‡kvi I m‡Zi †_‡K GKzk eQi ch©šÍ †kl ˆK‡kvi e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|

¢ e qtmwÜ

e qtmwÜ

0 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

®j−u hRl

S¾j h¡mÉL¡m ¯L−n¡lL¡m

0 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

®j−u hRl

S¾j h¡mÉL¡m ¯L−n¡lL¡m

wPÎ 3-5.2 ev‡jï †klw`K †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ˆK‡kv‡ii cÖ_gw`K ch©šÍ mgq‡K eqtmwÜKvj ev

wcDevwU© e‡j Avgiv nvij‡Ki Abymi‡b wKQy cwieZ©b mv‡c†¶ ‰K‡kvi‡K y‡Uv fv‡M fvM Ki‡Z cvwi| evi †_‡K †PŠÏ eQi Kvj ch©šÍ cÖviw¤¢K ˆK‡kvi (Early Adolescence) Ges c‡bi †_‡K AvVvi ev Zvi ci ch©šÍ †kl ˆK‡kvi (Late Adolescence)| e¨w³, wj½, ’vb Ges cwi‡ek †f‡` wKQy ZviZg¨ mn †gvUvgywU evi †_‡K AvVvi/Dwbk eqm ch©šÍ mgq‡K eqtmwÜKvj ev ˆK‡kvi aiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

kvixwiK weKvk ˆkke Kv‡ji cÖ_g yeQi wkï‡ì ea©b ªyZ nq, Zvi ci axi gš’i n‡q Av‡m| ‰K‡kv‡ii m~Pbvq eqtmwÜKv‡j Avevi GB ea©b bvUKxq fv‡e AvKw¯§K ªyZZv (adolescent growth spurt) jvf K‡i Ges c‡i Avevi gš’i n‡q hvq| GB ªyZ ea©b mvaviYZt †Q‡j‡ì Zzjbvq †g‡q‡ì ZvovZvwo nq| `keQi eq‡m †Q‡jiv †g‡q‡ì †P‡q j¤ev I fvix nq, wKš‘ †Zi eQ‡i µ‡g †`Lv hvq †g‡qiv †Q‡j‡ì †P‡q j¤ev I fvix n‡q hvq| †lvj eQi eq‡m †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Ae¯’vb Avevi ˆK‡kvi c~e© Í‡ii Ae ’v‡b wd‡i hvq| Avevi †Q‡jiv †g‡q‡ì †P‡q †ewk j¤v I IR‡b fvix n‡q hvq| †Q‡j I †g‡q Df‡qi †¶‡ÎB `ªyZ ea©bkxj mgq cÖviw¤¢K ˆK‡kv‡iB Dcw ’Z| †g‡q‡ì ea©b †lvj eQ‡i †kl nq| me †P‡q †ewk ea©b N‡U 13/14 eQ‡i| †Q‡j‡ì ea©b 12/13 eQ‡i ïiæ n‡q †kl nq 18/19 eQi eq‡m| me‡P‡q †ewk ea©b N‡U 15/16 eq‡m| GB ªyZ ea©bkxj mgq Kv‡iv Kg eq‡m ïiæ I ‡kl nq Avevi Kv‡iv †ewk eq‡m Avi¤¢ I †kl nq| AvKw¯§K ea©b eqtmwÜKv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K K‡g hvq| †g‡qiv cÖ_g gvwmK ïiæ nIqvi y‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B Zv‡ì me©‡kl D”PZvi mxgvq †cŠQvq| †Q‡jiv ˆK‡kvi ïiæ nIqvi ci ciB me©‡kl D”PZv jvf K‡i| G mgq †Q‡j‡ì D”PZv GK SwUKvq ‡e‡o †h‡Z †`Lv hvq|


BDwbU 3 83

kvixwiK IR‡bi †¶‡Î †g‡qiv Zv‡ì cÖ_g gvwmK nIqvi wKQy Av‡M I c‡i AwaK cwigv‡b IRb jvf K‡i| Aci w`‡K †Q‡jiv ZviI c‡i IRb jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| GKwU †Zi eQ‡ii †Q‡ji Zzjbvq †Zi eQ‡ii GKwU †g‡q‡K GRb¨B A‡bK †ewk cwic° g‡b nq| †lvj †_‡K AvVvi eQi eq‡m †g‡q‡ì I Dwbk eQi eq‡m †Q‡j‡ì ea©b m¤úb© ev cÖvq m¤úb© n‡q hvq| eqtmwÜKv‡ji Avi¤¢Uv wbwðZfv‡e j¶¨ Kiv hvq| ˆ`wnK cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ †mUv m¤¢ve nq| wKš‘ wVK †Kvb mg‡q e¨w³ cÖvß eq‡®‹i Ae ’v jvf K‡i †mUv mwVK fv‡e ejv m¤¢e nq bv| eqtmwÜKv‡ji †kl ch©v‡q G‡m †g‡qiv D”PZv, IRb,‡ckxi kw³ I ˆ`wnK MVb BZ¨vw` mew`‡K †Q‡j‡ì †P‡q wcwQ‡q c‡o Ges evKx Rxeb G Ae ’vqB _v‡K| Z‡e Avgv‡ì me mgqB g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h e¨w³, cwi‡ek I ’v‡bi m‡½ GB weKv‡ki ZviZg¨ N‡U|

