800 BOOK REVIEWS

of electrolytes. A chapter on the concept of resi- dence times in ionic hydration (by Samoilov) is especially welcome. It provides a rare opportu- nity to learn directly from one of the masters of this subject regarding the \vork going on in the Soviet Union in the field of electrolyte hydration. An excellent survey of tetraalkyl ammonium salts presents, for the first time, a concise overview of these salts as solutes in aqueous solutions. A use- ful summary of the infomlation available of the viscosity of water is presented in chapter 17, and a beautifully simplified discussion of the effects of non-Brownian motion on transport coefficients in electrolyte solutions is presented in chapter 18. The volume closes with a chapter on aqueous solutions under extreme conditions, dealing with water under high pressures and at high temperatures.

In a monograph of such diversity of subject matters, it is easy to find something of interest for most anyone even if only peripherally interested in aqueous systems. Furthermore, there is very little duplication in the various treatments. The quality of style, presentation, printing, etc. is uniformly high; however, in a volume of 803 pages, containing 19 chapters, it is hardly surpris- ing to find the contents somewhat heterogeneous: some are essentially pure revie\vs (the chapters on seawater, biofluids, and partial molal volumes), while others are original, novel (and sometimes sophisticated) contributions (for instance, the chapter on statistical-mechanical theory of water). Both the author index and the subject index are excellent.

The volume is likely to become somewhat of a classic in its field. For a general treatment of the pure stuff, most readers will likely want to fall back on the monograph by Eisenberg and Kauzmann ( 1969 ) . However, the volume by Horne, to a large extent, takes up where Eisen- berg and Kauzmann left off, namely through con- sidering largely aqueous solutions, ancl/or peculi- arities and exceptional cases. In spite of the scant attention paid to water structure in biologi- cal systems, the volume will be of interest to biochemists, biophysicists, and molecular biolo- gists, and it certainly will be a valuable tool to the general physical chemist concerned with wa- ter and aqueous solutions.

The cost of this volume is fairly high, yet on a per page basis is still within what appears to be current norms. The price notwithstanding, the book is an excellent investment as a fairly inclu- sive review of the current state of the art of water and aqueous solution structure. Of the subjects mentioned in the subtitle, the book does justice to the more recent theories of water and solution structure. The thermodynamics and transport properties are dealt with at least adequately. The excellent coverage of references to prior studies makes a valuable adjunct to the overall presenta- tion. A more inexpensively produced paperback

edition would be a welcome supplement to the personal libraries of countless graduate students in chemistry, biology, oceanography, and other related fields.

W. DROST-HASSES

Laboratory for Water Research, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33134.

REFERESCE

EISENUERG, D., AND W. KAUZMANS. 1969. The structure and properties of water. Oxford.

EDMONDSON, W. T., ASD G. G. WIXBERG [EDs.]. 1971. A manual on methods for the as- sessment of secondary productivity in fresh waters. IBP Handbook No. 17. F. A. Davis, Philadelphia ( Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford and Edinburgh). xxiv + 358 p. $13.50.

This book is dedicated to the memory of Vit- torio Tonolli, and this represents the highest index of the generous friendship of one of the editors, W. T. Edmondson; my husband felt \-ery guilty for having persuaded him to take on the heavy task of assembling the material to produce this manual.

The book is mainly concerned with problems of methodology which, in my opinion, represent the first step for a correct evaluation of any result deriving from even a perfect experimental design. One should always remember that the choice of appropriate methods of collection can avoid more or less completely the first sources of error, which may affect considerably the results of a research.

The title of the manual cannot give rise to ambiguous interpretations: the book deals with methods for the evaluation of secondary produc- tivity in freshwaters and is not intended to oler- lap with Methods for the estimation of production of aquatic animals (\Vinberg 1971). I believe that one should read this latter book after having carefully gone through the handbook on methods.

The handbook is divided into eight chapters. The first is devoted to the description of a large series of instruments for collection of samples, with critical notes and useful suggestions for im- proving their efficiency. Chapter 2 deals with methods of processing samples and data, starting from the counting of zooplankton samples and going through the dimensional and chemical e\ral- uation of organisms, both planktonic and benth- onic, the use of size data for calculation of pro- ductivity, and concluding \\Tith an interesting paragraph on the indirect determination of the reproductive rate from egg ratios. Chapter 3, which is mainly concerned with direct determina- tion of zooplankton reproduction and marking of natural populations, is unfortunately much too

BOOK REVIEWS 801

evaluation of secondary productivity in freshlvaters and gives an example of what may be achieved through a correct use of the methodology and concepts described in the preceding chapters. I would like to stress the difficulty the editors of this manual ha\Te met in assembling a huge num- ber of ideas and contributions offered by many qualified scientists, each of them persuaded that

his own field of work is the most important for the understanding of the whole problem.

As a final comment, I hope to see in the near future a second edition of this book including the presentation of most modern techniques, which are mentioned in this manual only with a few words. The ATP-ADP method, for instance, is attracting the attention of scientists in determin- ing living biomass, as well as in estimating RNA for the evaluation of growth rate. The role of allochthonous material considered as a source of aquatic productivity also requires more extensive handling.

In conclusion, this manual is certainly unique in the literature for its richness of technical and conceptual details. The bibliography, which takes 32 pages, has required a great effort. There is no doubt that this manual is essential for any student who wants to be introduced to the prob- lem of the evaluation of secondary producti\?t\, in freshwater.

LI~IA TOSOLLI

Istittlto ltaliano di Iclrobiologia, Pallanza, Italy.

REFERESCE

WISBERG, G. G. 1971. ?Ilethods for the estima- tion of production of aquatic animals. Aca- demic. 175 p.

HEEZEN, B. C., AND C. D. HOLLISTER. 1971. The face of the deep. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, London, and Toronto. xi + 659 p. $-35.00.

When we think of the far away I suspect that most of us, like myself, think of the sky and of space and go on from there to any philosophical or other speculations \fe may have. Buckminster Fuller reminds us that we are on a space ship, our small planet following its course, and that we should not use the telms up or do\vn because actually the true ones would be out or in. He reminds us that aviators use accurate terminology in that they come in for a landing. He would have to say that the authors of this book are looking in on our planet, not down to the depths of the oceans.

The fact is probably. that more of us look out than in. And if we look in, or down on the phys- ical world of lvaters, \ve do not see \-ery far. I saw down through sunlight on a rare occasion on Penobscot Bay recently. and from this slight reve- lation of immensities clerivecl a poem.

Our scientific authors, howe\,er, will not see what can be seen with the naked eye. The Pref- ace reads ( p. vi ) , The tiny fringe of shallow sunlit waters which has been so frequently treated in books and films is entirely excluded, for in this