KYPHOSIS AHMAD MHD ALDHLAWIY

CONTENT ..

SOEPEL

Treatment

ANATOMY

Definition

Causes

S\S

investigation

SOEPEL:

• subject:

28 year old male has a profound roundback (increased kyphosis in the thoracic spine measuring 95 degrees). his posture has progressively worsened. he suffers from low back pain which is most likely due to compensation of the lumbar spine into hyperlordosis.

SOEPEL ..Object:

Increased kyphosis in the thoracic spine measuring 95 degrees.

EVALUATION (DD):

Kyphosis, Hip flexion contracture, lordosis.

PLAN:

X-ray, MRI.

SOEPEL ..

ELABORATION:

Exercise, surgery.

LEARNING GOAL:

Kyphosis

ANATOMY ..

CONT. MOVEMENT

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DEFINITION …  is abnormal curving of the spine that causes a bowing or rounding of the back, which

leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.

CAUSES ..

• Osteoporosis.

• Disk degeneration.

• Cancer and cancer treatments.

• Scheuermann's disease.

• Birth defects.

TYPES .. • Postural kyphosis: it is commonly attributed to slouching and is reversible by

correcting muscular imbalances. ( By combination of neuromuscular re-education and exercise) .

• Scheuermann’s kyphosis: can cause varying degrees of pain. Can affect other area of spin. The cannot consciously correct posture because the apex of the curve is very rigid.

CONT. • Congenital kyphosis: Vertebrae may be malformed or fused together and can

cause further progressive kyphosis as the child develops.

• Nutritional kyphosis can result from nutritional deficiencies, especially during childhood, such as vitamin D deficiency which causes Rickets, a softening of the bones that results in curving of the spine and limbs under the child’s body weight.

INVESTIGATION ..

• History and physical examination .

• X-rays. plain x-rays are used to determine the degree of curvature and can detect deformities of the vertebrae, which helps identify the type of kyphosis.

• CT-scan.

• MRI: if suspects a tumor or infection

TREATMENT ..

Nonsurgical treatment:

an initial program of conservative treatment that includes exercises and anti-inflammatory medications (for discomfort) is recommended for patients with scheuermann's kyphosis. if the patient is still growing, the doctor may prescribe a brace. the patient typically wears the brace until skeletal maturity is reached.

CONT.Surgical treatment:

• surgery may be recommended if the kyphotic curve exceeds 75°. the goals of surgery are:

• to reduce the degree of curvature by straightening and fusing the abnormal spinal segments together

• to maintain the improvement over time

• to alleviate significant back discomfort, if present preoperatively