wK‡kvi Kv‡j †`‡ni †ckxZ‡š¿i Ges Aw ’Z‡šÍi e„w× N‡U| we‡kl K‡i eo eo nvo I †ckxi `ªyZ e„w× j¶¨ Kiv hvq| †`‡ni nv‡oi msL¨v Kg‡Z _v‡K| A‡bK mgq ywU nvo †Rvovi jvMvi Kvi‡Y GwU N‡U _v‡K| G mgq †`‡ni wewfbœ hvwš¿K KvR †e‡o hvq| ü`h‡š¿i mwµqZvi ìæb †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k i³Ô mÂvj‡bi cwigvb †e‡o hvq| cvPbZ‡š¿i mwµqZvi Rb¨ Lye †ewk wL‡` cvq| c‡bi eQ‡ii ci ˆ`wnK weKv‡ki nvi Kg‡Z _v‡K| AvKw¯§K cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ †h PvÂj¨ m„wó n‡qwQj Zv Av‡ Í Av‡ Í kvšÍ n‡q Av‡m| GB Í†i †Q‡j‡ì ˆ`wnK weKvk we‡kl fv‡e †ckxi kw³, wewfbœ †ckxi Kv‡R mgš^q Ges wewfbœ A½ cÖZ¨‡½i Kv‡Ri ¶gZvi e„w×i g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K| †Q‡j†ì Kvua c~Y© eq®‹‡ì gZ PIov nq| cÖviw¤¢K ˆK‡kv†i †Q‡j †g‡‡qiv Zv‡ì ˆ`wnK weKv‡ki Rb¨ ms‡KvP †eva K‡i| wKš‘ †kl ˆK‡kv‡i GB ms‡KvP _v‡K bv| Gmgq Zviv ¯v¯’¨ I ‡Pnvivi w`‡K bRi †`q|

kvixwiK mgm¨v ˆK‡kv‡i kixi ªyZ evo‡Z _v‡K wKš‘ ea©‡bi Dcv`vb kix‡i _v‡K bv| †mRb¨ nv‡oi cywó wVKgZ nq bv| nvo wPKb I Acyó ‡_‡K hvq| kix‡i i³k~b¨Zv †`Lv †`q| cwicvKwµqv‡Z µwU N‡U| AvKw¯§K evo‡bi mg‡q †Q‡j †g‡qiv ye©j n‡q c‡o| ev‡jï PvÂj¨ I w¶cÖZv n«vm cvq| Lye mn‡R K¬všÍ n‡q c‡o| Aemv` †`Lv †`q Lye †ewk|

ˆ`wnK cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ †hŠbvM‡gi mg‡q †g‡q‡ì kvixwiK weKv‡k GKUv Av‡jvob †`Lv hvq| wewfbœ A½ cÖZ¨½ ªyZ c~Y©Zvi w`‡K GwM‡q hvq| ni‡gvb wbtmi‡bi d‡j GK A½ Ab¨ A‡½i †P‡q ªyZMwZ‡Z c~b©Zv cÖvß nq| d‡j †Kvb A½ m¤úb© †Kvb A½ Am¤úb© GiKg GKUv wek„sLjv Ae ’v kix‡i ˆZix nq| wKQy w`‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ A½ cÖZ¨‡½i AbycvZ †egvbvb I AmvgÄm¨c~Y© n‡q D‡V| GB Ae ’v †hŠbvMgRwbZ cwieZ©b m¤úb© bv nIqv ch©šÍ Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| gyL I †Pvqv‡ji MVb I AvK…wZ cy‡iv nIqvi Av‡M bv‡Ki c~Y©Zv G‡m hvq| evû I cv‡qi MVb m¤ú~Y© nIqvi Av‡M nvZ cv‡qi cvZv cwic~Y© AvKvi aviY K‡i| wK‡kvi eq‡m †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì nvZ cv j¤ev n‡q hvq| Gfv‡e †`‡ni wewfbœ A½


BDwbU 3 84

cÖZ¨‡½i weKv‡k †egvbvb Ae ’v †`Lv hvq| ˆ`wnK weKvk Lye ªyZ nq e‡j Ges †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡ki weKvk wewfbœ nv‡i nq e‡j †Q‡j†g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ †`n mÂvjbMZ mg¤‡qi Afve we‡kl fv‡e j¶¨ Kiv hvq| ˆK‡kv‡ii †kl w`‡K kvixwiK AbycvZ ¯vfvweK n‡Z _v‡K|

†hŠb êwk‡óï weKvk eqtmwÜKv‡j †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì kvixwiK weKv‡ki g‡a¨ PgKcÖ` I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv nj Zv‡ì †hŠb A½ cÖZ¨‡½i weKvk| ˆkk‡e I ev‡j¨ †hŠbA½ Ac~Y© I Abyc‡hvwM _v‡K| ˆK‡kv‡i c ©vcb Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ G¸‡jv av‡c av‡c c~Y©Zv AR©b Ki‡Z _v‡K| GwjRv‡e_ nvijK †hŠbA†½i c~Y©Zv cÖvwßi mgq yB ai‡bi êwkó¨ cÖKvk cvq e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| GB êwkó¨ ywU nj cÖv_wgK ev gyL¨ †hŠb êwkó¨ (Primary sex chartacteristics) Ges c‡iv¶ ev †MŠY †hŠb‰ewkó¨ (Secondary sex chartacteristics)|

