Mark Riley 3107631608 Organic Chemistry Experimental Design & Practical Test

Place 5 drops of X into test tube.

Add 10 drops of 1M H2SO4 and 2

drops of 0.1M K2Cr2O7

(potassium dichromate–orange)

Unknown Organic Compound= X

Test PH with litmus paper

Neutral (No change) Acidic (Litmus paper red)

No change Turns Green (oxidized) No change Grey silver precipitate

Same Different

Below 107°C Above 107°C

Above 129.5°C Below 129.5°C

Reaction No reaction

No precipitate Precipitate

Set up apparatus &

test the boiling point

Alkyl Halide Test

A)Warm a mixture of 2 drops X & 5 drops

ethanol with a little solid KOH (potassium

hydroxide) B)cool mixture & add 2M HNO3

(nitric acid) until blue litmus paper turns red

indicating solution is acidic. Add 3 drops of

AgNO3 (silver nitrate) solution.

Add a small piece of

sodium metal

Set up apparatus &

test the boiling point

Silver Mirror Test Add 5 mL of 0.1M

AgNO3 (Silver Nitrate) to test tube.

Add 2M NH3 (Ammonia) until initial

cloudy precipitate of Ag2O just

dissolves. Add 1-2 drops of X into

mixture & place in water bath.

Primary Alcohol

1-propanol BP 97.4°C

Primary Alcohol

1-butanol BP 118°C

Aldehyde

Methanal

Checked with the

Silver Mirror Test

Place 15 drops of X into a test

tube & 15 drops of 2-butanol into

a separate test tube. Add a small

piece of sodium metal to each

test tube & compare the reactions

Secondary Alcohol

2-butanol

Already checked by

comparing sodium

test to a known

sample of 2-butanol

in previous step.

Tertiary Alcohol

2-methyl-2-propanol

Check by comparing

sodium test to a

known sample of

2-methyl-2-propanol

Halo Alkane

dichloromethane

Check by comparing

density to expected

density of 1.32g/L

Ketone

Propanone

Check by comparing

density to expected

density of 0.7850g/L

Carboxylic Acid

Propanoic Acid BP 141°C

Carboxylic Acid

ethanoic acid BP 118°C

Carboxylic Acid

Check by adding 10

drops of X to 10

drops of saturated

NaHCO3= (sodium

bicarbonate)

There should be

fizzing as CO2 gas is

released

Alternatively use

expected density

26.23g/25mL 24.83g/25mL

Carboxylic Acid

ethanoic acid

Carboxylic Acid

Propanoic Acid