Name _________________________________________________ Date __________________________ Block _______

Arachnid Notes

Standard: SZ3. Students will compare form and function relationships within animal groups across key taxa.

Brain Squeeze: Differentiate between pleopods and periopods in a crayfish. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Essential Question: How do you differentiate between organisms in Phylum Arthropods?

I Will Be Able To:

Subphylum Chelicerata

General Characteristics

Two body regionso What four things is the cephalothorax region responsible for? _________________,

__________________, ___________________________, _________________.o What four things is the abdomen region responsible for? _____________,

__________________________, ____________________________, ____________________________.

Paired appendageso ________________________- first pair, pincer-like, feeding/fangso ________________________- second pair, sensing, feeding, reproduction

No ________________________ ____________________________________

Class Merostomata “Horseshoe Crabs”

All ____________________________ Diet: _______________________, ____________________________, and other

__________________________ What shape is their body? ____________________________________ Have __________________________ eyes and _____________________ eyes. ______________________= tail

o What is the telson used for? _________________________________________ _______________________________ for respiration. _______________________- male fertilizes eggs as female sheds them into a shallow hole.

o What does not occur? _____________________________

Digestion/ Feeding

___________________________ into prey which paralyzes and begins digestion organs of prey. Partially digested food suck into ________________ via ____________________ (sucking

_________________) Food is passed to

o ____________________- enzyme secretion and absorption of food.o ____________________- water gets reabsorbed from stored feces.

Excretion

_____________________________________- send waste to __________________________ pocket. Water reabsorbed. Wastes excreted with digestive wastes such as

_____________________________________________________. What is a concern for many terrestrial animals?

_____________________________________________o What does most waste excreted in a solid form prevent?

________________________________

Respiration

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide exchange om a __________________________.o Describe the book lung: series of _________________________________ exposed to

_______________.

Circulation

_____________________________________________ Dorsal aorta pumps blood to __________________ around organs. Blood returns to aorta through holes in heart called ___________________. Blood contains ___________________________ (_____________)- does not carry oxygen as well

as human blood. When is Hemocyanin more important? “_______________________________” when

_____________________

Nervous Sensory

___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________- hair-like, can detect vibrations/motion

Chemoreceptors in exoskeleton to detect ___________________________, smells in environment.

__________________________________________- sense light and movement Classified into families based on eye ____________________ and ______________________.

o Hunting spiders have ________________________________ eyes.o Web spinning spiders have _______________________________ eyes.

Reproduction

____________________________ Spiders attract mates by:

o ___________________________- chemicals given off by one to evoke a response in another.

o ___________________________- males pluck strands of female web ____________________ specific “plucking” Prevents male from becoming female’s next meal.

o Visual signals- “_____________________________” Males use enlarged ________________________ to transfer Females can deposit _________________________ in one silk sac! Females may take care of young during and after development. Some spiderlings practice _______________________.

o Describe ballooning: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What does it do for the spiderlings? _________________________________________________

Spider Adaptations

What do silk glands do? _____________________________________________ (________________) ___________________________- spin silk which hardens when it hits the air. Silk used to make ______________, __________________, ___________________________________,

_________________________. All spiders have silk glands, not all make webs! Have __________ on feet that keep them from sticking to silk. All spiders are venomous, only two toxic to humans.

Dangerous Spiders of the United States

________________________________- shiny black with red hour glass on ventral surface of abdomen.

________________________________- violin shape on cephalothorax

Daddy Long Legs

Myth: Daddy long legs are the most venomous spiders in the world but lack mouthparts to inject venom.

Truth: o Daddy longlegs (____________________________) are not spiders.o What don’t they make or have?

___________________________________________________________

o Have “__________________” fingerso What happens when they get disturbed?

____________________________________________________

Scorpions

________________________________ Venom gland and stinger in tail Modified pedipalps- pincers for grasping food/defense Courtship dance where male “lays” sperm case and female “sits” on case to pick up

sperm. ____________ young brooded by mother on her back for about ___________________________.

Mites

1mm or less in sizeo Many are ______________________________- feeding on blood or tissueo Some permanent (__________________________________)o Some temporary (______________________)

Ticks

Up to 3cm in lengtho All ________________________________o Bodies expand as they feedo Breeding occurs on hosto Female drops off and lays eggso Can carry ______________________.

Economic/ Environmental Significance

Carry/ cause diseaseo Which organism causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? ____________________________o Which organism causes Lyme’s Disease? _____________________

Control _________________________________________________ Venom and silk may have _______________________________________________. Mites eat

___________________________________________________________________________________ Spider mites and other can ________________________/ _________________________.