cÖv_wgK †hŠb ‰ewkó¨ ev‡jï Acyó Ges wbw®Œq †hŠbA½ eqtmwÜKv‡ji AvKw¯§K ªyZ ea©‡bi (growth spurt) gva¨‡g †Q‡j I †g‡q DfqB c~Y©Zv †c‡Z ïiæ K‡i| †g‡q‡ì †hŠbA½ Zv‡ì kix†ii wfZ‡i e‡j ïay Zj‡c‡Ui cwieZ©‡b Zv‡ì †hŠbA†½i e„w×i bgybv cÖKvk cvq| †Q‡j‡ì †hŠbA½ kix‡ii evB‡i e‡j Zv‡ì e„w× my¯úófv‡e aiv c‡o| cÖv_wgK †hŠb‰ewk†óï weKvk wK‡kvi eq‡mi D‡jøL†hvM¨ êwkó¨| GB êwkó¨ mivmwi †hŠbA‡½i m‡½ RwoZ| kix‡ii †hŠbMªwš’¸‡jvi c~Y©Zv cÖvwß I mwµqZvi d‡j bvbv iKg †hŠb j¶Y †`Lv †`q| †Q‡j‡ì exh© Drcv`‡bi ¶gZv †Zi ev †PŠÏ eQ‡ii g‡a¨ weKvk jvf K‡i| †g‡q‡ì cÖv_wgK †hŠb ‰ewkó¨ gvwm‡Ki Avwe©fv†ei gva¨‡g cÖKvk cvq| cÖ_g Ae ’vq gvwmK AwbqwgZ n‡jI K‡qK gvm ci Zv wbqwgZ n‡q hvq| Gmgq A‡bK ‡g‡qi g‡a¨ kvixwiK ye©jZv †`q, gv_v aiv, ewg fve BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K|

c‡iv¶ †hŠb êwkó¨ c‡iv¶ †hŠb êwkó¨ mivmwi †hŠbA‡½i mv‡_ hy³ bq| Z‡e GwUI ˆK‡kv†ii D‡jøL‡hvM¨ j¶Y| †Q‡j I †g‡q Df‡qi †hŠb Bw› ª‡qi cwic~Y©Zv N‡U| †`‡ni g‡a¨ wewfbœ †hŠb wPý dz‡U DV‡Z _v‡K| †Zi †_‡K c‡bi eQ‡ii g‡a¨ wewfbœ iKg cwieZ©b †`Lv hvq| Zj‡c‡Ui wb‡P I evûi Zjvq ‡hŠb †jvg MRvq| †Q‡j‡ì `vwo I †Muvd †`Lv †`q, nvZcv †jvgm n‡q D‡V| Mjvi ¯i †f‡½u hvq| †Q‡j‡ì j¨wisKm ev KÚgwb we‡kl e„w× cvq Ges ¯ibvjx j¤vq A‡bKUv †e‡o hvq| †g‡q‡ì Í‡bi e„w× Avi¤¢ nq| †hŠb‡jvg †`Lv †`q| †g‡q‡ì eyK, ‡Kvgi I wb¤œ†`k cÖk Í nq Ges gyL Kgbxq n‡q D‡V| G mg‡q †Q‡j I †g‡qi cv_©K¨ Lye ¯úó n‡q D‡V| eqtmwÜKv‡j gy‡L eªb nq| †hŠbMªwš’ wbqwgZ fv‡e KvR Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| †hŠbweKv‡ki cwic~Y©Zvi d‡j †Q‡j‡g‡qiv bvix I cyiæ‡l iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|


BDwbU 3 85

wPÎ 3-5.3 wK‡kvi Avqbvq †`L‡Q Zvi `vwo †Mvd n‡q‡Q wK bv

ev‡jï †k‡l Avi cÖvß eq‡mi †cŠQv‡bvi g‡aëZ©x mgq n‡”Q ˆK‡kviKvj| eq‡mi wnmv‡e 12-14 ermi n‡”Q cÖ_g ˆK‡kvi I 15-18/19 n‡”Q †kl ˆK‡kvi| G mg‡q kvixwiK weKvk AvKw¯§K ªyZZv jvf K‡i| †g‡q‡ì ea©b †ewk nq 13/14 eQ‡i Avi †Q‡j‡ì 15/16 eQ‡i| ˆK‡kv‡ii †k‡l †Q‡j‡ì D”PZv IRb Avevi †g‡q‡ì †P‡q GwM‡q hvq| †hŠbvM‡gi mg‡q ªyZ ˆ`wnK cwieZ©‡bi d‡j mgMÖ †`‡n web¨v‡m †Kvb mvgvÄm¨ _v‡K bv| wewfbœ Abycv‡Z wewfbœ nv‡i wewfbœ A‡½i cwieZ©b N‡U| ZvB A½ cÖZ¨‡½i weKv‡k †egvbvb Ae ’v †`Lv hvq| G mg‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vcvi n‡”Q †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì †hŠbweKvk| Gmg‡q Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖv_wgK †hŠb êwkó¨ I c‡iv¶ †hŠb êwkó¨ cwic~Y© fv‡e cÖKvk cvq|


BDwbU 3 86



1. ˆK‡kvi Kvj †Kvb eqm‡K e‡j? K. 11 - 19 eQi L. 12 - 18/19 eQi M. 11 - 14 eQi N. 15 - 18 eQi

