M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore-54(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)

Department of Computer Science and Engineering TERM: JAN-MAY 2015

CSL201 / FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTING LAB LIST OF PROGRAMS

PART A

1. Write and execute C programsi. To check whether the entered year is leap year or not using if-else statement.

ii. To check whether a given number is positive, negative or zero using if–else statement.

i. Leap year

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int year;clrscr();printf("Enter a Year");scanf("%d",&year);if(((year%4 == 0)&& (year%100 != 0)) || (year%400 == 0))printf("\n%d is a Leap Year", year);elseprintf("\n%d is not a Leap Year", year);getch();}

ii. Positive, Negative or zero

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int num;clrscr();if(num==0)

printf(“ the number is zero”);

else if(num>0)

printf(“the number is positive”);

else

printf(“ the number is negative”);

getch();

}

2. Write and execute C programs i. To check whether the triangle is isosceles, equilateral or scalene using if-else

statement.ii. To find the greatest of three numbers using nested if statement.

i. Isoceles, Equilateral or scalene

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int a, b, c;clrscr();printf("Enter 3 sides of a triangle");scanf("%d%d%d", &a,&b,&c);if(a==b && b==c)printf("\nTriangle is Equilateral Triangle");else if((a==b || a==c) || (b==a || b==c) || (c==a || c==b))printf("\nTriangle is Isosceles Triangle");elseprintf("\nTriangle is Scalene Triangle");getch();}

ii. Greatest of 3 numbers

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int a, b, c;clrscr();printf("Enter 3 numbers");

scanf("%d%d%d", &a,&b,&c);if(a>b){if(a>c)printf("\n%d is largest", a);elseprintf("\n%d is largest", c);}else{if(b>c)printf("\n%d is largest", b);elseprintf("\n%d is largest", c);}getch();}

3. Write and execute a C program to find the roots of quadratic equation using if-else statement.

#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h>void main( ){float a, b, c;float disc, root1, root2;float real, imag;clrscr();printf("\n Enter the Coefficients of the Equation : ax2+bx+c=O ? : ");scanf("%f%f%f",&a, &b, &c);if( a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0) /* Check for non-zero coefficients */printf("\n\n Error: Coefficients value must be Non-Zero...");else{disc = b * b - 4 * a * c;if(disc < 0 ) { /* Case: imaginary roots */printf("\n\n Roots are Imaginary...");real = -b / (2 * a);imag = sqrt(fabs(disc)) / (2 * a);printf("\n\n Complex Root1 = %7.4f +i %7.4f",real, imag);printf("\n Complex Root2 = %7.4f -i %7.4f",real, imag);}else if( disc == 0 )

{ /* Case: real and identical roots */printf("\n\n Roots are Real & Identical...");root1 = -b / (2 * a);root2 = root1;printf("\n\n Root1 = %7.4f",root1);printf("\n Root2 = %7.4f",root2);}else { /* Case: real and distinct roots */printf("\n\n Roots are Real & Distinct...");root1 = (-b + sqrt(disc)) / (2 * a);root2 = (-b - sqrt(disc)) / (2 * a);printf("\n\n Root1 = %7.4f",root1);printf("\n Root2 = %7.4f",root2);}}getch();}

4. Write and execute a C program to find grade of a student based on marks range using else-if ladder

Marks Grade90-100 S75 - 90 A60-74 B50-59 C40-49 D0-39 F

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<stdlib.h>void main(){long int m1=0, m2=0, m3=0, m4=0, m5=0, m6=0;long int perce=0;clrscr();printf("Enter the marks for 6 subjects");scanf("%ld%ld%ld%ld%ld%ld",&m1,&m2,&m3,&m4,&m5,&m6);perce = ((m1+m2+m3+m4+m5+m6)*100/600);if( (m1<40) || (m2<40) || (m3<40) || (m4<40) || (m5<40) || (m6<40)){printf("Fail");

getch();exit(0);}printf("\nPercentage : %ld\n",perce);if(perce >= 90)printf("\n S grade");else if(perce >= 80)printf("\n A grade");else if(perce >= 70)printf("\n B grade");else if(perce >= 60)printf("\n C grade");else if(perce >= 50)printf("\n D grade");elseprintf("\n Fail");getch();}5. Write and execute a C program to perform a desired arithmetic operation using switch

statement, by declaring choice as char data type. For division operation check whether the divisor is zero, if zero print “Divide by Zero error”.

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<stdlib.h>void main(){float a=0, b=0, result=0;char opcode;clrscr();printf("Enter 2 Numbers");scanf("%f%f",&a,&b);fflush(stdin);printf("\nEnter + to add\n - to subtract\n * to multiply\n / to divide");scanf("%c",&opcode);switch(opcode){case '+':

result = a+b;printf("\nSum of %f & %f is : %f", a,b,result);break;

case '-':result = a-b;printf("\nSubtraction of %f & %f is : %f", a,b,result);break;

case '*':

result = a*b;printf("\nMultiplication of %f & %f is : %f", a,b,result);break;

case '/':if(b==0){printf("Divide By Zero Error\n");exit(0);}else{result = a/b;printf("\nDivision of %f & %f is : %f", a,b,result);}break;default: printf("\nInvalid Operator");}getch();

}6. Write and execute a C program to find area of a triangle, square, circle and rectangle

using switch statement.

