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TRANSCRIPT
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PHYSICS
B.Sc.I
OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE
The undergraduate training in Physics is aimed at providing the necessary inputs so as to set forth the task of bringing about new and innovative indeas/concepts so that the formulated model curricula in physics becomes in tune with the changing scenario and incorporate new and rapid advancements and multi disciplinary skills, societal relevance, global interface, self sustaining and supportive learning. It is desired that under graduate i.e. B.Sc. level besides grasping the basic concepts of physics should in addition have broader vision. Therefore, they should be exposed to societal interface of physics and role of physics in the development of technologies.
EXAMINATION SCHEME:
1. There shall be 2 theory papers of 3 hours duration each and one practical paper of 4 hours duration. Each paper shall carry 50 marks.
2. Numerical problems of at least 30% will compulsorily be asked in each theory paper.
3. In practical paper, each student has to perform two experiments, one from each group as listed in the list of experiments.
4. Practical examination will be of 4 hours duration-one experiment to be completed in 2 hours.
The distribution of practical marks will be as follows:
Experiment : 15 + 15 = 30
Viva Voce : 10
Internal assessment : 10
5. The external examiner should ensure that at least 16 experiments are in working order at the time of examination and submit a certificate to this effect.
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PHYSICS
B.Sc.I
PAPER - I
MECHANICS, OSCILLATIONS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER
UNIT-1
Laws of motion, motion in a uniform field, components of velocity and acceleration
T-1 in different coordinate systems. (Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical) uniformly
rotating frame, centripetal acceleration, Coriolis force and its applications. Motion
under a central force, Kepler's laws. Gravitational law and field. Potential due to a
spherical body. System of particles, center of mass, equation of motion, conservation
of linear & angular momentum, conservation of energy.
UNIT-2
Rigid body notion, rotational motion, moments of inertia and their products,
principal moments & axes, Introductory idea of Euler's equations. potential well and
periodic oscillations, case of harmonic small oscillations, differential equation and
its solution, kinetic and potential energy, examples of simple harmonic oscillations,
spring and mass system, simple and compound pendulum, torsional pendulam.
UNIT-3
Bifilar oscillations, helmholtz resonator, LC circuit, vibrations of a magnet,
oscillations of two masses connected by a spring. Superpostion of two simple
harmonc motions of the same frequency, Lissajous figures, case of different
frequencies. Damped harmonc oscillator', power dissipation, quality factor,
examples, driven (forced) B.Sc.-I (14) harmonic oscillator, transient and steady
states, power absorption, resonance. Note : (The emphasis here should be on the
mechanical aspects and not on the details of the apparatus mentioned, which are
indicated as applications of principles involved)
UNIT-4
E as an UNIT-4 accelerating field, electron gun, case of discharge tube, linear
accelerator, E as deflecting field- CRO sensitivity, Transverse B field, 180o
deflection, mass spectrograph, curvatures of tracks for energy determination,
principle of a cyclotron. Mutually perpendicular E and B fields-velocity selector, its
resolution. Parallel E and B fields, positive ray parabolas, discovery of isotopes,
elements of mass spectrography, principle of magnetic focussing (lens.)
UNIT-5
Elasticity, small deformations, Hooke's law elastic constants for an isotropic solid
and relations between them beams supported at both the ends, cantilever, torsion of
cylinder, bending moments and shearing forces. Kinematics of moving fluids,
equations of continuity. Euler's equation, Benaulli's theorem, viscous fluids,
steamline and turbulent flow. Poiseulle's law. Capillary tube flow, Reynold's
number, Stokes law, surface tension and surface energy, molecular interpretation of
surface tension, pressure on a curved liquids surface, wetting.
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS :
E M purcell, Ed Berkely physics course vol.