2. Puberty nj - K. ˆK‡kvi I evj¨Kv‡ji gvSvgvwS mgq L. evj¨Kv‡ji †kl I ˆK‡kv‡ii cÖvi¤¢ M. ˆK‡kv‡ii gvSvgvwS mgq N. ˆK‡kv‡ii †kl I c~Y©eq¯‹Kv‡ji gvSvgvwS

3. ˆK†kv‡i wb‡Pi †Kvb Z_¨wU wVK bq? K. nvZ cv †`‡ni Zzjbvq †ekx j¤v nq L. †hŠb êwkó¨ †`Lv †`q M. ‡Q‡j‡ì Zzjbvq †g‡q‡ì eqtcÖvwß ZvovZvwo nq N. †`‡ni me A½ cÖZ¨‡½i weKvk mgnv‡i nq

Av) msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ 1. ˆK‡kvi ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb? 2. AvKw¯§K ªyZ ea©b KLb wKfv‡e N‡U? 3. †Q‡j I †g‡qi ea©‡bi cv_©K¨ eY©bv Kiæb| 4. ˆK‡kv‡i Aw ’Z‡šÍi e„w× wKfv‡e N‡U? 5. ˆK‡kv‡i wK ai‡bi kvixwiK mgm¨v †`Lv †`q? 6. eqtmwÜKv‡ji ˆ`wnK cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ eY©bv Kiæb| 7. c‡iv¶ †hŠb êwkó¨ wK?

mwVK DËi t A) 1| L, 2| L, 3| N

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BDwbU 3 87

eqtmwÜKv‡j Abvjx MÖwš’mg~‡ni cÖfve [Influence of Endocrine Glands]

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb ♦ wewfbœ Abvjx Mªwš’i bvg D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ wewfbœ Mªwš’i eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb ♦ eqtmwÜKvj I ˆK‡kv‡i Abvjx Mªwš’i cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Abvjx MÖwš’mg~‡ni cÖfve e¨w³i ea©b I AvPiY A‡bKvs‡k MÖwš’ mg~‡ni Kv‡Ri Dci wbf©i K‡i| wcUzBUvix, _vBi‡qW, GwWªbvj I †MvbvW MÖwš’mg~†ni cÖfve ¯úófv‡e †hŠbvMg Kv‡ji m‡½ RwoZ| eqtmwÜKv‡j G me M«wš’ Lye mwµq _v‡K Ges †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì weKv‡k G‡ì KvR Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ fv‡e eqtmwÜKv‡ji NUbv‡K Mªwš’ ¸‡jv †ewk cÖfvweZ K‡i _v‡K| mvgwMÖK fv‡e wewfbœ Mªwš’ e¨w³i ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i| cÖ‡qvRbxq ni‡gv‡bi AvwaK¨ I Ach©vßZv y‡UvB e¨w³i ¯vfvweK weKvk‡K e¨vnZ K‡i|

Mªwš’ wK †ckx ev †`‡ni Ab¨vb¨ A½ cÖZ¨‡½i KvR Avgiv evB‡i †_‡K †`L‡Z cvB| øvqyi gZ Av‡iK ai‡Yi †`nhš¿ Av‡Q hv‡ì KvR Avgiv evB‡i †_‡K cÖZ¨¶ Ki‡Z cvwi bv| Zviv bxi‡e Avov‡j †_‡K KvR K‡i hvi”Q| GB hš¿¸‡jv GKgyL †Lvjv wewfbœ AvK…wZi _wji gZ| G‡ì ga¨w ’Z c`v_© evB‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ evB‡i c`v_© Gi †fZ‡i hvq bv| G‡ì MÖwš’ ev gland ejv nq| †`‡ni bvbv RvqMvq, gw Í‡®‹, Nv‡oi Kv‡Q BZ¨vw` RvqMvq Mªwš’¸wj Qov‡bv Av‡Q| MÖwš’¸‡jv we‡kl we‡kl ai‡bi ˆRe ivmvqwbK im ¶iY K‡i Ges hv cÖZ¨¶ Ges c‡iv¶ fv‡e ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i| G me MÖwš’ wbR¯ c×wZ‡Z †`‡ni Af¨šÍ‡i KvR K‡i hv‡”Q|

MÖwš’i †kªYxwefvM †`†ni Af¨šÍ‡ii MÖwš’¸‡jv‡K mvavibZt yÕ†kªYx‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| mbvjx MÖwš’ I Abvjx MÖwš’| mbvjx Mªwš’i bvjx w`‡q Mªwš’im kix‡ii bvbv As‡k c‡o| jvjv MÖwš’, cvPK MÖwš’, AMœvkq, hK…r, (Liver) Ng©MÖwš’, AkªyMÖwš’ ¸‡jv n‡”Q mbvjx MÖwš’| †hme MÖwš’i m‡½ †Kvb bvjx †bB †m¸‡jv‡K Abvjx MÖwš’ e†j (Ductlessgland)| Gme Mªwš’i im mivmwi i‡³

wg‡k hvq| GB Mªwš’¸‡jvi ¶iY Af¨šÍixb e‡j G¸‡jv‡K AšÍ t¶iv Mªwš’ (endocrine gland) I e‡j| wcUzBUvix, _vBi‡qW, GwWªbvj G¸‡jv Abvjx Mªwš’| Mªwš’ wbtm„Z im LyeB ¶gZv m¤úbœ ˆRe ivmvqwbK c`v_©| GB im‡K ni‡gvb (Hormone) ejv nq|

