14

Great idea!Grammar past continuous past continuous vs. past simple when / while

Vocabulary phrases with get music

Functions describing past activities

1 Read and listen E Read and listen to the text. What do you think each person

invented? Choose from the objects you can see below.

UN

IT

1 nRead and listen EWhat do you tReadd and listen to the text W

1

01

objectives

Learner tip!

A person who cooks is a cook. (Not: a cooker)

MP3

Vocabularyphphrases with getmusic

FuF nctionsdescscribing past actitiviv ties

y pobjects yoyouu cacann seseee bebellow.invented? Choose from the o

objec

ks is kerker)rr

okookook

Learner tip!LLearner tip!

AA peerson whoho cooa coook. (Noot: a coa co

in 1903,Mary Anderson was going to New York

with a friend. Mary was watching other peopledriving their cars when suddenly she got an idea. They had

to open their car windows and put their heads out to see better. She invented a moving arm made of metal with a piece of rubber on it.

The driver could operate it from inside the car without opening the windoww.

In 1869, Thomas Adams was trying to produce rubber out of the juice he got ffrom Mexican sapodilla trees. He wanted to produce toys, rain boots and bicyclee

ttyres. The experiment didnt work. While he was thinking about why his experimentntsffailed, he took a piece of the rubber he was working on and put it in his mouth.

InI 1897, the British inventor, James Henry Atkinson, was in the basement of his hohousu e lol oking at the familys supply of potatoes. While he was looking at the potatoess,, heh noticed that some mice had eaten quite a few and decided to stop them. Soo hhe eini vented something that he called Little Nipper.

InI 1886, Josephine Cochran was standing in front of a mountain of dishhesesini her kitchen in Illinois, USA. The family lunch was fi nished, and heherr

huh sband and children were resting. She got quite angry thinkkiningg aba out how she had to do the washing-up every day. If f

non body else is going to invent a machine for this, Illll dod it myself, she thought. And then suddenly y shs e

had an idea.

In the middle of the summer, at thhee beginning of the 18th century, a an nunknown Dutchman was lookingunknown Dutchman was lookikinng at one of the many canals inin Holland. He was thinkingng Holland H hi kinggaabout how he oftenn t traravev lleddabout how he often travelledala ong the frozen canalson ice skates in theonwinter. He got a littlewinter. He got a littlewinter. He got a littleH t littlwinter He got a littlewinter He got awinter. He got a littlea littlewinter. He got a little

atient. I don timpatient. I dontimpatient. I don timpampatient I dontwawant to wait for winter! he thoughtwwinter! he thought to himself.o himtoto himself.oo himsetto himself.o hittt

MP3

On a rainy day

What did they invent?

rain boots = large rubber boots that you wear when the ground is wet and dirty

tyres = thick rubber rings around the outer edge of a wheel of a vehicle

failed = was unsuccessfulsupply = an amount of

something

2 Comprehension

pppp 01:06 Listen to the complete stories and answer the questions.

1 Why did drivers like Mary Andersons invention?

2 What did Thomas Adams invent?

3 What did James Henry Atkinsons invention do?

4 What was the name of Josephine Cochrans invention?

5 What did the inventor do with the wooden wheels he made?

3 Grammar past continuousa Look at the examples.

Mary Anderson was going to New York. Her husband and children were resting.

b Underline other examples of the past continuous in the text on page 14.

c Complete the table. Then read the rule.

Positive Negative Questions Short answersI/he/she/it

resting

I/he/she/it

(was not) resting

I/he/she/it resting?

Yes, I/he/she/it ..

No, I/he/she/it (was not).

you/we/they

resting

you/we/they werent (were not) resting

you/we/they resting?

Yes, you/we/they .

No, you/we/they (were not).

15

d Yesterday, Toms maths teacher was late. What were the students doing when she got to the class? Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.

send do sit play daydream

5 Listena Read the beginning of a science

ction story. Think of the answers to these questions.

1 Who or what was in the spaceships?

2 What do you think happened after the spaceship landed?

3 What do you think happened after Olivia nished writing her story?

What were you doing last Sunday at 7 pm?WhWh tat were you ddoiinglalastst S Sunundadayy atat 7 7 p pm?m?

Oh, I was on a plane. I was fl ying from to .

OhOh, II wawass onon a a p plalanene.II wawass flfl yiyingng f froromm toto . .

