lab activity 23
DESCRIPTION
Lab Activity 23. Cardiac Anatomy. Portland Community College BI 232. Cardiac Muscle Histology. Branching cells. Once central nucleus. Intercalated disc: contains many gap junctions connecting the adjacent cell cytoplasm, creates a functional syncytium. External View. Position in Thorax. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Lab Activity 23
Cardiac Anatomy
Portland Community CollegeBI 232
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Cardiac Muscle Histology
Branching cells
Intercalated disc: contains many gap junctions connecting the adjacent cell cytoplasm, creates a functional syncytium
Once central nucleus
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External View
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Position in ThoraxBase: Where the Great Vessels enter and exit
Apex: points inferiorly, anteriorly and to the left
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Position of HeartHint: Nipples are at the 4th intercostal space
Apex at 5th intercostal space during ventricular systole (contraction)
Point of Maximum Impulse: PMI is the apex on surface anatomy
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Heart Wall
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RightAtrium
RightVentricle Left
Ventricle
Auricles
Anterior View Posterior View
LeftVentricle Right
Ventricle
RightAtrium
LeftAtrium
Chambers: External View
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Heart Chambers
• Papillary muscles anchor the valves in the ventricles
• Trabeculae carneae are the “waffle like” muscular ridges in the ventricles
RightAtrium
RightVentricle
Papillary musclesLeftVentricle
Trabeculae carneae
LeftAtrium
Interventricular septum
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Vessels
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus
Pulmonary trunk
Left Pulmonary Artery
Right Pulmonary Artery (branches)
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Vessels: Posterior View
RightAtrium
Superior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus
Inferior Vena Cava
Left Pulmonary Artery
Right Pulmonary Artery
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Vessels
Ascending Aorta
Aortic Arch
Left Pulmonary Vein(Right not visible)
Descending Aorta
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Vessels: Posterior View
LeftAtrium
Aortic ArchLeft Pulmonary Veins
Right Pulmonary Veins
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ValvesRight Side of Heart• Tricuspid: Between
Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary: Between Right Ventricle and Pulmonary Trunk
Left Side of Heart• Mitral: Between
Left Atrium and Left Ventricle
• Aortic Valve: Between Left Ventricle and Aorta
Chordae Tendineae are only on the Tricuspid and Mitral Valves (valves between atrium and ventricle)
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Valves
Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Mitral
Aortic (behind the pulmonary trunk)
Chordae tendineae
Consist of 2-3 flaps of connective tissue covered by endothelium
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•When the ventricles are relaxed (diastole), the valves between the atria and ventricles are Open: Mitral and Tricuspid
•The valves leading out of the heart are Closed: Pulmonary and Aortic valves
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•When the ventricles are contracted (systole), the valves between the atria and ventricles are Closed: Mitral and Tricuspid
•The valves leading out of the heart are Open: Pulmonary and Aortic valves
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Fetal Circulation Remnants
Fossa Ovalis
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Fetal Circulation Remnants
Ligamentum Arteriosum
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Conduction System
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Step 1SA node activity and atrial activation beginsTime= 0
Step 2Stimulus spreads across the atrial surfaces and reaches the AV nodeTime= 50 msec
ImpulseConduction
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ImpulseConduction
Step 3There is a 100-msec delay at the AV node. Atrial contraction beginsTime= 150 msec
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ImpulseConduction
Step 4The impulse travels along the interventricular septum within the AV bundle and the bundle branches to the Purkinje fibers to the papillary muscles of the right ventricle
Time= 175 msec
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ImpulseConduction
Step 5The impulse is distributed by Purkinje fibers and relayed throughout the ventricular myocardium. Atrial contraction is completed, and ventricular contraction begins
Time= 225 msec
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Coronary Circulation: Anterior View
Right Coronary Artery
Left Coronary Artery
Circumflex Artery
Left Anterior Descending
Great Cardiac Vein
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Coronary Circulation: Posterior View
Marginal Artery
Circumflex Artery
Marginal Artery
Right Coronary Artery
Posterior Descending Artery Middle Cardiac Vein
Posterior Cardiac Vein
Coronary Sinus
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Terminology• Systole: The contraction of the heart
muscle, especially the ventricle• Diastole: The relaxation of the heart
muscle.• Cardiac Cycle: A complete heartbeat
consisting of systole and diastole of both atria plus systole and diastole of both ventricles.
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Heart Sounds• One heart beat is described as “lubb-dupp”• S1 “lubb”: This is the closing of the AV
valves: Mitral and Tricuspid• Marks the beginning of ventricular contraction
(beginning of systole)• S2 “dupp”: This is the closing of the
Pulmonary and Aortic valves• Occurs at the beginning of ventricular filling
(end of systole)
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Auscultation• The sound of the valve closing radiates in
the direction the blood is flowing.• The actual location of the valve is not the
best place to listen for it.
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The End