Mechanics (Mc. Gr. Hill) R P Feynman, R B lighton and M Sands,
The Feynman lectures in physics, vol I (B) publications, Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta,
and Madras
D P Khandelwal, Oscillations and waves (Himalaya Publishing House Bombay)
R. K. Ghosh, The Mathematics of waves and vibrations (Macmillan 1975).
J.C. Upadhyaya- Mechanics (Hindi and English Edition.)
D.S. Mathur- Mechanics and properties of matter.
Brij lal and subramanium- Osccillations and waves. Resnick and Halliday- Volume I
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PHYSICS
B.Sc.I
PAPER - II
ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
UNIT-1
Functions of two and three variables, partial derivatives, geometrical interpretation
of partial derivatives of functions of two variables. Total differential of a function of
two and three variables. Repeated integrals of a function of more than one variable,
definition of a double and triple integral. Scalars and vectors, dot and cross products,
triple vector product, gradient of a scalar field and its geometrical interpretation,
divergnence and curl of a vector field, line, surface and volume integrals, flux of a
vector field. Gauss's divergence theorem, Green's theorem and Stokes theorm.
UNIT-2
Columbs law in vacuum expressed in Vector forms calculations of E for simple
UNIT-2 distributions of charges at rest, dipole and quadrupole fields. Work done on
a charge in a electrostatic field expressed as a line integral, conservative nature of
the electrostatic field. Electric potential φ φ , r r E = −∇ , torque on a dipole in a
uniform electric field and its energy, flux of the electric field, Gauss's law and its
application for finding E for symmetric charge distributions, Gussian pillbox ?
Fields at the surface of a conductor screening of E field by a conductor, capacitors,
B.Sc.-I (15) electrostatic field energy, force per unit area of the surface of a
conductor in an electric field, conducting sphere in a uniform electric field, point
charge in front of a grounded infinite conductor.
UNIT-3
Dielectrics parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric, electric susceptibility,
permittivity and dielectric constant, polarization and polarization vector,
displacement vector r D, molecular interpretation of Claussius- Mossotti equation.
Steady current, current density J, non-steady curents and continuity equation,
kirchoff's law and analysis of multiloop circuits, rise and decay of current in LR and
CR circuits, decay constants, transients in LCR circuits, AC circuits, complex
numbers and their applications in solving AC circuit problems, complex impedance
and reactance, series and parallel resonance, Q factor, power consumed by an a AC
circuit, power factor,.
UNIT-4
Force on a moving charge, Lorentz force equation and definition of B, force on a
straight conductor carrying current in a uniform magnetic field, torque on a current
loop, magnetic diploe moment, angular momentum and gyromagnetic ratio. r r r r ∇⋅
= ∇× = BO B J , . μ Biot and Savart's law, Ampere's law field due to a magnetic
dipole, magnetization current, magnetization vector, magnetic permeability (Linear
cases), interpretation of a bar magnet as a surface distribution of sinusoidal current.
UNIT-5
Electromagnetic induction, Faraday's law, electromotive force, ε = z E.dr, integral
and differential forms of Faraday's law Mutual and self inductance, Transformers,
energy in a static magnetic field. Maxwell's displacement current, Maxwells'
equations, electromagnetic field energy density. The wave equation satisfied by E
and B, plane electromagnetic waves in vacuum, Poyning's vector.
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOK :
Berkeley Physics Course, Electricity and Magnetism, Ed. E.M. Purcell (Mc Graw -
Hill)
Halliday and Resnik, Physics, Vol. 2
D J Grifith, Introduction to Electrodynamics (Prentice-Hall of India)
Raitz and Milford, Electricity and Magnetism (Addison-Wesley)
A S Mahajan and A A Rangwala, Electricity and Magnetism (Tata Mc Graw-hill)
A M Portis, Electromagnetic fields.
Pugh & Pugh, Principles of Electricity and Magnetism (Addison-Wesley)
Panofsky and Phillips, Classical Electricity and Magnetism, (India Book House)
S S Atwood, Electricity and Magnetism (Dover).