We use the past continuous to talk about actions in progress at a certain time in the past.

rule

Learner tip!

I met Jane at a party. She was wearing her new jeans. (Not: She wore her new jeans.)

b 01:08 Listen to the rest of the story and check your ideas in Exercise 5a.

6 Write Write the ending of the story.

Include dialogue where necessary.

Olivias storyOlivia was sitting at her desk, writing one of her stories. It was a story about a far away planet,

XRO17. Too many people were living on the planet and there

wasnt enough space for everyone, so the President of XR017 sent ve spaceships to nd out more about the Earth. As they were

approaching the Earth, four of the spaceships caught re. Only one of them got to the Earth and landed

safely, and in it was ...

1 Lucy a handstand.

2 Daniel and Sophie table tennis.

3 Samuel on the teachers desk.

4 Ken a text message.

5 Lisa about a day on the beach.

4 Speak E Work in groups.

Student A: You are a famous lm star, sportsperson or politician.

Students BE: You are journalists. Find out what Student A was doing at a certain point of time in the past.

Student A: Invent answers.

Extra Practice Workbook

Was

Pronunciation p126 CD1 T07

16

8 Comprehension E Look at the sentences and decide if each

one is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write A. If it is incorrect, write B.

1 You have to be crazy to be an inventor.

2 Many inventors get their ideas from things that already exist and are similar. r.

3 Many inventors have to work very hard before they invent something.

4 According to Edison, inspiration is the most important factor for an inventor.

5 Inventors usually get their ideas when they are young.

6 George Nissen got his idea when he was at a circus.

9 Speak E Work in small groups. Think of something

you would like to invent to make daily life easier or more fun. Draw a diagram or a picture of it. Choose someone from the group to tell the class about it. Vote on the best invention.

7 Read E Try to answer the questions. Then read the text quickly to nd the answers.

1 What did the Wright brothers invent? 2 Do inventions always come from older people?

You could be an inventor too!The biggest secret about inventing is that anybody can do it! Perhaps this sounds crazy, but its true. Many people have the wrong idea about inventing. Maybe youre one of those people, so read on to discover the truth.

this sounds crazy = this seems a mad idea when you hear about itrange = choice

10 Vocabulary phrases with get Get can mean arrive, receive, have or become.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of get and the words in the box. Use the past simple or past continuous.

wet a good mark to school an email angry home the feeling

0 I got an email from Mandy yesterday. She says shes coming to Italy in the summer.

1 I woke up late and missed the bus this morning. I until 9 oclock!

2 We had to stop playing tennis yesterday because it was raining and we .

3 Guido was amazed when he in his Maths test.

4 My parents with my sister last weekend. She until midnight.

5 I was sitting in the park reading a book, when suddenly I that someone was watching me.

iingng..

Wrong idea number 1: An invention has to be something completely new.Well, inventing means creating something new, but new does not mean that it has to be something completely different to anything the world has ever seen. The Wright brothers, for example, got the idea of building a fl ying machine from watching birds. Many inventors have started from ideas that they saw somewhere else before.

Wrong idea number 2: Inventors are born, not made. Researchers have found there is often a wide range of factors that make innovation possible. Some of these factors are under the control of inventors, and others are not. Take Mozart, for example. He was born with a unique talent for musical composition. But other factors were also important for his creativity. His father was a music teacher, and Mozart had to practise for hours every day from a very young age. Thomas Edison said that being an inventor was 99% hard work and 1% inspiration! This also means that very successful creators dont give up when they get something wrong. As one inventor said: A failure is the right answer to the wrong question!

Wrong idea number 3: Inventions always come from older people. It is true that most inventors create their inventions later in their lives. But there are also examples of young inventors. Here are two:

Louis Braille went blind when he was a child. When he was 15, he invented a system of reading and writing for blind people that is still used in most languages today.

As a young man, George Nissen was watching trapeze artists in a circus. He observed how they dropped into the safety net and then bounced back up again. This gave him an idea and he invented the trampoline.

17

Into grammar 1 Past continuous Are the sentences correct or incorrect?

Tick () the box if the sentence is correct. If it is incorrect, cross out the verb and correct it.

0 A: What were you doing when I saw you yesterday?

B: I waited for my sister. was waiting

1 A: Who did you talk to when I phoned you?

B: My brother. He was telling me about a lm he saw on TV.

