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La Résistance• Based in Paris, France.

• An underground paper for the Revolution, but against Napoleon.

• Contributors: L’oiseau-Caroline Patelli Lorraine LeDoux -Lauren Patelli Le Bombeche-Haley Williams

Articles • Sports• Leading Personalities• Flight to Varennes• Great Fear• Committee on Public Safety• Tennis Court Oath• Science• Catholic Church• Nation in Arms • Napoleon’s Rise to Power

Nouvelles dans le Monde Spotif

• Undefeated racing horse named Eclipse died on May 5, 1769. “eclipse first, the rest nowhere.”

• John Sackville, the third Duke of Dorset, organized then cancelled a tour of France by British cricketers following outbreak of the Revolution.

• Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) created and also canceled a tour of France due to Revolution.

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News in the Sporting World

LEADING PERSONALITIES

• Marie Antoinette• Napoleon Bonaparte• Robespierre• Marquis de Lafayette• Louis XVI• Toussaint L’ouverture

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Marie et la course de dauphin en l'Autriche, et roi va gaffer ensuite

• King Louis tried to flee after revolts broke out in the country.

• Royal family forced to move back to Paris from Versailles.

• On June 20, 1791, the royal family and an assembly of servants attempted to flee France for Austria.

• Stopped in Varennes and forced back to Paris.

Marie and the Dauphin run to Austria, and the king goes bumbling after

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Vers le Haut de Dans la Fumee

• Suspicions of an aristocratic conspiracy of a counter revolution spurred a violent uprising by the dwellers of French countryside.

• This terrifying hysteria resulted in burnings of châteaux, monasteries and homes of important financial and official documents.

• Another resonating occurrence of the Grande Peur (Great Fear) was the seizing of the Bastille by a Parisian mob of 600-1,000 insurgents; the Bastille was defended by little more than 114 Royal troops.

Up in Smoke

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Sécurité Publique dans le Péril Public Safety in Jeopardy

• 1793- the Committee of Public Safety was founded by the National Convention.

• Led by Robespierre, The Committee became the real center of power in the French Empire and lessened the power of the government.

• The Committee of Public Safety was responsible for many high profile executions with the use of the guillotine.

• Those who were being executed were supporters of the French monarchy and opposed to the Revolution. http://stillfootball.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/robespierre.gif

Au Nom du Sport

• Feeling threatened, King Louis XVI locked the National Assembly from their meeting place Menus Plaisirs.

• Instead of abandoning their movement for equality among the Estates and change in the government the group moved their meeting to an indoor tennis court

• The members rocked the French government and aristocracy that day by passing a bold new constitution by voting by heads, which gave the much forgotten and oppressed Third Estate majority in the vote.

In the Name of Sport

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Avancements Scientifiques pendant la Révolution

• The Revolution brought about the reform of the chaotic system of weights and measures. The result was the metric system of basic units the meter, gram, and liter.

• Finding and extracting saltpeter for use in making gunpowder in 1792. Similar energy was applied to research into steel making, munitions, copper, and sodium carbonate.

• In 1794, in Paris, the first telegraph was invented by Lille. William Herschel has discovered the existence of infrared solar rays recently in 1800, and two years later discovered binary stars which is a system of two stars that revolve about their common center of mass.

Scientific Advancements during the Revolution

Herschel demonstrating infrared technology.

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L'église de la France

• In 1790, the Civil Constitution of Clergy was put into effect.– Popes and bishops elected by the state, paid by the

state, forced to swear allegiance to the state.

• National Convention removed Catholicism and religion from the government.

• Drew up new calendar that started on September 22, 1792, the day the Revolution started.

The Church of France

NATION IN ARMS

• After the execution of King Louis, a majority of Europe drew up an alliance against the French.

• Committee of Public Safety decreed a universal mobilization of the nation.– Even if not in the army, the

whole country had to help the war effort.

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Pays d’Abord

• Nationalism is defined as “patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts”

• French Nationalism during the start of the French Revolution was all together nonexistent. People were suspicious and against each other and especially the government and aristocracy.

• However threats of war and occupation by the Austrians and British became a rallying point for all of France.

• Win or lose, France was united to fight against enemies and rebuild their country.

Country First

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Napoleon' élévation de s à la puissance

• His military education led to his commission in 1785 as a lieutenant.

• In 1792, he became a captain and in the following year performed so well as an artillery commander that he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 1794, when he was only twenty-five.

• In October 1795, he saved the National Convention from the Parisian mob and in 1796 was made commander of the French army in Italy.

• In 1799, at only thirty years old, Napoleon became a virtual dictator of France.

• In 1802 he was made consul for life and in 1804 returned France to a monarchy when he crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I.

Napoleon’s Rise to Power

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