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PHYSICS
B.Sc.I
PRACTICALS
Minimum 16 (Eight from each group)
EXPERMENTS OUT OF THE FOLLOWING OR SIMILAR EXPERIMENTS OF
EQUAL STANDARD
GROUP-A
1. Study of laws of parallel and perpendicular axes for moment of inertia.
2. Study of conservation of momentum in two dimensional oscillations.
3. Study of a compound pendulum.
4. Study of damping of a bar pendulum underr various mechanics.
5. Study of oscillations under a bifilar suspension.
6. potential energy curves of a 1- Double system and oscillations in it for various
amplitudes.
7. Study of oscillations of a mass under different combinations of springs.
8. Study of bending of a cantilever or a beam.
9. Study of torsion of wire (static and dynamic methods)
10. Study of flow of liquids through capillaries.
11. Determination of surface tension of a liquid by different methods.
12. Study of viscosity of a fluid by different methods.
GROUP-B
1. Characteristics of a baillistic galvanomenter.
2. Setting up and using an electroscope or electrometer.
3. Use of a vibration magnetometer to study a field.
4. Study of B field due to a current.
5. Measurement of low resistance by Carey-Foster bridge or otherwise.
6. Measurement of inductance using impedance at different frequencies.
7. Study of decay of currents in LR and RC circuits.
8. Response curve for LCR circuit and resopapce frequence and quality factor.
9. Sensitivity of a cathode-ray oscilloscope.
10. Characteristics of a choke.
11. Measurement of inductance.
12. Study of Lorentz force.
13. Study of discrete and continuous LC transmission lines.
14. Elementary Fortran programs, flowcharts and their interpretation.
15. To find the product of two matrices.
16. Numerical solution of equation of motion.
17. To find the roots of quadratic equation.
TEXT AND REPERENCE BOOKS:
B saraf et al Mechanical Systems (Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi) D.P.
Khandelwal,
A Laboratory Manual of Physics for Undergraduate classes (Vani Publication
House, New Delhi)
C G Lambe Elements of Statistics (Longmans Green and Co London New York,
Toronto)
C Dixon, Numerical Analysis. S Lipsdutz and A Poe, Schaum's Outline of theory
and problems of programming with fortran (MC Graw-Hill Book Company,
Singapore 1986)
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PHYSICS
B.Sc.II
Objectives : Present course is aimed to provide ample knowledge of basics
of physics which are relevant to the understanding of modern trends in
higher physics. The first paper is aimed at preparing the background of
thermodynamics and statistical physics essential for any advanced study of
physics of condensed matter and radiations. The second paper is mainly
concerned with a course on geometrical and Physical optics and the laser
Physics. It deals with important phenomenon like inter-ference, diffraction
and polarisation with stress on the basic nature of light. It also introduces the
basics of laser physics with some of its important applications. The
experiments are based mostly on the contents of the theory papers so as to
provide comprehensive insight of the subject.
Scheme of Examination :
1. There shall be two theory papers of 3 hours duration each and one
practical paper of 4 hours duration. Each paper shall carry 50 marks.
2. Each theory paper will comprise of 5 units. Two questions will be set from
each unit and the student will have the choice to answer one out of two.
3. Numerical problems of about 30 percent will compulsorily be asked in
each theory paper.
4. In practical paper each students has to perform experiments during
examination.
5. Practical examination will be of 4 hours duration. The distribution of
practical marks will be as follows :
Experiments : 15 + 15 = 30
Viva-Voce : 10
Internal Assessment : 10
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PHYSICS
B.Sc.II
PAPER - I
THERMODYNAMICS, KINETIC THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS
UNIT-I
The laws of thermodynamics : The Zeroth law, concept of path function and point
function, various indicator diagrams, work done by and on the system, first law of
thermodynamics, internal energy as a state function, reversible and irreversible
change, carnot theorem and the second law of thermodynamics. Different versions of
the second law. Claussius theorem inequality. Entropy, Change of entropy in simple
cases (i) Isothermal expansion of an ideal gas (ii) Reversible isochoric process (iii)
Free adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas. Entropy of the universe. Principle of
increase of entropy. The thermodynamic scale of temperature, its identity with the
perfect gas scale. Impossibility of attaining the absolute zero, third law of
thermodynamics.