cvV 6


BDwbU 3 88

wb‡P cÖ‡qvRbxq AšÍ¶iv Mªwš’mg~‡ni ni‡gvb wK fv‡e gvbe kix‡i wµqv K‡i †m m¤ú‡K© wKQy eY©bv †Ìqv nj

wPÎ 3-6.1 Abvjx MÖwš’ mg ‡ni Ae ’vb

wcUzBUvix Mªwš’ (Pituitary gland) wcUzBUvwi MÖwš’ Avgv‡ì eyw×i weKvk, †`‡ni MVb I my ’Zv Ges AvPi‡Yi †¶‡Î me‡P‡q †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| GB MÖwš’i Av‡iK bvg nvB‡cvdvBwmm| gv_vi gvSvgvwS ¸iæ gw Í‡¯‹i bx‡P GB MÖwš’ Aew ’Z| Gi AvKvi GKwU gUi`vbvi gZ| GB MÖwš’ wbR¯ wµqv QvovI GwWªbvj, _vBi‡qW Ges †hŠb MÖwš’i KvR wbqš¿Y K‡i| ZvB G‡K cÖfzMÖwš’ (Master gland) ejv n‡q _v‡K| †Kvb Kvi‡Y GB MÖwš’¸wji ¶iY K‡g †M‡j wcUzBUvwi GKwU Dchy³ ni‡gvb Drcv`b K‡i ye©j MÖwš’wU‡K ¯vfvweK K‡i †Zv‡j| wcUzBUvwii yBwU cÖavb Ask i‡q‡Q - m¤§yL fvM I cðvZ fvM| m¤§yL fvM n‡Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨ QqwU ni‡gvb wbtm„Z nq| GB ni‡gvb¸‡jvi cÖwZwUB wfbœ wfbœ KvR K‡i| _vBi‡qW DÏxcK ni‡gvb _vBi‡qW MÖwš’i e„w× Ges ¶iY‡K DÏxwcZ K‡i| G¨vwWª‡bvKwU©‡KvUªwcb GwWªbvj MÖwš’i weKvk I e„w×‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| GB ni‡gvb GwWªbvj K‡U‡·i ¶i‡Y mvnvh¨ K‡i| ea©b ni‡gvb kix‡ii MVb I AvK…wZ wbqš¿b K‡i| GB ni‡gv‡bi AwZwi³ wbtmi‡Y e¨w³ A¯vfvweK j¤v nq| Aí eq‡mB †KD mvZ †_‡K bq dzU ch©šÍ j¤v n‡Z cv‡i| A¯vfvweK D”PZv I weivU AvKv‡ii nvZ, cv, †Pvqvj, wekvj †`n GB ni‡gv‡bi Avwa‡Kï d‡j nq| ˆ`wnK MVb ˆ`Z¨vKvi n‡jI Giƒc e¨w³ A‡bK mgq ye©j nq| Avevi GB ni‡gvb cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq Kg wbtm„Z n‡j e¨w³i †`‡ni MVb ev‡o bv| †m †eu‡U I †MvjvKvi nq| dwjKj DÏxcK ni‡gvb I wjDwUbvBwRs ni‡gvb‡K †Mvbv‡WvwUªwcK ni‡gvb ejv nq| GB ni‡gvb gvby‡li †hŠbZvi mvgwMÖK


BDwbU 3 89

weKvk‡K wbqš¿b K‡i Ges †hŠb MÖwš’i ¶iY‡K DÏxwcZ K‡i| eqtmwÜ‡Z GB ni‡gvb wbtm„Z bv n‡j ev AwZ Aí gvÎvq wbtm„Z n‡j bvix‡`‡n wW¤vk‡qi c~Y© weKvk nq bv| eqtmwÜKv‡j ea©b ni‡gvb I †Mvbv‡WvUªwcK ni‡gv‡bi ¯vfvweK ¶iY e¨w³i Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨K| †cÖvj¨vKwUb bvgK ni‡gvb ¯úx‡`‡n ¯úb¨ y» Drcv`b I gvZ…myjf AvPiY m„wó‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

cðv` fvM n‡Z wbtm„Z ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ni‡gvb nj GbwUwWD‡ivwUK I AKwm‡Uvwmb| GbwUwWBD‡iwUK kix‡ii Zij c`v‡_©i cwigvY wbqš¿Y K‡i| GB ni‡gv‡bi ¶iY Kg n‡j kK©ivnxb eûg~Î †ivM nq Ges kix‡i cvwbi Afve †`Lv †`q| AKwm‡Uvwmb mšÍvb cÖm‡ei mgq Rivqyi ms‡KvPb cÖmvi‡Y mvnvh¨ K‡i|

