l-9 (spreading equipment).ppt

7/27/2019 L-9 (Spreading Equipment).ppt

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Spreading Equipment

The major components involved in the spreading equipment are:

1. Spreading Surfaces

2. Spreading Machines/Methods

3. Fabric Control Devices

4. Fabric Cutting Devices

Many firms operate productively with manually operated equipment, while other firmsfind the automated, high-tech equipment to be cost-effective for their operations.

SPREADING SURFACES & EQUIPMENT

1FOR GM - 477 BY: ABDUL SAMMAD GILL


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Spreading Equipment1. Spreading Surfaces

The main features involved in the selection of spreading surfaces are:

The appropriate type of spreading surface is determined by the fabric type,spreading equipment, cutting method, cutting equipment, and firms qualitystandard.

Spreading requires a flat, smooth surface. If the spreading surface doubles as a cutting surface, it also must be level.

Spreading and cutting may be done on the same surface, but automatedcutting often requires spreading and cutting to be done in adjacent butseparate locations.

Spreading and cutting surfaces are available in standard widths that

correspond to the fabric width. Table width cannot be expanded, although narrow fabric can be spread on a

wider table.

A spreading surface needs to be about 10 inches wider than the fabric.




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Spreading Equipment1. Spreading Surfaces (Cont)

The main features involved in the selection of spreading surfaces are:

Spreading tables may have tracks or rails placed along one or both sides ofthe tabletop or just a few inches off the floor. This track helps to guide andcontrol the spreader as it moves up and down the length of the table.

With some types of equipment, the table tracks are geared to synchronize themovement of the spreading machine with fabric unrolling, in order to regulatethe tension.

Spreading Tables:

Spreading tables may also be very specialized for certain types of fabric andcutting equipment. Different types of tables used are:

1. Pin Tables2. Vacuum Tables

3. Air Floatation Tables

4. Transfer Tables

5. Multi-Tier Tables




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Spreading Equipment

1. Spreading Surfaces (Cont)

Spreading Tables:

I. Pin Tables

Pin Tables have rows of pins located below the surface that can be extendedthrough slats to hold fabric in precise location for accurate matching ofpattern repeats.




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Spreading Equipment


Spreading Tables:

II. Vacuum Tables

Vacuum tables are used to compress the lay-up and prevent shifting ormovement during cutting.




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Spreading Equipment


Spreading Tables:

III. Air Floatation Tables

The use of air floatation system is recommended for easy movement ofheavy weight spreads with one or two workers.

It minimizes the manpower involved in moving spreads on the adjacentcutting table/areas.

A layer air between the table surface and the and the bottom layer ofpaper reduces friction and allows a lay-up to be moved easily withoutputting stress on the fabric or the operators.


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FOR GM - 477 BY: ABDUL SAMMAD GILL


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Spreading Equipment


Spreading Tables:

IV. Transfer Tables

Transfer tables are used to provide lays to one automatic cutting head.

Mobile automatic cutters are also used.




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Spreading Equipment


Spreading Tables:

V. Multi-Tier Tables

Multi-Tier tables can be used to allow the spreads to be staged prior tocutting in a minimum space.




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Spreading Equipment:2. Spreading Methods/Machines

A. Manual Spreading

The cloth is pulled carefully from the fabric roll by hand and is cut to the

appropriate length.

Mechanical devices can be provided to facilitate the unrolling and cutting

operations but the proper alignment of the fabric edge is the responsibility of

the human operator.




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B. Spreading Carriage

The cloth is un-wound and spread semi-automatically, using a manually

driven carriage.

The carriage is moved back and forth

over the spreading table. The speed of

manual spreading machine is same as

the speed of the operator.

Built-in mechanisms take care of

aligning the fabric edges and smoothing

the plies.

This system is favored when the lays

are long and broad and/or the fabric ispresented in large batches for relatively

large orders.

This method is very efficient and is

suitable for small business.


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C. Automatic Spreading The moving carriage has been more or less fully automated to provide a

more efficient production for large scale enterprises.

Common attachments for such equipment include photocells for correct

alignment of the selvedges, fabric loading and threading devices, cutting

devices at the end of the lay, a platform on which the operator can sit or

stand while the machine is traversing.




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Comparison of Manual Spreading & Automatic Spreading:

Manual SpreadingManual spreading is done by the operators. Usually two to four men areinvolved in the spreading of fabric.

More Time consuming Tension of fabric varies Less Efficiency (accept Checks & Stripe Fabrics)

Suitable for Short lays and for frequent changes in colors and fabrics Often used in small business

Automatic SpreadingWith automatic controlled spreader, it controls the amount of fabric that hasto be spread.

Equal tension of fabric Equal alignment at the edges Less time consuming More efficiency Used on large scale business




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Spreading Equipment:


I. Tensioning Devices

The role of Tensioning devices in spreading machine is to synchronize thespeed of the roll and rate of spreading.

Its role becomes more visible when the machine is spreading the fabric ata high speed and suddenly you stop the machine. It will help in reducingthe momentum of roll.

II. Positioning Devices

Positioning devices and sensors monitor position and control fabricplacement during spreading.

Electronic edge sensors monitor selvedges as fabric is spread. A deviation from the proposed alignment triggers a motor that shifts the

roll to the correct position.

Alignment can be held to 1/8th of an inch tolerance with these devices.




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III. Width Indicators

Width indicators may sound an alarm to alert the operator wheneverfabric becomes narrower than the established width.

Width variations are analyzed to determine where in the marker they fall,whether the fabric will still fit the marker, or whether the variation shouldbe treated as a defect and removed.




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IV. End Treatment Devices

End treatment devices are used with spreaders but are separate andplaced at the end of the spread.

End treatments have a major impact on fabric waste. There must beenough fabric at the end of a lay to retain it in place, but any fabricbeyond the end of the marker is wasted.

The specific end treatment equipment needed depends on whether thespreading mode is face-to-face or face-one-way.

A face-to-face spread utilizes an end catcher and folding blade (orSteel Rods) that work together.

For face-one-way spreads, a knife box is needed along with an endcatcher. A knife box contains a cutting unit (usually a small rotaryknife) that operates in a track and cuts across the fabric width whenengaged. The catcher simply holds the fabric end in place for cutting.




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3. Fabric Control DevicesIV. End Treatment Devices

It depends on our requirement that either we have to use folding bladeor end notcher or we have to use knife box.

Folding Blade simply folds the fabric in a proper way.

Knife box will be used where we have to cut the fabric instead of

folding.


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l-9 (spreading equipment).ppt

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