la pronunciación
DESCRIPTION
La pronunciación. El sistema fonológico del español ( The sound system of Spanish). Las vocales. A has the sound of ah as in father. E has the sound of a as in late. I has the sound of e as in beet. O has the sound of o as in wrote. U has the sound of oo as in boot. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
La pronunciación
El sistema fonológico del español (The sound system of Spanish)
Las vocales
– A has the sound of ah as in father.– E has the sound of a as in late.– I has the sound of e as in beet.– O has the sound of o as in wrote.– U has the sound of oo as in boot.
Vowel Combinations
• A, E, O are strong vowels.• U and I are weak vowels.
• A combination of two strong vowels is pronounced as two syllables. – leer; maestro
• A combination of weak + strong is a dipthong (one syllable), with greater stress on the strong vowel.– baila; cierra
• A combination of weak + weak is a dipthong (one syllable), with the stress on the second vowel.– ruido
Los diptongos• ai;ay like i in side
– baile; hay• au like ou in sound
– causa• ei;ey like ey in they
– reina, rey• eu like may-you without y
– deuda• oi; oy like oy in boy
– oiga; soy• i or y before a vowel like y in yes
– bien ; apoyo• u before a vowel like w in well
– fuente; agua
Accented weak vowels
• When a weak vowel carries a written accent mark, the pronunciation is stressed on that vowel.– tío; baúl
NOTE: familia historia
biología geografía
La acentuación
• If a word ends in a vowel, n or s, the second to the last (penultimate) syllable is stressed. Such words are called palabras graves.– zapato, zapatos, divide, dividen
• If the word ends in a consonant other than n or s, the last syllable is stressed. Such words are called palabras agudas.– verdad, practicar
Breaking rules of accentuation
• If the word is pronounced contrary to those two rules, an accent mark is written over the vowel that must be stressed. These types of words are called palabras esdrújulas.– tendré; difícil
Note: crimen; crímenes
More about accent marks
• All interrogative words have an accent mark. For example:– ¿Qué? (What?)– ¿Cuándo ? (When?)– ¿ Dónde? (Where?)– ¿Quién ? (Who?)– ¿Adónde? (To where?)
• Accent marks are also used to distinguish between words that are spelled the same but that have different meanings. For example:– tú = you (friendly, singular)– tu = your– él = he– el = the (masculine, singluar)– sí = yes– si = if
Las consonantes
B and V• These two letters have the same value in
Spanish.
• At the start of a word or after m and n, they sound like the English b.– bomba; enviar; ambos
• In all other positions, they sound like a b without touching one’s lips together.– caber; severo
C• There are two different values for the letter C.
• C before a, o, u or a consonant sounds like k in keep.– caminar; contar; culebra; acto
• C before e, i sounds like th in thin or s in same (This is called seseo, and is used in Latin America and parts of Analusia, Spain.)
– cinco; hacer
• NOTE: Both sounds are heard in the following words: acción; sección (Not sh)
• Ch is no longer a letter in the alphabet, but it is pronounced like a single letter as in the word “church.”– chao; poncho
D• There are three different values, depending
upon the position and context.• At the start of a word and after l, n, the letter d
sounds like the English d.– dama; aldea, andar
• Between vowels and after consonants other than l, n, the sound of d is more relaxed, and sounds like the th in this.– pide, pardo
• As the last letter of a word, the d become further relaxed or altogether omitted.– usted; verdad
F
• F has the sound of f in for.– fama; informe
G• There are three different values depending
on position and context.• Before e or i g sounds like a Spanish j,
which makes the sound of ch in Bach.– general; gitano
• At the start of a word and after n, the sound is g like in get.– gloria; tengo
• In all other positions, the g sounds like g in get, only not as explosive.– haga; agosto
• gue, gui : The u is silent, except when marked by a diaeresis.– guerra; guitarra; pingüino; antigüedad
• gua: All letters are sounded.– guapo
H
• H is always silent!– hola (ola)– Hay (ay)– hermano (ermano)– bahía (baía)
J
• J at the beginning of a word or in the middle of a word has a strong gutteral sound, not found in English. It is like the ch in the word Bach.– jota; baraja
• J at the end of a word is silent.– reloj
K
• K is pronounced like the k in kick, but without the aspiration.– kilómetro
L• L is pronounced like the l in love.
– limón; fácil
LL• LL is no longer a letter in the alphabet, but it
is pronounced like lli in million or like the y in yes. In parts of Latin America and Spain, the ll is pronounced like j in juice. – calle; ella, millón
M
• The letter m is pronounced like the m in made.– madre; caminar
N
• N is pronounced like n in none, except before a written v.– nadie, pan
• When n comes before a written v, it sounds like m.– enviar ; sin valor
Ñ
• The letter ñ approximates the sound of ni in onion.– niño; ñandú
P
• P sound like the p in put, but without the aspiration. – papá
Q
• Q sounds like the k in kick, without the aspiration. It is always followed by a silent u.– que; quince
R
• R has a single trill, but is pronounced with a stronger trill (rr) at the start of a word (or after l, n, s).– coro; rápido
RR
• RR has a strong trill.– carro; irreal
S
• For the most part s sounds like the s in same.– casa, Isabel
• Before b, d, g, l, m, n the letter s is often pronounced like s in rose. (a soft z sound)– desde; mismo
T
• Like the t in tame, but without the aspiration.– tanto
W
• The letter w is found in “loan words” from other languages. It can be pronounced as a Spanish b/v, like an English v, or like an English w.– week end
X
• Between vowels, the letter x is usually pronounced like x in tax or like gs in eggs.– examen
• Before a consonant x is often pronounced like s in same. – extra
Y• The letter y is normally pronounced like the y in
yes.– Yo ; mayo; Loyola
• In emphatic speech, it is pronounced like the j in jam.
• In Chile and in Argentina, it is pronounced like the s in leisure.
Z
• The letter z is pronounced like th in thin, but like s in same in Latin America and in parts of Andalucía, Spain. (This is known as seseo.)– zapato; luz
A E I O UEl burro sabe más que tú.