UNIT-II
Thermodynamic relationships: Thermodynamic variables, extensive and intensive,
Maxwell's general relationships, application to Joule-Thomson cooling and adiabatic
cooling in a general system, Van der Waals gas, Clausius - Clapeyron heat equation.
B.Sc.-II (17) Thermodynamic potentials and equilibrium of thermodynamical
systems, relation with thermodynamical variables. Cooling due to adiabatic
demagnetization, production and measurement of very low temperatures. Blackbody
radiation : Pure temperature dependence, Stefan-Boltzmann law, pressure of
radiation, Special distribution of BB radiation, Wien's displacement law, Rayleigh-
Jean's law, the ultraviolet catastrophy, Planck's quantum postulates, Planck's law,
complete fit with experiment.
UNIT-III
Maxwellien distribution of speeds in an ideal gas : Distribution of speeds and of
velocities, experimental verification, distinction between mean, rms and most
probable speed values. Doppler broadening of spectral lines. Transport phenomena
in gases : Molecular collisions, mean free path and collision cross sections.
Estimates of molecular diameter and mean free path. Transport of mass, momentum
and energy and interrelationship, dependence on temperature and pressure.
Liquifaction of gases : Boyle temperature and inversion temperature. Principle of
regenerative cooling and of cascade cooling, liquifaction of hydrogen and helium.
Refrigeration cycles, meaning of efficiency.
UNIT-IV
The statistical basis of thermodynamics : Probability and thermodynamic
probability, principle of equal a priori probabilities, statistical postulates. Concept of
Gibb's ensemble, accessible and inaccessible states. Concept of phase space,
canonical phase space, Gamma phase space and mu phase space. Equilibrium before
two systems in thermal contact, probability and entropy, Boltzmann entropy relation.
Boltzmann canonical distribution law and its applications, law of equipartition of
energy. Transition to quantum statistics : 'h' as a natural constant and its
implications, cases of particle in a one-dimensional box and one-dimensional
harmonic oscillator.
UNIT-V
Indistinguishability of particles and its consequences, Bose-Einstein & Fermi-Dirac
conditions, Concept of partition function, Derivation of Maxwell-Boltzmann,
BoseEinstein and Fermi-Dirac Statistics Through Canonical partion function. Limits
of B.E. and F-D statistics to M-B statistics. Application of BE statistics to black
body radiation, Application of F-D statistics to free electrons in a metal.
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. B.B. Laud, "Introduction to Statistical Mechanics" (Macmillan 1981)
2. F. Reif : "Statistical Physics" (Mcgraw-Hill, 1998).
3. K, Haung : "Statatistical Physics" (Wiley Eastern, 1988).
4. Thermal and statistical Physics : R.K. Singh, Y.M. Gupta and S. Sivraman
5. Physics (Part-2) : Editor, Prof : B.P. Chandra, M.P. Hindi Granth Academy.
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PHYSICS
B.Sc.II
PAPER - II
WAVES, ACOUSTICS AND OPTICS
UNIT-I
Waves in media UNIT-I : Speed of transverse vaves on a uniform string, speed of
longitudinal vaves in a fluid, energy density and energy transmission in waves,
typical B.Sc.-II (18) measurements. Waves over liquid surface : gravity waves and
ripples. Group velocity and phase velocity, their measruements. Harmonics and the
quality of sound ; examples. Production and detection of ultrasonic and infrasonic
waves and applications. Reflection, refraction and diffraction of sound : Acoustic
impedance of a medium, percentage reflection & refraction at a boundary,
impedence matching for transducers, diffraction of sound, principle of a sonar
system, sound ranging.
