ky no-till tobacco projectno-till in soybean residue yield (lbs./ac.) 2017 no-till tobacco yield...
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KY No-Till Tobacco Project(Overcoming Challenges For Success)
Jon Anderson KY Department Fish and Wildlife Resources Brad Brown
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How did this project evolve?
Jon Anderson started in 2012 in Somerset, KY.
Led to a Position in West KY
Partnered with Pulaski and ChristianCounty Conservation Districts with the Equipment
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Our Goal
Assist tobacco growers in applying good conservation in tobacco production with an end result of converting to no-till.
• Reduce Soil Erosion
• Improve Water Quality
• Enhance Wildlife Habitat
• Profitability
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So How Do We Accomplish Our Goals?
• Take no-till transplanters to field
• Assist Growers with a test plot of no-till tobacco
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No Till Tobacco Project Totals
2013 - 107.5 ac./19 producers
2014 - 228 ac./ 31 producers
2015 - 426 ac./ 56 producers
2016 - 475 ac./ 65 producers
2017 - 507 ac./ 56 producers
Yellow counties represent wherewe have had no-till plots
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Reasons To Grow No-Till Tobacco?
• Greatly Reduces Runoff and Erosion
• Less Disturbance to Soil Structure
• Increased Water Infiltration
• Increased Moisture Holding Capacity In Soil
• Much Less Energy Inputs
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Other Benefits of No-Till Tobacco
Much Cleaner Product at Harvest
Better Ground Conditions for ManagementPractices
Less Disease Spread
Wildlife Benefits
Compliance
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Why isn’t more Tobacco Being Grown Using No-Till ?
• Of the 85,000 acres of tobacco, still only 5 -10 % is being grown using no-till.
• More prevalent in central/eastern Ky.
• 30% using strip till in western KY.
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Some Reasons May Be:
• Changing Traditions• Equipment Cost / Upgrades• Market Uncertainty
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Yield?
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322 274
30653197
0
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CONVENTIONAL TILLED IN SOYBEAN RESIDUE
NO-TILL IN SOYBEAN RESIDUE
Yiel
d (lb
s./ac
.)
2017 No-till Tobacco Yield Plot in Calloway County
Lug Leaf
Total Yield (lbs./ac.)3471
Variety = D6 Dark Fire Cured Tobacco in both plots
Set Date = No-till 5/18/17Conv. Till 5/23/17
Plant Spacing = No-till 4900 plants/ac.Conv. Till 4585 plants/ac.
3387
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0 0 128 110 0 24 36431 411 400372 323
488 494
107
652 693
838 841
1325
3906 3875
2672 2628
2786
19092022
362 349
489
0
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1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
CARLISLE CO. DARK FIRE D6
NO-TILL
CARLISLE CO. DARK FIRE 7309
STRIP-TILL
CALLOWAY CO. DARK FIRE NL
MADOLE STRIP-TILL
CALLOWAY CO. DARK FIRE NL
MADOLE NO-TILL
CALLOWAY CO. DARK FIRE D14
NO-TILL
CALLOWAY CO. DARK FIRE D6
NO-TILL
MARSHALL CO. DARK FIRE
NO-TILL
CALLOWAY CO. BURLEY KT 212
CONV. TILL
CALLOWAY CO. BURLEY KT 212
NO-TILL
HOPKINS CO. BURLEY 7371
NO-TILL
Yiel
d (lb
s./ac
.)
2016 No-till Tobacco Yield Plot Data Western Kentucky
Trash Lugs LeafTotal Yield (lbs./ac.)
4198
3288 3232
2893
25852751
1631 1601
2214
* Yields were greatly affected by heavy amounts of rain and the presence of disease in many areas during the 2016 growing season.
Side by Side Trial in Carlisle Co. Side by Side
Trial in Calloway Co.
Side by SideTrial inCalloway Co.
4278
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580 585 721
2922
26562729
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NO-TILL IN SPRAYED DOWN
COVER CROP
NO-TILL IN ROLLED DOWN COVER CROP
CONVENTIONAL TILLED IN
COVER CROP
Yiel
d (lb
s./ac
.)
2015 No-till Tobacco Yield Plot in Webster County with Cover Crops
Lug Leaf
Total Yield (lbs./ac.)
32413450
Cover Crop consists of 50 lbs./ac. of Cereal Rye5 lbs./ac. of Crimson Clover, and 2 lbs./ac. of Tillage Radish
Planted early September 2014
Sprayed Down Cover was terminated at around 12” tall
Rolled cover was terminated around 4 ft. by being chemically sprayed andthen rolled with cultipacker
Cover Crop in the conventional tilled tobacco was sprayed at 12” talland then tilled under.
3502
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ModernSetters
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Old Style No-till Setter
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Poor Quality Set Quality Set
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Keys to Success
1. Know the Soil Type
A. Silt Loam or Sandy LoamB. Soil Moisture at setting time
1. Myth “Can Set No-till Quicker”
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Setting too Wet!
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As a Result:(Restricted Root Growth)
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Keys to Success
2. Site Selection
A. Follow Crop field or cover cropB. Sod or areas of sparse cover not
recommended
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Keys to Success3. Follow Strict Herbicide Protocol
A. Pre-plant Herbicides1. Glyphosphate or Gramaxone as burndowns2. Spartan3. Prowl4. Command5. Devrinol
B. Post-plant Herbicides1. Command2. Devrinol
C. Few Rescue Options1. Poast for grass2. Shield sprayers3. Mechanical ( garden hoe, weedeater, cultivator)
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Bad Site Preparation Good Site Preparation
Weed Control
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Keys to Success
4. Fertilization
A. Soil Test B. Apply Lime and Phosphorus/Potassium in FallC. Nitrogen
1. Split Applications is optimal
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Keys to Success
5. Cover Crops
A. Plant early after harvest( Benefits: Protect top soil, Build Organic Matter,
Scavage nutrients, Feeds MicroOrganism)
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Cover Crop Research• Studying the effects cover crops have
on soil and no-till tobacco
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Questions?
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