PSOLAB No: 01Date: 11-02-2016Analysis & Plot of Heat Rate Characteristics of Thermal Generating Units using:

a) Heat Rate Data of Given System.b) Characteristic Equation of Given System.

Objectivea) To get familiar with different types of generator heat rate curves. Forming Characteristic equation from Input/output curve.b) Forming Input/output curve, Incremental heat rate curve and net heat rate curve from given system characteristic equation. TheoryThree types of curves are plotted:1. Input/output curve (H vs. P)

2. Incremental heat rate curve (dh/dp vs. P)

3. Net heat rate curve (H/P vs P)

a) Heat Rate Data of Given System.Observations and calculationsCharacteristic equation can be formed using data of heat rates at different power rating of different types of generators.

This is obtained from Input/output curve of machine in which input is in form of heat or cost.Unit for heat measurement is British thermal unit and for cost dollar/hour.High degree polynomials give more accurate results then quadratic polynomial but are not generally used due to complex handling of equations. On the other hand use of linear equation disturbs the efficiency of the machine.Observations & CalculationsGiven Data

The data in table is in MW (P) and BTU/KWh but we have to convert it into MBTU/hr. To convert

ExampleP=50kw.Value in BTU/kWh=11000Value in MBTU/hr=11000*50000/10^6 Results:Generator 1Code:p=[50,40,30,20,12.5];h=[550,444,343,243,168];cftool(p,h)

The characteristic equation for input-output curve is H=0.01052*P^2 + 9.504*P + 48.02Generator 2Code:p=[50,40,30,20,12.5];h=[575,464,358,254,175];cftool(p,h)

The characteristic equation for input/output curve is H=0.0112*p^2 + 9.936*p +49.71

Generator 3Code:p=[50,40,30,20,12.5];h=[585,472,365,259,178];cftool(p,h)

The characteristic equation of input/output curve isH=0.009746*p^2 + 10.2 *p + 49.74Generator 4Code:p=[200,160,120,80,50];h=[1900,1532,1185,841,579];cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation isH=0.002187*p^ + 8.227*p + 164.8Generator 5Code:p=[200,160,120,80,50];h=[1980,1597,1234,876,603];cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation isH=0.00232*p^2 + 8.568*p + 171.5Generator 6Code:p=[200,160,120,80,50];h=[2010,1621,1253,889,613];cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation isH=0.002413*p^ + 8.675*p + 175.7Generator 7Code:p=[400,320,240,160,100];h=[3600,2896,2221,1565,1067];cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation isH=0.001275*p^ + 7.784*p + 279.9Generator 8Code:p=[400,320,240,160,100];h=[3760,3023,2319,1635,1115];cftool(p,h)The characteristics equation isH=0.001389*p^ + 8.097*p + 296Generator 9Code:p=[400,320,240,160,100];h=[3800,3055,2344,1652,1127];cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation isH=0.001404*p^ + 8.183*p + 299.2Generator 10Code:p=[600,480,360,240,150];h=[5340,4315,3335,2362,1622];cftool(p,h)The characteristics equation isH=0.0005109*p^ + 7.855*p + 438.2Generator 11Code:p=[600,480,360,240,150];h=[5580,4509,3485,2468.6,1695];cftool(p,h)The characteristics equation isH=0.0005315*p^ + 8.209*p + 458

Generator 12Code:p=[600,480,360,240,150];h=[5640,4557,3523,2495,1713];cftool(p,h)

The characteristics equation isH=0.0005323*p^ + 8.301*p + 462.3

Note: In all cases a=p3, b=p2 and c=p1

b) Characteristic equation of Given System.Given Systems Equations

Code:clear allclcp1=[10:1:100];h1=0.04.*p1.*p1+5.3*p1+500;dh1=0.08.*p1+5.3;h1op1=0.004.*p1+(500./p1)+5.3;h2=0.006.*p1.*p1+5.5.*p1+400;dh2=0.012.*p1+5.5;h2op1=0.006.*p1+400./p1+5.5;h3=0.009.*p1.*p1+5.8.*p1+200;dh3=0.018.*p1+5.8;h3op1=0.009.*p1+200./p1+5.8;subplot(2,2,1)plot(p1,h1,'r') %input/output curvehold on plot(p1,h2,'b') %incremental heat rate curvehold onplot(p1,h3,'g') %net heat rate curvehold offlegend('h1 vs p1','h2 vs p1','h3 vs p1')subplot(2,2,2)plot(p1,dh1,'r')hold onplot(p1,dh2,'b')hold onplot(p1,dh3,'g')legend('dh1 vs p1','dh2 vs p1','dh3 vs p1')subplot(2,2,3)plot(p1,h1op1,'r')hold onplot(p1,h2op1,'b')hold onplot(p1,h3op1,'g')legend('h1op1 vs p1','h2op1 vs p1','h3op1 vs p1')

Results:

Conclusion:Characteristics of a generator input heat and output power can be shown by quadratic curve. Input/output curve: How much cost/hr is required to produce a particular power.Incremental heat rate curve: How much MBTU/MWhr is required for a small increment in power.Net heat rate curve: Plot average number of BTU/hr of fuel input needed per MW output. It is the inverse of efficiency.

Name: Ahmed BilalRoll No: 12-EE-62Group: B1