UNIT-II
Fermat's Principle of extremum path, the aplanatic points of a sphere and other
applications. Cardinal points of an optical system, thick lens and lens combinations.
Lagrange equation of magnification, telescopic combinations, telephoto leneses.
Monochromatic aberrations and their reductions ; aspherical mirrors and schmidt
corrector plates, aplanatic points, oil imersion objectives, meniscus lens. Optical
instruments : Entrance and exit pupils, need for a multiple lens eyepiece, common
types of eyepieces. (Ramsdon and Hygen's eyepieces)
UNIT-III
In UNIT-III terference of light : The principle of superpositions, two slit
interference, coherence requirement for the sources, optical path retardations, lateral
shift of fringes, Rayleigh refractometer Localised fringes ; thin films. Haldinger
fringes : fringes of equal indination. Michelson interferometer, its application for
precision defermination of wavelength, wavelength difference and the width of
spectral lines, Twymann. Green interferometer and its uses, intensify distribution in
multiple beam interference. Tolansky fringes, Fabry-Perot interferometer and etalon.
UNIT-IV
Fresnel half-period zones, plates, straight edge, rectilinear propagation, Fraunhefer
diffraction : Diffraction at a slit, half-period zones, phasor diagram and integral
calculus methods, the intensity distribution, diffraction at a circular aperture and a
circular disc, resolution of images, Rayleigh criterion, resolving power of telescope
and microscopic systems. Diffraction gratings : Diffraction at N parellel slits,
intensity distribution, plane diffraction grating, relection grating and blazed gratings,
Concave grating and different mountings, resolving power of a grating and
comparison with resolving powers of prism and of a Fabry-Perot etalon. Double
refraction and optical rotation : Refraction in uniaxial crystals, Phase retardation
plates, double image prism. Rotation of plane of polarisation, origin of optical
rotation in liquids and in crystals.
UNIT-V
Laser system : Purity of a spectral line, coherence length and coherence time, spatial
coherence of a source, Einstein's A and B coefficients, Spontaneous and induced
emissions, conditions for laser action, population inversion, Types of Laser : Ruby
and, He-Ne and Semiconductor lasers. Application of lasers : Application in
communication, Holography and non linear optics. (Polarization P including higher
order terms in E and generation of harmonics).
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. A.K. Ghatak, 'Physical Optics'
2. D.P. Khandelwal, Optical and Atomic Physics' (Himalaya Publishing House,
Bombay, B.Sc.-II (19) 1988)
3. K.D. Moltev ; 'Optics' (Oxford University Press)
4. Sears : 'Optics'
5. Jenkins and White : 'Fundamental of Optics' (McGraw-Hill)
6. B.B. Laud : Lasers and Non-linear Optics (Wiley Eastern 1985)
7. Smith and Thomson : 'Optics' (John Wiley and Sons)
8. Berkely Physics Courses : Vol.-III, 'Waves and Oscilations'
9. I.G. Main, 'Vibratiens and Waves' (Cambridge University Press)
10. H.J. Pain : 'The Physics of Vibrations and Waves' (MacMillan 1975)
11. Text Book of Optics : B.K. Mathur
12. B.Sc. (Part III) Physics : Editor : B.P. Chandra, M.P. Hindi Granth Academy.
13. F. Smith and J.H. Thomson, Manchester Physics series : optics (English
language book soeiety and Jehu wiley, 1577)
14. Bern and Woif : 'Opties'.
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PHYSICS
B.Sc.II
PRACTICALS
Minimum 16 (Sixteen) out of the following or similar experiments of equal
standard.