_vBi‡qW Mªwš’ (Thyroid gland) Mjvi cv‡k k¦vm bvjxi yB av‡i GB MÖwš’wU Aew ’Z| GwU †`L‡Z A‡bKUv cÖRvcwZi gZ| G MÖwš’ †_‡K _vBiKwmb bvgK ni‡gvb wbtm„Z nq| _vBi‡qW m¤úwK©Z A‡bK †iv‡Mi weKvk ˆK‡kvi I DËi- ˆK‡kv‡i †`Lv hvq| GB MÖwš’ kix‡ii wecvK wµqv Ges †gŠjZvc Drcv`‡bi cwigvY wbqš¿b K‡i| _vBi‡qW MÖwš’ †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq im ev ni‡gvb wbtm„Z bv n‡j wkïi kvixwiK I gvbwmK weKvk e¨vnZ nq| _vBiKwm‡bi Afv‡e gvbyl µgkt ’‚j I Ajm cÖK…wZi nq| Aí cwikª‡g Aembœ n‡q hvq| ea©bKv‡j _vBi‡qW MÖwš’i‡mi gvÎv Kg n‡j †µwUbBmg (Cretinism) e‡j GKwU Ae ’vi m„wó nq| †µwUb‡ì kixi Le© nq, †cU eo nq, cv euvKv nq Ges gvbwmK ea©b e¨vnZ nq|

eq¯‹‡ì †ejvq _vBiKwm‡bi Afv‡e wgK‡mwWgv bvgK †ivM nq| kix‡ii DËvc n«vm, i³Pvc n«vm, Pzj c‡o hvIqv, nvZ cv dz‡j hvIqv, AvZœmsh‡gi Afve, KvRK‡g© Drmv‡ni Afve, AjmZv, welbœZv I me©`v Ny‡gi fve GB †iv‡Mi j¶Y| GB ni‡gvb AwaK gvÎvq wbtmi‡Yi d‡j i‡³i Pvc e„w×, ªyZ bvoxi ¯ú›`b, AwZwi³ PÂjZv, D‡ËRbv, Aw¯’iZv, øvqy †`Šej¨, Awb ªv, IRb n«vm cÖf…wZ Amyweav †`Lv †`q| _vBi‡qW MÖwš’i mv‡_ GKwU mycwiwPZ †ivM MjM‡Ûi Mfxi m¯úK© i‡q‡Q| i‡³ AvBIwWb bv _vK‡j _vBi‡qW MÖwš’ _vBiw·b ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †h me GjvKvi gvwU‡Z AvBIwWb Kg, †m me GjvKvi †jvK‡ìB we‡kl K‡i MjMÛ nq|

wPwKrmK, Pvj©m GBP, j‡i‡Ýi wi‡cvU© †_‡K GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †KB‡mi eY©bv cvIqv hvq| c‡bi eQ‡ii Rwb ¯‹z‡j Zvi Af‚Zc~e© mvd‡jï ci nVvr K‡i ytLRbK fv‡e me wel‡q †dj Ki‡Z ïiæ Kij| wk¶Kiv Zv‡K Ag‡bv‡hvMx I Amn‡hvMx e‡j wPwýZ Ki‡jb| ¯‹zj †_‡K ewn®‹vi Kiv nj Zv‡K| †Q‡jwUi Drmv‡ni Afve, Ag‡bv‡hvMxZv Ges e¨_©Zvi KviY wnmv‡e Wv³vi Zvi _vBi‡qW Mªwš’i wbw®ŒqZv `vqx e‡j †`L‡jb| Dchy³ _vBi‡qW wPwKrmvi ci †Q‡jwU Avevi Av‡Mi gZ ¯‹z‡j PgrKvi djvdj Ki‡Z ïiæ Kij|

c¨viv_vBi‡qW Mªwš’ (Parathyroid gland) _vBi‡qW Mªwš’i Pvi †Kv‡b Aew ’Z PviwU ¶y ªvKvi M«wš’ nj c¨viv_vBi‡qW Mªwš’| GB M«wš’ †_‡K wbtm„Z c¨viv‡_vigb †`‡n K¨vjwmqv‡gi gvÎv wbqš¿Y K‡i| †`‡ni Aw ’, uvZ BZ¨vwì ¯vfvweK MV‡b cÖfve we Ívi K‡i| Gi Afv‡e Aw ’ Acwicyó nq, †`n weK…Z


BDwbU 3 90

nq| GB Mªwš’i AZ¨vwaK wµqvi d‡j e¨w³i g‡a¨ eyw×nxbZvi Qvc c‡o| †ckx‡Z Uvb c‡o, nvZ cv Kuvc‡Z _v‡K| øvqweK Aw ’iZv, Abyf‚wZ cÖebZv BZ¨vw` †`Lv †`q|

GwWªbvj Mªwš’ (Adrenal gland)