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#define PI 3.147void main(){float radius = 0, length = 0, breadth = 0;float base = 0, height = 0, area = 0;int choice = 0;clrscr();printf("Enter \n1 to find area of triangle\n2 to find area of Square");printf("\n3 to find area of circle\n4 to find area of rectangle\n");scanf("%d",&choice);switch(choice){case 1:

printf("\nEnter base & height of a triangle");scanf("%f%f",&base,&height);area = (1.0/2)*base*height;printf("\nArea of Triangle : %f", area);break;

case 2:printf("\nEnter length of a Square");scanf("%f",&length);area = length * length;printf("\nArea of Square : %f", area);

break;case 3:

printf("\nEnter the radius of a Circle");scanf("%f",&radius);area = PI * radius * radius;printf("\nArea of Circle : %f", area);break;

case 4:printf("\nEnter the length & breadth of a Rectangle");scanf("%f%f",&length,&breadth);area = length * breadth;printf("\nArea of Rectangle : %f", area);break;default:printf("\nInvalid Choice");

}getch();}

7. Write a C program to find the sum of first ‘n’ natural numbers using for loop.

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h>

void main(){int i,sum=0,n; scanf(“%d”,&n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) sum+=i;printf(“ the sum of 1st n natural no’s is %d”, sum);}8. Write a C program to check whether a given number is palindrome or not using while loop.

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int rem=0,temp=0;int num1=0, num2=0;clrscr();printf("Enter 4-Digit Number\n");scanf("%d",&num1);

temp = num1;while(temp){rem = temp % 10;num2 = (num2 * 10) + rem;temp = temp / 10;}if(num1 == num2)printf("\n%d is a Palindrome Number",num1);elseprintf("\n%d is not a Palindrome Number",num1);getch();}

9. Write a C program to add two matrices.

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int a[10][10], b[10][10],c[10][10];int i=0, j=0;int rows=0, cols=0;int rows1=0, cols1=0;clrscr();printf("Enter the number of rows & columns for the first matrix\n");scanf("%d%d", &rows,&cols);printf("\n Enter the elements for the First Matrix:\n");for(i=0;i<rows;i++){for(j=0;j<cols;j++){scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);}}printf("\n Enter the number of rows & columns for the second matrix\n");scanf("%d%d",&rows1,&cols1);printf("\n Enter the elements for the Second Matrix:\n");for(i=0;i<rows1;i++){for(j=0;j<cols1;j++){scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);}}if(rows != rows1 || cols != cols1)

{printf("\n Addition can not be performed\n");exit(0);}for(i=0;i<rows;i++){for(j=0;j<cols;j++){c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];}}printf(“\n The first matrix:”);for(i=0;i<rows;i++){for(j=0;j<cols;j++){printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);}printf("\n");}printf(“\n The second matrix:”);for(i=0;i<rows;i++){for(j=0;j<cols;j++){printf("%d\t",b[i][j]);}printf("\n");}

printf("\n Resultant Matrix is :\n");for(i=0;i<rows;i++){for(j=0;j<cols;j++){printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);}printf("\n");}getch();}

10.Write a C program to find factorial of a given number using functions with arguments,with return type.#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>

int fact(int num);void main( ){int n,factorial;clrscr();printf("Enter the number\n");scanf("%d",&n);if(n==0){printf("Factorial of %d is : 1",n);}else{factorial=fact(n);printf("Factorial of %d is : %d",n,factorial);}getch();}int fact(int num){int i,f=1;for(i=1;i<=num;i++)f=f*i;return(f);}

PART B

1. Write and execute a C program to print prime numbers within given range using for or while or do while loop.

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int i=0;int m=0, n=0;clrscr();printf("\nEnter the range :(m<n)\n");scanf("%d%d", &m,&n);printf("\nPrime Numbers between %d & %d :\n",m,n);while(m<=n){for(i=2;i<=m;i++){

if(m%i==0)break;}if(i==m)printf("%d\t",m);m++;}getch();}

2. Write and execute a C program to search for an element in an array using binary search technique.

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){

int arr[20];int i=0, size=0;int key=0, flag=0;int high=0, low=0, mid=0;clrscr();printf("Enter the size of the array");scanf("%d",&size);printf("\nEnter %d elements into Array in ascending order",size);for(i=0;i<size;i++)

scanf("%d",&arr[i]);printf("\nArray Elements are :\n");for(i=0;i<size;i++)

printf("%d\t",arr[i]);printf("\nEnter the element to search in the array\n");scanf("%d", &key);high = size - 1;low = 0;while(low<=high){

mid = (high + low)/2;if(key > arr[mid]){

low = mid + 1;} if(key < arr[mid]){

high = mid - 1;}if(key == arr[mid])