2 A: Were Pierres parents living in England when he was born?

B: Yes. At the time his father worked for an English bank.

3 A: Did you watch TV when I called last night? ???

B: No, I didnt. I was reading a magazine.

??????

4 A: Who did you have lunch with when I saw you yesterday?

B: I was with Jane, a friend of mine.

5 A: Were you playing tennis yesterday afternoon when it started to rain?

B: No, I did my homework.

6 A: What did they wear on the school trip yesterday? Their school uniform?

B: No, they were wearing jeans and a T-shirt. .

2 Past continuous vs. past simple

a Look at the example from the story in Exercise 5, page 15. Underline the past continuous verb and circle the past simple verb.

As they were approaching the Earth, four of the spaceships caught re.

b Look at the diagram. Which sentence tells us the background action? Which sentence tells us what happened at one particular moment? Then complete the rule.

As they were approaching the Earth

four of the spaceships caught re.

We use the for a background action or description.We use the for an action that happened at one particular moment.

rule

c Circle the correct words.

0 The ticket inspector was checking / checked my ticket when suddenly I was hearing / heard a scream.

1 My parents were living / lived in London when they were meeting / met in 1989.

2 I didnt know what the teacher was talking / talked about, but everyone else was seeming / seemed to understand.

3 Laura was wanting / wanted to go to the Olympics. Everything was going / went well for her until suddenly she was getting / got meningitis.

4 The plane was landing / landed when the engine was catching / caught re.

3 when / whilea Look at the sentences from the story in

Exercise 5, page 15. Then complete the rule.

Olivia was writing the last sentence of her story, when suddenly she heard a noise behind her. While he was smiling, he got a shock.

We often use when with the past and while with the past .

rule

b There is one mistake in each sentence. Find the mistake and correct it.

0 I was writing an email when the phone was ringing. rang

1 While Harry was running to school, he was falling and hurt his leg.

2 Lucy arrived while Alex and Sue played tennis.

3 Antonio had breakfast, when he had a great idea.

4 The whole city slept peacefully when the rst house caught re.

c Rewrite the sentences in Exercise 3b with when instead of while, and while instead of when.

0 While I was writing an email, the phone rang.1 Harry .

2

3

4

ships

MP3 People all over the world love listening to music, and most

have their favourite songs which they especially like and

often listen to. But how did it all start? When could people start

to choose the music they wanted to listen to? What were

the rst inventions which allowed them to do so?

19201940s: Gramophones and record playersGramophones were similar to phonographs, but the music was recorded on at vinyl discs and not cylinders. The discs went round, and rst

a steel needle, then later a small diamond,

took the music off the record. Some music specialists

and DJs still use vinyl records today.

19601980s: cassettes and the Walkman

In the 1960s, the rst cassette recorders became popular,

although it wasnt until the 1970s that people started

to use them at home as well as for professional reasons.

A big step towards modern technology was the invention

of the rst personal stereo, or Walkman, by the Japanese

company Sony in 1979. The Walkman became very

popular because for the rst time, people could listen to

their music while travelling, doing sport or going for walks.

You probably know the rest of the story, dont you?

You know what audio CDs, Mp3 and Mp4 players are.

But do you know what will be next?

1900s: The player pianoIn the late 19th and early 20th centuries,

pianos became very popular and quite

a few families bought player pianos. A player piano is a piano that plays music programmed on perforated paper

rolls paper rolls with holes in them but

you can also play it like a normal piano. In

the mid 1920s, player pianos began to disappear

mainly because the radio (it was called the wireless

in those days) got more popular.

1910s: The rst phonographsAs early as 1877, Thomas A. Edison had started to

make phonographs to play music on, and by the

1910s, many families had one. The music was on

records made of aluminium foil. People could only

listen to them a few times before the foil broke.

Edison and other producers later used wax cylinders

to record the music. They could hold longer

recordings (24 minutes), and people could play

them more often.

1 Reada Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions.

1 Do you like listening to music? Why? / Why not?2 How do you most often listen to music? On the radio,

a CD player or an Mp3 player?

3 When do you most often listen to music? When you re doing your homework? When you re doing sport? When you re travelling?

b Read the article. Choose the best title.1 Isn t music wonderful?