cÖwZwU wKWbxi Ici GKwU K‡i GwWªb¨vj MÖwš’ Uzwci gZ emv‡bv _v‡K| †hŠbg jK e„w×i †¶‡Î GB MÖwš’i cÖfve Av‡Q| GwWªb¨vj MÖwš’i ywU Ask| evB‡ii AskwU‡K GwWªb¨vj Ki‡U· (Adrenal cortex) ejv nq| Avi †fZ‡ii AskwU bvg n‡”Q GwWªb¨vj †gWzjv (Adrenal medulla) GwWªb¨vj Ki‡U· †_‡K KwU©b, KwU©‡mvj, KiwU‡Kv‡ó‡ivb (Corticosterone) BZ¨vw` ni‡gvb wbtm„Z nq| GwWªb¨vj Ki‡U· bó n‡q †M‡j g„Zz¨ Aek¨¤¢ex| GB Ae ’vq GwWªb¨vj ni‡gvb Øviv wPwKrmv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| KwU©b Avgv‡ì kix‡ii Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRb| KwU©‡bi ¯í wbtmi‡Y - i³Pvc n«vm, nR‡g MÛ‡Mvj, AwZwi³ K¬vwšÍ,Aemv`,†ckxi ye©jZv, cÖwZ‡iva kw³ n«vm BZ¨vw` †`Lv †`q| ˆkk‡e GB MÖwš’i cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwaK wbtmiY †Q‡j Ges †g‡q Df‡qi g‡a¨ cyiælvjx fve m„wó K‡i| Ges †g‡q‡ì bvixmyjf eënvi bó K‡i| †g‡q‡ì Mjvi ¯i †gvUv I M¤¢xi nq, MÛ‡`k †gvUv nq| GwWªb¨vj †gWzjv MÖwš’ †_‡K GwWªb¨vwjb (Adrenalin) ev Gwc‡bwd«b (Epinephrine) bvgK ni‡gvb ¶wiZ nq| GB ni‡gvb mg‡e`x øvqygÛjx‡K D‡ËwRZ K‡i| Gi d‡j k¦vm-cÖk¦vm, i³Pvc, †`‡ni Zvc Drcv`b BZ¨vw` e„w× cvq, †Pv‡Li Zviv weùvwiZ nq, kix‡i Nvg †`Lv †`q| Av‡e‡Mi mv‡_ GB ni‡gv‡bi Mfxi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| †`Lv †M‡Q, AZ¨vwaK fq, ivM BZ¨vw` Av‡eMi mgq GB ni‡gvb AwZwi³ cwigv‡b wbtm„Z nq| Av‡e†Mi mgq AwZwi³ mwµqZv I kvixwiK kw³ hywM‡q _v‡K GB ni‡gvb| †hgb- †i‡M Db¥Ë n‡q jovB Kivi Rb¨ ev f‡q cvjv‡bvi Rb¨ Dchy³ kw³ mieivn K‡i GB MÖwš’| G Kvi‡Y GB MÖwš’‡K Avc`Kvjxb MÖwš’ (Emergency gland) ejv nq|

†hŠb MÖwš’ (Sex gland or gonads) G Mªwš’ Zj‡c‡Ui wb‡P Aew ’Z| cyiæ‡li †hŠb MÖwš’i bvg AÛ‡Kvl I †g‡q‡ì †hŠb Mªwš’i bvg wW¤vkq| G Mªwš’i wbtm„Z ni‡gvb c‡iv¶ †hŠb êwkó¨ m„wó Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| GB ni‡gv‡bi cÖfv‡e eqtmwÜKv‡j †hŠb j¶Y cÖKvk cvq Ges †hŠb Kvgbvi m„wó nq|

AMœ¨vkq (Pancreas) g~Îk‡qi Kv‡Q Gi Ae ’vb| AMœv¨vk‡qi †fZi Aew ’Z AvB‡jUm& Ad j¨v½vinb&m& (Islets of Langerhans) †_‡K Bbmy¨wjb bvgK ni‡gvb Drcbœ nq| Bbmy¨wjb i‡³ kK©ivi cwigvY wbqš¿Y K‡i| Bbmy¨wj‡bi Afv‡e i‡³ kK©iv ev‡o I gy‡Îi mv‡_ kK©iv †ei nq, G‡Z KvR Kievi kw³ K‡g hvq, gvbwmK Aemv` I weiæw³ Av‡m, wPšÍvkw³ n«vm cvq| AMœ¨vk‡qi GKwU Ask Abvjx Ges AciwU mbvjx wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|

wcwbqvj MÖwš’ (Pineal gland) GB Mªwš’ gw Í‡®‹i gvSLv‡b Aew ’Z| Gi KvR m¤ú‡K© mwVK fv‡e GLbI Rvbv hvqwb| mvZ eQi eqm †_‡K GB Mªwš’ ¶q †c‡Z _v‡K| Rvbv g‡Z GB Mªwš’i ni‡gvb „wókw³ cÖLi K‡i| ˆ`wnK e„w×‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|


BDwbU 3 91

AšÍ¶iv Mªwš’¸‡jv bvbv fv‡e e¨w³i mylg weKv‡k mvnvh¨ K‡i| ˆK‡kvi ev eqtmwÜKv‡j G‡ì cÖfve D‡jøL‡hvM¨ fv‡e †`Lv hvq| †`n-hš¿ I gvbwmK cÖwµqv me wKQyi DciB G‡ì cÖfve my¯úó| Gme ni‡gvb ˆ`wnK weKvk Qvov e¨w³i eyw×, Abyf‚wZ, †hŠb Rxeb Ges Zvi e¨w³ mË¡vi Dci we‡klfv‡e cÖfve we Ívi K‡i|

AšÍ ¶iv Mªwš’ bvbv fv‡e e¨w³i mylg weKv‡k mvnvh¨ K‡i| eqtmwÜKv‡ji weKv‡k G‡ì A‡bK cÖfve| Mªwš’ wbtm„Z ni‡gv‡bi AvwaK¨ Ges Ach©vßZv y‡UvB e¨w³i ¯vfvweK weKvk e¨vnZ K‡i| Mªwš’ ¸‡jv kix‡ii wewfbœ RvqMvq Qov‡bv Av‡Q| Mªwš’ y-iKg t mbvjx I Abvjx ev AšÍ ¶iv Mªwš’| Aevjx MÖwš’ im mivmwi i‡³ wg‡k hvq| wcUzBUvix, _vBi‡qW, c¨viv_vBi‡qW GwWªbvj, ‡MvbvW,AMœ¨vkq G¸‡jv n‡”Q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Abvjx Mªwš’|


BDwbU 3 92



1. Abvjx Mªwš’ †KvbwU? K. jvjv MÖwš’ L. Ng© MÖwš’ M. _vBi‡qW MÖwš’ N. Akªy MÖwš’

2. gUi`vbvi AvK…wZ wewkó gw Í‡®‹i wb‡P Aew ’Z Mªwš’wUi bvg wK?