{flag = 1;break;

}}if(flag == 1)

printf("\n%d is found at position %d",key,mid+1);else

printf("\nKey not found");getch();

}

3. Write and execute a C program to sort elements in ascending order using bubble Sort technique.

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){

int i,n,temp,j,arr[10];clrscr();printf("\n Enter the number of elements in the array");scanf("%d",&n);printf("\n Enter the elements");for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&arr[i]);for(i=0;i<n;i++){ for(j=0;j<n-i;j++)

{if(arr[j]>arr[j+1]){

temp=arr[j];arr[j]=arr[j+1];arr[j+1]=temp;

}}

}printf("\n the array sorted in ascending order is:\n");for(i=0;i<n;i++)

printf("\t %d ",arr[i]);getch();return 0;

}

4. Write and execute a C program to find whether a given square matrix is symmetric or not.

#include <stdio.h> void main() { int a[10][10], i, j, row, col,flag=0; printf("\nEnter no. of rows & columns: "); scanf("%d %d", &row, &col); printf("\nEnter elements of Matrix:\n"); for (i=0; i<row; i++) for (j=0; j<col; j++) scanf("%d", &a[i][j]); printf("\n\nElements of Matrix:\n\n"); for (i=0; i<row; i++) { for (j=0; j<col; j++) printf("\t%d", a[i][j]); printf("\n\n"); } for (i=0; i<col; i++) { for (j=0; j<row; j++) if(a[j][i]!=a[i][j]) flag=1; }

if(flag==1) printf(“ not symmetric”);else printf(“symmetric”);}

5. Write and execute a C program to combine two strings without using built-in functions.

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<string.h>

void main(){char str1[30],str2[10];int i=0,len=0,j;clrscr() ;printf("Enter the string1\n");

gets(str1);printf("Enter the string2\n");gets(str2);while(str1[len]!=\0’)len++;for(j=0,i=len;str2[j]!='\0';j++,i++){str1[i]=str2[j];}str1[i]='\0';printf("concatenated string is ");puts(str1);getch();}

6. Write and execute a C program to compare two strings without using built-in functions.

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<string.h>

void main(){char str1[30],str2[10];int i,len=0,j,flag=0;clrscr() ;printf("Enter the string1\n");gets(str1);printf("Enter the string2\n");gets(str2);

while(str1[len]!=\0’)len++;

for(i=0;i<len;i++){ if(str1[i]!=str2[i]) { flag=1; break; }}if(flag==0)printf("strings are equal");elseprintf(“strings are not equal”);getch();}

7. Write and execute a C program to find GCD and LCM of two numbers using functions with arguments, without return type.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>void gcd_lcm(int m, int n);void main( ){int x,y;clrscr( );printf("Enter two numbers\n");scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);gcd_lcm(x,y) ;getch() ;}void gcd_lcm(int m, int n){int p,q,gcd,lcm,r ;p=m;q=n;while(n!=0){r=m%n;m=n;n=r;}gcd=m;lcm=p*q/gcd;printf("GCD of %d and %d is : %d\n",p,q,gcd);printf("LCM of %d and %d is : %d\n",p,q,lcm);}

8. Write a C program to illustrate compare and copy structure variables.

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>

struct class{

int number;char name[20];float marks;

};

void main(){

int x;struct class std1 ={11, "PQR", 88.5};struct class std2 ={12, "STU", 78.5};struct class std3;

clrscr();

std3 = std2;x = ((std3.number == std2.number) && (std3.marks == std2.marks)) ? 1:0 ;

if(x==1){

printf("\n Student2 & student3 are same\n");printf("%d\t%s\t%f\n", std3.number, std3.name, std3.marks);

}else

printf("Student2 & student3 are different");printf("\nStudent1 Details\n");printf("%d\t%s\t%f\n", std1.number, std1.name, std1.marks);getch();

}

9. Write a C program to swap two numbers using pointers.

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int *p, *q;int a=0, b=0;int temp;clrscr();printf("\nEnter two numbers");scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);p = &a;q = &b;printf("\nBefore Swapping\n");printf("a : %d\nb : %d\n",a,b);temp = *p;*p = *q;*q = temp;printf("\nAfter Swapping\n");printf("a : %d\nb : %d\n",a,b);getch();}

10. Write a C program to compute sum of all elements stored in an array using pointers

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>

void main(){int *p;int arr[20],sum=0;int i=0,n;clrscr();printf("\nEnter the size of the array");scanf("%d",&n);printf("Enter the array elements\n");for(i=0;i<n;i++)scanf("%d",&arr[i]);p = arr;for(i=0;i<n;i++){sum = sum + (*p);p++;}printf("\nSum : %d",sum);getch();}

Note: One program from Part A (17 marks) and One program from Part B (18 marks) should be executed.

Write-up: 8MViva: 7MExecution: 35M Total: (8+7+35=50M)