lab (4 ) immunity and inflammation
DESCRIPTION
lab (4 ) Immunity and inflammation. Immunity. the capability of the body to resist harmful microbes from entering to the body. INFELAMMATION. Inflammation is the immune response of tissue injury type of tissue injury Burn Chemical irritation Toxin - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
lab (4 )Immunity
andinflammation
the capability of the body to resist harmful microbes from entering to the body
Immunity
Inflammationis the immune response of tissue injury type of tissue injury BurnChemical irritation Toxin Infection of pathogens( e.g viral. Bacterial ) Physical injury and troumaImmune reaction (hyper sensitivity)Foreign body
INFELAMMATION
Type of inflammation Acute inflammation chronic inflammation
Inflammation
Is initiated by WBC already present in all tissue (macrophage , dendritic cell and mast cell) this cell undergo activation and release inflammatory mediator (chemotaxis e.g cytokine,) responsible for clinical signs of inflammation and cell activation phathophysiology
Acute inflammation
clinical signs of inflammation (Rubor ): redness (calor) heat : caused by vasodilatation and
increase blood flow Edema; caused by increase the permeability of
blood vessels results the in exudation of plasma protein and fluid in to the tissue .
Pain (dolor) due to stimulation of pin receptors *Acute inflammation it take Short duration
; minutes hours ,few days
Acute infelammation
Infected ingrown toenail showing the characteristic redness and swelling associated with acute inflammation
Resolution• complete healing • fibrosis and scarring• abscess formation: cavity containing
buss(liquid containing dead WBC and bacteria with debris from destroyed cells
• chronic inflammation.
Acute infelammation
Acute inflammation
Chronic inflammation Longer duration than acute phase presence of Lymphocytes and macrophage Proliferation of blood vessels, fibrosis and
presence of necrosis
Chronic inflammation
In Chronic inflammation ,the inflammatory response is out of proportion to the threat, or it is directed against inappropriate target
Result; allergies and auto immune disease
Chronic inflammation
Allergies Autoimmune Diseases Immune Complex Diseases Immunodeficiency Diseases Cancers of the Immune System
Disorders of the immune system
primary immune deficiency disease are those caused by inherited genetic
mutations Secondary or acquired immune
deficiencies are caused by something outside the body such as a virus or immune suppressing drugs.
Immunodeficiency Diseases
is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
The illness interferes with the immune system making people with AIDS much more likely to get infections, including opportunistic ,tumors, and skin rash
Transmitted by fluid exchange :blood ,semen , and vaginal fluid
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
people with AIDS often have systemic symptoms of infection like
low grad Fevers, swollen glands, chills, weakness, and weight loss
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a tumor caused by human herpes virus
Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune complication of streptococcal infections. Rheumatic fever is expressed as arthritis ,or inflammation of the heart.
It cause fever Heart (cardiac) problems, shortness of
breath and chest pain Joint pain and swelling, arthritis(mainly in
the knees, elbows, ankles, and wrists) Skin nodules , and skin rash
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever
Skin nodules Skin rash
Glomerulonephritis,: is a renal disease (usually of both kidneys) characterized by inflammation of the of glomeruli
(AB against glomeruli basement membrane. It may present with isolated hematuria
and/or proteinuria or as a nephritic syndrome, renal failure, or chronic renal failure.
Glomerulonephritis
Normal glomeruliGlomerulonephritis
Myasthenia gravis Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune
neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigability . This autoimmune response produces antibodies that block the muscle cells from receiving messages (neurotransmitters -acetylcholine receptor -)from the nerve cell.
Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis
Lupus erythematosus autoimmune disease Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs
Lupus erythematosus
SLE butterfly rash
31 years old male came to emergency clinic suffering of sever diarrhea, coughing and chills.
He has history of blood transfusion 2 years ago
Physical examination show: Low grade fever Left hand skin rash Lymph nodes swollen blood analysis confirmd presence of HIV AB +
CASE STUDY
1) What is the probably diagnosis? Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Questions:
2) What is the etology of AIDS? a. Human pabiloma viral infection b. Hiv viral infection c. Cryptococcal meningitis
3) Any of the immune system cells may be infected with HIV virus?
a)CD8 T toxic lymphocyteB) lymphocytec) CD4 T helper lymphocyte
Questions
4) How the HIV virus transmeted? Transmitted by fluid
exchange :blood ,semen , vaginal fluid …ets
Thank you