K. †MvbvW L. GwWªbvj M. wcUzBUvix N. AMœ¨vkq

3. _vBiw·b ni‡gvb wbtm„Z nq †Kvb Mªwš’ †_‡K?

K. _vBi‡qW L. c¨vbwµqvm M. wcwb‡qj N. _vBgvm

4. Abvjx Mªwš’i ¶wiZ im wK nq?

K. mivmwi i‡³ wg‡k hvq L. mbvjx Mªwš’i i‡mi ms‡M wg‡k hvq M. Mªwš’i †fZ‡i KvR K‡i N. cvwbi m‡½ kixi †_‡K †ewi‡q Av‡m

5. c¨viv_vBi‡qW Mªwš’ wK K‡i?

K. Av‡e‡Mi weKvk NUvq L. Aw ’ I uvZ MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i M. †`‡ni A¯vfvweK e„w× NUvq N. mevi g‡a¨ cyiæ‡lvwPZfve m„wó K‡i

�


BDwbU 3 93

Av) msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ

1. AšÍ ¶iv Mªwš’ wK? †Kb G‡`i AšÍ ¶iv ejv nq?

2. wcUzBUvix Mªwš’i ni‡gv‡bi KvR eY©bv Kiæb|

3. _vBi‡qW Mªwš’i KvR e¨vnZ n‡j wK nq?

4. †Kvb Abvjx Mªwš’ †hŠb weKv‡k cÖfve we Ívi K‡i? H Mªwš’i KvR eY©bv Kiæb|

5. GwWªbvj Mªwš’i cÖ‡qvRbxZv wK?

mwVK DËi t A) 1| M, 2| M, 3| K, 4| K, 5| L


BDwbU 3 94

P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vqb


1. †Rvbm weKvkgvb Rxeb‡K Kq Í‡ifvM K‡i‡Qb? K. 8 L. 3 M. 4 N. 6

2. †Kvb e³e¨wU mwVK bq? K. weKvk mKj Í‡i mgvb fv‡e N‡U bv L. weKv‡ki wbqg n‡”Q mvavib ag©x weKvk †_‡K we‡kl ag©x

weKv‡ki w`‡K GwM‡q hvIqv M. wkï KjK‚Rb Kivi Av‡M K_v ej‡Z wk‡L N. m~² †ckxi Av‡M e„nr †ckxi mgš^q N‡U

3. R‡b¥i mgq gvbe wkïi D”PZv mvaviYZ KZ? K. 17Ò- 18Ò L. 18Ò- 19Ò M. 19Ò- 20Ò N. 20 Ò - 21 Ò

4. Mesomorphic ˆ`wnK MVb ej‡Z wK eySvq? K. `xN© I ¶xY †`n L. `xN© I ewjô †`n M. †MvjMvj I †g`eûj †`n N. †MvjMvj I †g`nxb †`n

5. Proximodistal bxwZ Abyhvqx weKvk wK fv‡e N‡U? K. mÂvj‡bi weKvk †`n Kv‡Ûi wbKU A†½ cÖ_‡g nq L. mÂvj‡bi weKvk †`n Kv‡Ûi ~‡ii A‡½ cÖ_g nq M. mÂvj‡bi weKvk nv‡Zi Av½yj ‡_‡K Avi¤¢ nq N. mÂvj‡bi weKvk cv †_‡K Avi¤¢ nq|

6. †g‡q‡`i †¶‡Î kvixwiK weKv‡ki nvi me‡P‡q Kg KLb? K. 7 †_‡K 8 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ L. 2 †_‡K 3 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ M. 9 †_‡K 10 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ N. 4 †_‡K 5 eQ‡ii g‡a¨

�


BDwbU 3 95

7. ˆK‡kv‡i †`‡ni D”PZv I IRb wK nv‡i cwiewZ©Z nq? K. ªyZ nv‡i evo‡Z _v‡K L. ªyZ nv‡i Kg‡Z _v‡K M. gš’i MwZ‡Z evo‡Z _v‡K N. Lye gš’i MwZ‡Z evo‡Z _v‡K

Av) msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ 1. kvixwiK weKv‡ki ˆewkó¨ mg~n e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

2. ˆkk‡ei kvixwiK weKvk eY©bv Kiæb|

3. mÂvjbg~jK weKv‡ki bxwZ mg~n D‡jøL Kiæb|

4. ˆkk‡e cv‡qi †ckx wbqš¿‡bi µgweKvk eY©bv Kiæb|

5. evj¨Kv‡j †ckxq `¶Zv AR©‡bi µgaviv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

6. eqtmwÜKv‡ji †hŠbweKvk ch©v‡jvPbv Kiæb|

7. eqtmwÜKv‡j wewfbœ Abvjx Mªwš’i cÖfve eY©bv Kiæb

mwVK DËi t A) 1| M, 2| M, 3| M, 4| M, 5| K, 6| M, 7| K

kvixwik ea©b i wekvk - bangladesh open · pdf file• cöviw¤¢k...

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