1. Study of Brownian motion
2. Study of adiabatic expansion or a gas.
3. Study of conversion of mechanical energy into heat.
4. Heating efficiency of electrical kettle with varying voltages.
5. Study of temperature dependence of total radiation.
6. Study of termperature dependence of spectral density of radiation.
7. Resistance thermometry.
8. Thermoemf thermometry.
9. Conduction of heat through poor conductors of different geometries.
10. Experimental study of probability distribution for a two-option system using a
coloured dice.
11. Study of statistical distributions on nuclear distintergration data (GM Counter
used as a black box)
12. Speed of waves on a stretched string.
13. Studies on torsional waves in a lumped system.
14. Study of interference with two coherent sources of sound.
15. Chlandi's figures with varying excitation and loading points.
16. Measurement of sound intensities with different situation.
17. Characteristics of a microphone-loudspeaker system.
18. Designing an optical viewing system.
19. Study of monochromatic defects of images.
20. Determining the principal points of a combination of lenses. B.Sc.-II (20)
21. Study of interference of light (biprism or wedge film)
22. Study of diffraction at a straight edge or a single slit.
23. Study of F-P elaton fringes.
24. Use of Deffraction grating and its resolving limit.
25. Resolving limit of a telescope system.
26. Polarization of light by reflection ; also cos-squared law.
27 Study of Optical rotation for any systems.
28. Study of laser as a monochromotor coherent sourec.
29. Study of a divergenee of a Laser beam.
30. Calculation of days between two dates of a year.
31. To check if triangle exists and the type of the triangle.
32. To find the sum of the sine and cosine series and print out the curve.
33. To solve simultaneous equations by elimination method.
34. To prepare a mark-list of polynomials.
35. Fitting a straight line or a simple curve to a given data.
36. Convert a given integer into binary and octal systems and vice-versa.
37. Inverse of a matrix.
38. Spiral array.
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS :
D.P. Khandelwal : "Optics and Atomic Physics" (Himalaya Publishing House,
Bombay 1988)
D.P. Khandelwal : "A Laboratory Manual for Undergraduate Classes" (Vani
Publishing House, New Delhi)
S. Lipschutz and A Poe : "Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of
Programming with Fortran" (McGraw-Hill Book Company 1986)
C. Dixon : "Numerical Analysis". - - - - - -
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PHYSICS
B.Sc.III
Objectives :
Present course is aimed to provide ample knowledge of basics of Physics
which are relevant to the understanding of modern trends in higher physics.
The first paper is aimed at preparing the back ground of modern physics
which includes the relativistic and quantum ideas mainly councerned with
atomic, molecular and nuclear physics. It constitutes an essential pre-
requisite for better understanding of any branch of physics. The second
paper is mainly concerned with Solid State Physics, Solid State Devices and
Electronics. This course is quite important from the applicational aspects of
modern electronic devices. It also forms the basis of advance electronics
including communication technology to be covered at higher level. The
experiments are based mostly on the contents of the theory papers so as to
provide comprehensive insight of the subject.
Scheme of Examination :
1. There shall be two theory papers of 3 hours duration each and one
practical paper of 4 hours duration. Such paper shall carry 50 marks.
2. Each theory paper will comprise of 5 units. Two questions will be in each
unit and the student will have the choice to answer one out of the two.
3. Numerical problems of about 30 percent will compulsorily be asked in
each theory paper. 4. In practical paper each student has to perform two
experiments during examination. 5. Practical examination will be of 4 hours
duration. The distribution of practical marks will be as follows. Experiments :
15 + 15 = 30, Viva-voce :10 Internal Assessment - 10.
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PHYSICS
B.Sc.III
PAPER - I
RELATIVITY, QUANTUM MECHANICS, ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND
NUCLEAR PHYSICS.
UNIT-I
Reference systems, inertial frames, Galilean invariance and conservation laws,
propogation of light, Michelson-Morley experiment, search for ether. Postulates for
the special theory of ralativity, Lorentz tranformations, length contraction,time
dilation, velocity additon theorem, variation of mass with velocity, mass-energy
equivalence, particle with zero rest mass, Compton effect.