2 The history of listening to music

3 Listening to music 100 years ago

18

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avourite ssono gs whichch theey especiallyy like and

t how did it ala l start? WWhhen could d pepeopople start

ic they wanteedd toto l liisteten to? WhW at were

s which allowed them too d do o so?

aGrrammoopphhp onnoogogoggrrerreecococoordrdecccyccc linde

aaa steel ntttooooooooo kk ttt tthheheeheheh mm music off theheaanandd d DDJs still use vivinynyl rere

19960198980s0s:: cassetInn thee 1 1969600s, the rst ca

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er pianoearly 20th centuries,

y popular and quite ht player pianos. piano that plays on perforated papeeerer ith holes in them b bbututttttttututututu like a normal pppiaiaiaaaannnnnonn . Innnnnnn

yer pianos begeggananannananan to dididididididisasasasasasappeaaaaaarrrrr r e radio (it wwwasasasssss calleleleleleeedd d ddd d thththhheeee e wwwwwwiriririririreeeless more popupupuuuullllall r.

wowowowowow ndndnndndnderfuul?ll

of listeniingng tto o mumuumusisisisisiicccc

o mmusici 1000 y y yeaears ago

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19191 2

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iamondndd,, aalililisststs

popular, tthehe 1979700s that pepeople started ss w well as for profefessional reasons.

dern technologyy wwas the invvenenenntitititioononon ereo, or Walkmmmaaanann, , bybybyby ttt thehehehee JJ Japapapananese

. The Walkmamamamaann bebecacamme very e rsrsrsttt t ttitititimmemee,, pepeople could listen to lililingngng, dodoing sport or going for walks.

rest of the story, dont you? CDs Mp3 and Mp4 players are

pphohoonnenenes were simiilarara to oggggrraraphs, but the mmmmususicc wwwasas ed on at vinylylyl d ddisisccscsss a and noers. The ddisiscsss ww wenenee ttt rround, aneededlele, ththeen lateer a small d rececoord. Some mumusic specicords today.

ttes and the e e WaWWWalklkkkkmmman

assettete r reccorrorordedededd rrsrss bb becameh 19700 th t le star

and rerec2019

coordrd p ppllalalaayyyers94940s: : GrG amamammmooophohones mooophhohones20 199440s: GGrammmmmoopopophhohohones

thhhhhhe e e e

19

Into exams 1 Speak E Work in groups. Discuss the questions.

1 Some people pay a lot of money to buy an old gramophone or record player. Would you do that too? Why? / Why not?

2 Do you think that music videos can make you enjoy music more?

3 Whats your favourite pop / rock music video? Describe it.

4 What will listening to music be like in the future? Make serious or fun suggestions.

2 Write Ea Read Alisons essay about an invention.

Answer the questions.

1 Whats the name of the invention and who invented it?

2 Why is it a good invention?

3 When and how did the inventor get the idea?

A Im going to write about the plaster called Band-Aid. The man who invented it was Earle Dickson from New Jersey.

B

frfromom N

Dickson got the idea when he married Josephine Knight in 1917. He noticed that she was always having accidents while she was using knives in the kitchen. He thought that the bandages she used to treat her cuts were too big, so he cut some sterilised cotton gauze into strips and stuck the strips onto the centre of some adhesive tape. In this way, his wife could easily dress her cuts by herself. He was working for a company that made bandages at the time, and he was able to interest the management in producing his invention.

C

mamanana

I think Band-Aids are very useful for treating and protecting small cuts and burns because theyre easy and quick to use.

b Match the questions in Exercise 2a with the paragraphs. Write 13 in the boxes.

c Write a story about an invention. Use the underlined words and expressions in Alisons story to help you.

2

3

A

B

3 Vocabulary Find words in the

text that mean:

1 that many people like

(para. 2)

2 not be seen (any more)

(para. 2)

3 not many times (para. 3)

4 a person who makes

something, e.g. a song

or a film (para. 3)

5 not very different from

(para. 4)

11 SpeaSpea Work in g

1 Some old grWould

2 Do yoenjoy

3 WhatDescr

4 What Make

WritRead AlisAnswer

What

3

4

2 Wa R

A

1

11

2 Comprehension 01:09 Now read and

listen to the text again. Answer the questions.

1 When and why did families not want player pianos any more?

2 What was the problem with the first records?

3 What was the main difference between phonographs and gramophones?

4 What were personal stereos? What did people like about them?