lab 12: population ecology. what is population ecology? ecology: study of interactions between...
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![Page 1: Lab 12: Population Ecology. What is Population Ecology? Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment Population: group of conspecifics](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051215/56649e6b5503460f94b68a97/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lab 12: Population Ecology
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What is Population Ecology?
• Ecology:
• study of interactions between organisms and their environment
• Population:
• group of conspecifics living in the same area
• Population ecology:
• how the environment influences a population and vice versa
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What is Population Ecology?
• Population Ecology Topics:
• population growth
• endangered species (conservation)
• effects of habitat fragmentation on the population
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Population Growth & Demography
• Demography:
• Study of populations
• How many?
• What’s the age structure?
• Growth rate determined by:
• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Immigration and emigration
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Population Growth & Demography
• Demography:
• Study of populations
• How many?
• What’s the age structure?
• Growth rate determined by:
• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Immigration and emigration
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What can affect Population Size?
• Stochasticity
• random events such as drought, severe winter, fire, etc.
• Demographics – age distribution of population
• How many are of reproductive age?
• Pre-reproductive age?
• Post reproductive age?
How can we tell if a population is growing or shrinking?
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Life Tables
• Used to estimate age-specific fecundity and survival rates
• Fecundity = reproduction
• Look at Table 12.5 on page 202
• You’ll be filling this out in lab today
• Made for females – too difficult for males
• Cohort life table
• Follow individuals born at the same time for their whole lives
• Static life table
• Random sample of individuals, marked at the same time
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Life Tables – what’s in them?
x = age class
sx = survival in age class
lx = survival to age class x
bx = age-specific fecundity
R0 = net reproductive rate
0-1 years, 1-4 years, etc.
proportion in age class that are alive
all the sx up to that age class multiplied
# of female offspring produced by female in that age class
# of female offspring produced by a female during its lifetime
You’ll have to do these calculations – look at pg 187!
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How do we estimate population size?
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Mark-Recapture Method(you’ll be doing this today)
1. Animals are trapped, marked for ID, and then released
• In birds, we mark them by putting colored bands on their leg
2. Later, a second set of animals is trapped (or observed) from the same population
• Some of these animals will be from the first, marked group
3. The total number of animals within the population can then be estimated (pg. 188)
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Total in population
Total that were banded in the 1st round
Total observed this time
# observed this timethat were banded
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Radio Telemetry
• Place transmitter on animal – use receiver to pick up signal
• Uses
• Find animals to observe
• Track activities
• Determine home range size
• Look at dispersal
• Look at migration
• Etc.
• Mortality
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Triangulation(you’ll be doing this today)
• Used to find animal from far away
• Use receiver to get directional readings at 2 locations
• Use map and compass to draw lines
• Where lines cross is location of transmitter
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Plan for today
1. Take a look at lab report BEFORE starting lab
• There are some things you will need to do before leaving
2. Go out and find owls
3. Work on computers
4. Lab report
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Hints and tips
• For table 12.7 – only change one parameter per age class – don’t change it too much
• Find 40-50 living owls (won’t take too long)
• For the discussion in the lab report – read page 195 carefully
• Will need to discuss biology and conservation concerns
• Think about which age class is having trouble – is there something we can do to help that age class?
• Think about old growth vs new growth forests