UNIT-II
Origin of the quantum theory : Failure of classical physics to explain the phenomena
such as black-body spectrum, photoelectric effect. Wave-particle duality and
uncertainty principle : de Broglie's hypothesis for matter waves : the concept of
wave and group velocities, evidence for diffraction & interference of particles,
experimental demonstration of mater waves. Davisson and Germer's experiment.
Consequence of de Broglie's concepts, quantisation in hydrogen atom, energies of a
particle in a box, wave packets. B.Sc.-III (16) Consequence of the uncertainty
relation : gamma ray microscope, diffraction at a slit.
UNIT-III
Quantum Mechanics : Schrodinger's equation. Postulatory basis of quantum
mechanics, operators, expectation values, transition probabilities, applications to
particle in a oneand three dimensional boxes, harmonic oscillator in one dimension,
reflection at a step potential, transmission across a potential barrier. Hydrogen atom :
natural occurrence of n, l and m quatum numbers, the related physical quantities.
UNIT-IV Spectra of hydrogen, deuteron and alkali atoms spectral terms, doublet
fine structure, screening constants for alkali spectra for s,p, d and f states, selection
rules. Discrete set of elctronic energies of moleculers, quantisation of vibrational and
rotational energies, determination of internuclear distance, pure rotatinal and rotation
vibration spectra. Dissociation limit for the ground and other electronic states,
transition rules for pure vibration and electronic vibration spectra. Raman effect,
Stokes and anti-Stokes lines, complimentary character of Raman and infrared
spectra, experimental arrangements for Raman spectroscopy.
UNIT-V
Interaction of charged particles and neutrons with mater, working of nuclear
detectors, G-M counter, proportional counter and scintillation counter, cloud
chambers, spark chamber, emulsions. Structure of nuclei, basic properties ( r 1 ,μ Q
and binding energy), deuteron binding energy, p-p and n-p scattering and general
concepts of nuclear forces, Beta decay, range of alpha particle Geiger-Nuttal law.
Gamow's explanation of beta decay, alpha decay and continuous and discrete
spectra. Nuclear reactions, channels, compound nucleus, direct reaction (concepts).
Shell model & liquid drop model, fission and fusion (concepts), energy production
in stars by p-p and carbon cycles (concepts).
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. H.S. Mani and G.K. Metha : "Introduction to Modern Physics"'' (Affiliated East-
West Press, 1989)
2. A Beiser, "Prospective of Modern Physics"
3. H.E. White, Introduction to Atomic Physic"
4. Barrow, "Introduction to Molecular Physics!"
5. R.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton and M Sands, "The Feynman Lectures on Physics",
Vol.III (B.I. Publications, Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta, Madras).
6. T.A. Littlefield and N Thorley, "Atomic and Nuclear Physics" (Engineering
Language Book Society)
7. H.A. Enge, "Introduction to Nuclear Physics", (Addision-Wesly)
8. Eisenberg and Resnik, "Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei
and Particles" (John Wiley)
9. D.P. Khandelwal, "Optics and Atomic Physics", (Himalaya Publishing House,
Bombay, 1988).
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PHYSICS
B.Sc.III
PAPER-II
SOLID STATE PHYSICS, SOLID STATE DEVICES AND ELECTRONICS
UNIT-I
Amorphous and crystalline solids, Elements of symmetry, seven crystal system,
Cubic lattices, Crystal planes, Miller indices, Laue's equation for X-ray diffraction,
Bragg's Law. Bonding in solids, classification. Cohesive energy of solid. Madelung
constant, evaluation of Parameters. Specific heat of solids, classical theory (Dulong-
Petit's law). Einstein and Debye theories. Vibrational modes of one dimensional
monoatomic lattice, Dispersion relation, Brillouin Zone.
UNIT-II
Free electron model of a metal, Solution of one dimensional Schrodiner equation in
a constant potential. Density of states. Fermi Energy, Energy bands in a solid
(KronigPenny model without mathematical details). Metals, Insulator and
Semiconductors. Hall effect. Dia, Para and Ferromagnetism. Langevin's theory of
dia and para-magnetism. CurieWeiss's Law. Qualitative description of
Ferromagnetism (Magnetic domains), B-H. curve and Hysteresis loss.
UNIT-III
Intrinsic semiconductors, carrier concentration in thermal equlibrium, Fermi level,
Impurity semiconductor, doner and acceptor levels, Diode equation, junctions,
junction breakdown, Depletion width and junction capacitance, abrupt junction,
Tunnel diode, Zener diode. Light emmitting diode, solar cell, Bipolar transistors,
pnp and npn transistors, characteristics of transistors, different configurations,
current amplification factor, FET.
UNIT-IV
Half and full wave rectifier, rectifier efficiency ripple factor, Bridge rectifier, Filters,
Inductor filter, T and N filters, Zener diode, regulated power supply. Applications of
transistors. Bipolar Transistor as amplifier. Single stage and CE small signal
amplifiers, Emitter followers, Transistoras power amplifier, Transistor as oscillator,
Wein-Bridge Oscillator and Hartley oscillator.
UNIT-V
Introduction to computer organisation, time sharing and multi programming
systems, window based word processing packages, MS Word. Introduction to C
programming and application to simple problems of arranging numbers in ascending
/ descending orders : sorting a given data in an array, solution of simultaneous
euation.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED :
1. Introduction to solid state physics : C.Kittel
2. Solid State Physics : A.J. Dekkar
3. Electronic Circuits : Mottershead
4. Electronic Circuits : Millman and Halkias
5. Semiconductor Devices : S.M. Sze
6. Computer fundamental : balaguara Swami
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PHYSICS
B.Sc.III
PRACTICAL
MINIMUM 16 (Sixteen) Out of the following or similar experiment of equal
standard :
1. Determination of Planck's constant
2. Determination of e/m by using Thomson's tube
3. Determination of e by Millikan's method
4. Study of spectra of hydrogen and deuterium (Rydberg constant and ratio of
masses of electron proton)
5. Absorption spectrum of iodine vapour
6. Study of alkali or alkaline earth spectra using a concave gra's
7. Study of Zeeman effect for determination of Lande g-factor.
8. Analysis of a given band spectrum.
9. Study of Raman spectrum using laser as an excitation source.
10. Study of absorption of alpha and beta rays.
11. Study of statistics in radioactive measurement.
12. Coniometric study of crystal faces.
13. Determination of dielectric constant
14. Hysteresis curve of transformer core
15. Hall-probe method for measuement of magnetic field
16. Specific resistance and energy gap of a semiconductor
17. Characteristics of transistor
18. Characteristics of a tunnel diode
19. Study of voltage regulation system
20. Study of a regulated power supply
21. Study of lissajous figures using a CRO
22. Study of VTVM
23. Study of RC and TC coupled amplifiers
24. Study of AF and RF oscillators
25. Find roots of f(x)=0 by using Newton-Raphson method
26. Find roots of F(x)=0 by using secant method
27. Integration by Simpson rule
28. To find the value of V at
29. String manipulations
30. Towers of Honoi (Nonrecursive)
31. Finding first four perfect numbers
32. Quadratic interpolation using Newton's forward-difference formula of degree
two.
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. B.G. Strechman ; "Solid State Electronic Devices". II Edition (Prentice-Hall of
India, New Delhi, 1986)
2. W.D. Stanley ; "Electronic Devices, Circuits and Applications" (Prentice Hall,
New Jersey, USA, 1988)
3. S. Lipschutsz and A Poe ; "Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of
Programming with Fortran" (McGraw-Hill Book Co. Singapore, 1986)
4. C Dixon ; "Numerical Analysis"
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